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华为数通操作手册-VRP全系列-VRP故障处理手册-路由器-任务包2.3-EIGRP的Ip-defa.doc

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Ip—default network 实验目的:验证ip—default network的工作原理及实验过程 实验拓扑: Lo:3.3.3.3/24 23.1.1.0/24 12.1.1.0/24 Lo:1.1.1.1/24 R1 R2 R3 Lo:2.2.2.2/24 S2/0 S1/0 S2/0 S1/0 网络边界 实验过程: 基本配置 R1: hostname R1 ! interface Loopback0 ip address 1.1.1。1 255.255.255。0 ! interface Serial1/0 ip address 12.1。1。1 255。255。255。0 serial restart—delay 0 ! R2: hostname R2 ! interface Loopback0 ip address 2.2.2。2 255。255.255。0 ! interface Serial1/0 ip address 23。1。1。2 255.255.255。0 serial restart—delay 0 ! interface Serial2/0 ip address 12。1。1.2 255。255。255。0 serial restart-delay 0 ! R3: hostname R3 ! interface Loopback0 ip address 3.3.3。3 255。255。255。0 ! interface Serial2/0 ip address 23.1。1。3 255.255。255.0 serial restart-delay 0 ! 实验配置 R1: router eigrp 100 network 1。1。1。0 0.0。0.255 network 12.1.1.0 0.0.0.255 auto-summary ! R2: router eigrp 100 network 12。1。1。0 0.0.0.255 network 23.1。1。0 0。0。0.255 //想想其特别之处 auto-summary ! ip classless ip default—network 23。0.0.0 //通告默认路由配置 ip route 0.0。0。0 0.0.0。0 23。1。1。3 //与外网通信的静态默认路由配置 no ip http server no ip http secure—server ! R3: ip classless ip route 0。0。0。0 0。0.0.0 23.1。1。2 //与内网通信的静态路由配置(通信是双向的) no ip http server no ip http secure—server ! 实验结论: 1. 实验详细说明: 此实验是用R1模拟内网,R2和R3模拟网络边界,把R1和R2运行在EIGRP 100内,R2和R3之间的通信是通过设置静态默认路由实现,R1与外网通信是通过R2通告的EIGRP默认路由完成的,R1与所有未知目的网段的通信都会通过R2实现,即R1要实现与外界的通信,若路由表中没有目的网段的路由,则会把包掷给R2. 2. 以上实验配置得出的实验信息: R1#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is 12.1。1。2 to network 23。0.0。0 1.0。0。0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 1.1。1。0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0 D 1。0.0.0/8 is a summary, 00:07:54, Null0 D* 23。0.0。0/8 [90/2681856] via 12。1.1。2, 00:06:48, Serial1/0 12.0。0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 12.1.1。0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0 D 12.0。0。0/8 is a summary, 00:07:54, Null0 R2#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is 23.1.1。3 to network 0.0.0。0 D 1。0.0.0/8 [90/2297856] via 12.1.1.1, 00:09:12, Serial2/0 2.0.0。0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 2.2.2。0 is directly connected, Loopback0 * 23.0。0。0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 23.1。1。0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0 D* 23.0.0.0/8 is a summary, 00:09:01, Null0 12.0.0。0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 12.1.1。0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0 D 12.0.0。0/8 is a summary, 00:09:01, Null0 S* 0。0。0。0/0 [1/0] via 23.1。1.3 R3#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is 23。1.1.2 to network 0.0。0。0 3。0。0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 3.3.3.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 23。0。0。0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 23。1.1。0 is directly connected, Serial2/0 S* 0。0。0.0/0 [1/0] via 23。1.1.2 R1#ping 3.3.3。3 sou 1。1。1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100—byte ICMP Echos to 3。3。3.3, timeout is 2 seconds: Packet sent with a source address of 1。1.1。1 !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round—trip min/avg/max = 40/40/40 ms R1#ping 2。2.2.2 sou 1。1。1.1 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2。2。2。2, timeout is 2 seconds: Packet sent with a source address of 1。1。1。1 !!!!! Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round—trip min/avg/max = 20/20/20 ms 3. 以上仅是做出想得到正确的实验结果的配置及实验信息,可能会很容易发现实验配置和相应实验信息的一些条目被高亮显示,下面将针对这些被标注部分及可能存在的一些疑问进行具体分析: 疑问一:R2中的一条配置:network 23.1.1。0 0。0。0.255 对于这条配置可以与RIP默认路由实验中的相应配置作比较:在RIP的默认路由实验中,与外界路由器相连的那个网段23。1。1。0/24是不需要通告的,但是在EIGRP中是必须通告的。如果不通告这个网段,会出现下面的不同现象: R1#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is not set 1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 1.1。1.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0 D 1。0.0.0/8 is a summary, 00:07:12, Null0 12。0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 12.1。1。0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0 D 12。0。0.0/8 is a summary, 00:07:12, Null0 R2#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is 23。1。1.3 to network 0。0。0.0 D 1.0.0.0/8 [90/2297856] via 12.1。1.1, 00:08:11, Serial2/0 2。0。0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 2。2。2。0 is directly connected, Loopback0 * 23。0。0。0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 23.1.1。0 is directly connected, Serial1/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 12.1。1。0 is directly connected, Serial2/0 S* 0.0。0.0/0 [1/0] via 23.1.1.3 可以发现与2中显示的路由条目相比,绿色条目消失了,橙色部分也有不同,默认路由设置不成功,当然R1与R3是不通的: R1#ping 3。3。3.3 Type escape sequence to abort. Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 3.3.3.3, timeout is 2 seconds: .。。。. Success rate is 0 percent (0/5) 那么为什么R3必须要通告23。1。1。0/24这个网段而RIP不需要呢?我认为可以从EIGRP的三张表想一下,具体细节请读者自行研究. 疑问二:实验配置中R1和R2中的蓝色条目:auto summary 此实验是在没有关闭R1和R2的自动汇总前提下进行的,那若关闭自动汇总呢?会一切照常,还是会出现一些其他现象呢? 在关闭R1和R2的EIGRP自动汇总后(其余配置不变,仅在原实验配置基础上关闭auto summary),R1和R2路由表显示路由信息如下: R1#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is 12.1.1。2 to network 0。0。0。0 1。0.0。0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 1.1.1。0 is directly connected, Loopback0 23.0。0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 23.1。1。0 [90/2681856] via 12。1.1。2, 00:05:08, Serial1/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 12.1.1。0 is directly connected, Serial1/0 R2# sh ip route Gateway of last resort is 23.1.1.3 to network 0。0.0。0 1。0。0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 1。1。1。0 [90/2297856] via 12.1.1.1, 00:06:18, Serial2/0 2.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 2.2。2。0 is directly connected, Loopback0 * 23。0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 23.1。1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 12.1。1。0 is directly connected, Serial2/0 S* 0。0.0。0/0 [1/0] via 23。1。1.3 可以发现与原实验显示的不同之处了,当然R1去ping 3.3。3。3是不通的。可以发现R2路由表中缺少了这个条目: D* 23。0.0。0/8 is a summary, 00:09:01, Null0 这是关闭自动汇总后导致结果不同的直接原因,那么从这点可以看出R2必须开启auto summary,下面是关闭R1 auto summary、开启R2 auto summary下R1和R2的路由表中的信息: R1#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is 12。1.1.2 to network 23。0.0.0 1.0。0。0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 1。1.1。0 is directly connected, Loopback0 D* 23.0。0.0/8 [90/2681856] via 12。1。1.2, 00:01:41, Serial1/0 12.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 12.1。1.0 is directly connected, Serial1/0 R2#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is 23。1.1。3 to network 0.0.0.0 1。0。0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 1。1.1.0 [90/2297856] via 12.1。1。1, 00:02:32, Serial2/0 2.0.0。0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 2.2.2。0 is directly connected, Loopback0 * 23.0。0。0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 23。1.1。0/24 is directly connected, Serial1/0 D* 23.0。0.0/8 is a summary, 00:02:37, Null0 12。0。0。0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks C 12.1。1。0/24 is directly connected, Serial2/0 D 12.0.0。0/8 is a summary, 00:02:37, Null0 S* 0。0.0。0/0 [1/0] via 23.1.1。3 疑问三:上面疑问二中说明R2必须开始auto summary,那么若R2必须关闭auto summary呢?应该如何在这种情况下做配置呢?以下提供一种解决方法: R1实验配置: router eigrp 100 network 1.1。1.0 0。0。0。255 network 12。1.1。0 0。0.0.255 no auto—summary R2实验配置: router eigrp 100 redistribute static network 12.1.1。0 0。0.0.255 network 23。1。1.0 0.0。0.255 //注意:这条配置可以取消,再次引发思考:这里与疑问一中问题的不同之处 no auto—summary ! ip classless ip route 0.0.0.0 0。0。0.0 23。1。1.3 //注意,没有了ip—default network 23.0.0.0的配置 no ip http server no ip http secure-server ! R3实验配置不变 R1#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is 12.1。1.2 to network 0.0.0.0 1.0。0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 1。1.1.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 23。0。0。0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 23。1。1。0 [90/2681856] via 12。1。1.2, 00:02:14, Serial1/0 12。0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 12.1.1。0 is directly connected, Serial1/0 D*EX 0。0。0。0/0 [170/2681856] via 12。1.1.2, 00:01:00, Serial1/0 R2#sh ip route Gateway of last resort is 23。1.1。3 to network 0。0。0。0 1.0。0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets D 1。1。1。0 [90/2297856] via 12.1.1。1, 00:01:52, Serial2/0 2.0.0。0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 2.2.2.0 is directly connected, Loopback0 23。0。0。0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 23。1。1。0 is directly connected, Serial1/0 12。0。0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 12。1.1。0 is directly connected, Serial2/0 S* 0。0。0。0/0 [1/0] via 23。1。1.3 用R1去ping 3.3.3。3 也是可以通的。 最后给大家留几个问题思考一下: 1. R2配置默认路由时这样配置:ip-default network 23。1。1。0会出现怎样的现象? 2.回归原始问题:R1路由表中仅有这样一条路由 D* 23.0。0。0/8 [90/2681856] via 12。1.1.2, 00:06:48, Serial1/0,那怎样会在ping 3.3.3.3或其他未知网段时去找R2呢,这一条并没有明确说明。
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