love-is-a-fallacy--(课堂PPT).ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,LOVE IS A FALLACY,MAX SHULMAN,Andy,May,Tango,1,CONTENTS,1,Detailed study of,Pragraph1-4,2,About love and fallacy,3,Supplementary information,4,Video episode,Background Information,1,Biography,Max Shulman,2,Max Shulman,Max Shulman,(March 14,1919August 28,1988)was an American writer and humorist best known for his television and short story character Dobie Gillis,as well as for best-selling novels.,His writing often focused on young people,particularly in a collegiate setting.,more,3,Max Shulman,Max Shulman first delved into the world of writing as a journalism student at the University of Minnesota.Shulman was the author of several fairly well-received novels,including,Rally Round the Flag,Boys!,and,Sleep Till Noon,.He was also a co-writer,with Robert Paul Smith,of the long-running Broadway play,The Tender Trap,starring Robert Preston,which was later made into a successful movie.However,he is probably best remembered for his creation of the character Dobie Gillis,who was the subject of a series of short stories compiled under the title,The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis,which became the basis for a CBS television series of the same name,and had previously been the subject of a film,The Affairs of Dobie Gillis(1953),4,Shulman was also a screenwriter.He was one of the collaborators on a television documentary,Lights Diamond Jubliee,which was supposedly a celebration of the 75th anniversary of the invention of the light bulb by Thomas A.Edison,but which was in reality little more than a public relations piece for the electric industry,as its predecessor film,Lights Golden Jubilee,had been 25 years before.,Love Is a Fallacy,was published in 1951 and brings to light issues of the day including the stereotyping of women.,5,After his success with the Gillis character,Shulman continued to write.His humor column,On Campus,was syndicated in over 350 collegiate newspapers at one point.A later novel,Anyone Got a Match,?,satirized both the television and tobacco industries,as well as the South and college football.His last major successful project was his work on,House Calls,which began as a 1978 movie based on one of his stories which starred Walter Matthau and Glenda Jackson,and later became a television series(1979-1981)starring Wayne Rogers and Lynn Redgrave in the same roles,for which he was the lead writer.,6,7,Supplementary information,Love Is a Fallacy,is taken from,The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis,”published in 1951 and brings to light issues of the day including the stereotyping of women.In it,Max Shulman demonstrates a wit and clarity of language,The theme of the story covers two human relationships.The story tells us one specific way how people try to“habituate”the other and shape the persons character the way they need to see the other one they live with.The entire story demonstrates the way people get to know each other.,Moving forward,the story begins with a clear introduction where the reader gets all the information about the main characters:the lawyer and Polly Espy.Everything is clearly exposited.The lawyer gives Polly a course in logic.From my point of view,the story ends with the climax when Polly twists the lawyer around her finger and simply turns him down.,8,The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis,The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis was produced by Martin Manulis Productions in association with 20th Century Fox Television;creator Shulman also wrote the theme song in collaboration with Lionel Newman.,The Many Loves of Dobie Gillis,is an American sitcom that aired on CBS from 1959 to 1963.The series and some episode scripts were adapted from a 1951 collection of short stories of the same name,written by Max Shulman,that also inspired the 1953 film,The Affairs of Dobie Gillis,with Debbie Reynolds,Bob Fosse,and Bobby Van as Dobie Gillis.A follow-up novel,I Was a Teen-Age Dwarf,appeared in 1959.,9,Other Most Widely Held Works by Max Shulman,A,1982,Help Wanted:Male,Screenwriter,B,1978,House Calls,Screenwriter,C,1958,Rally round the Flag,Boys!,Book Author,D,1955,The Tender Trap,Play Author,E,1953,Confidentially Connie,Screenwriter,F,1953,The Affairs of Dobie Gillis,Screenwriter,G,1953,Half a Hero,Screenwriter,10,Charles Lamb(1775-1834),English essayist and critic.Lamb was employed as a clerk at East India House(headquarters for the East India Company)from 1792 to 1825.From 1796 he was guardian of his sister,the writer Mary Lamb who,in a fit of madness(which proved recurrent),had killed their mother.He is best known for the often autobiographical essays he wrote under the pseudonym Elia for London Magazine,collected in,Essays of Elia,(1823)and,The Last Essays of Elia,(1833).Among the greatest of English letter writers,he included some of his most perceptive literary criticism,often in the form of marginalia,in letters.He collaborated with Mary on,Tales from Shakespear,(1807),a highly popular retelling of the plays for children.,11,Thomas Carlyle(1795-1881),Scottish historian and essayist.The son of a mason,Carlyle was reared in a strict Calvinist household and educated at the University of Edinburgh.He moved to London in 1834.An energetic,irritable,fiercely independent idealist,he became a leading moral force in Victorian literature.His humorous essay Sartor Resartus(1836)is a fantastic hodgepodge of autobiography and German philosophy.The French Revolution,3 vol.(1837),perhaps his greatest achievement.On Heroes,Hero-Worship,and the Heroic in History(1841)showed his reverence for strength,particularly when combined with the conviction of a God-given mission.He later published a study of Oliver Cromwell(1845)and a huge biography of Frederick the Great,6 vol.,12,John Ruskin(1819-1900),John Ruskin was the leading English art critic of the Victorian era,also an art patron,draughtsman,watercolorist,a prominent social thinker and philanthropist.He wrote on subjects ranging from geology to architecture,myth to ornithology,literature to education,and botany to political economy.His writing styles and literary forms were equally varied.Ruskin penned essays and treatises,poetry and lectures,travel guides and manuals,letters and even a fairy tale.,His works:,Modern Painters(1843-1860),The Seven Lamps of Architecture(1849),Sesame and Lilies(1865),The Crown of Wild Olive(1866),Time and Tide(1867),Fors Clavigera(8 vols,1871-1884,).,13,Detailed study of Paragraph1-4,(para1-4),Questions to think:,1).What implication does the title contain?,2).What does the writer say about his own essay?,Is he serious?,14,About the Title,The title is humorous and well-chosen.,When“fallacy”is taken in its ordinary sense,the title means there is a deceptive or delusive quality about love.,When taken as a specific term in logic,the title means love cannot be deduced from a set of given premises.Love is an error,a deception and an emotion that does not follow the principles of logic.There is no such thing as love in terms of logic.,15,Vocabulary,fallacy(n.):a false or mistaken idea,，,opinion,，,etc.,；,error,谬论，谬见；错误,enterprising(adj.):full of energy and initiative,；,willing to undertake new projects,有进取心的；充满首创精神的；有胆量的,unfetter(v.):free from fetters,；,free from restraint of any kind,；,liberate,除掉,的脚,镣；解放；使获得自由,limp(adj.):lacking or having lost stiffness,；,flaccid,；,drooping,，,wilted,柔软的,flaccid(adj.):hanging in loose folds or wrinkles,：,soft and limp,；,flabby,不结实；,松驰的；松软的,16,Vocabulary,spongy(adj.):of or like a sponge,；,soft and porous,海绵,(,状,),的；柔软有弹性的,pedantic(adj.):of or like a pedant,迂腐的，书呆子气的,trauma(n.):a painful emotional experience,，,or shock,often producing a lasting psychic effect and sometimes a neurosis(,精神,),心灵创伤,calculating(adj.):shrewd or cunning.esp.in a selfish way,；,scheming,精明的；,(,尤 指,),专为自己打算的；有算计的,17,Vocabulary,perspicacious(adj.):having keen judgement or understanding,；,acutely perceptive,聪颖的；敏锐的,astute(adj.):having or showing a clever or shrewd mind,：,cunning,；,crafty,；,wily,聪 明的，敏锐的；精明的；狡猾的,dynamo(n.):generator,发动机,18,Vocabulary,scale(n.):either of the shallow dishes or pans of a balance,秤盘；天平盘,penetrating(adj.):sharp,；,piercing,锐利的,scalpel(n.):a small,，,light,，,straight knife with a very sharp blade,，,used by surgeons,and anatomical dissections,解剖刀，手术刀,19,Words and Phrases,1)There followsfrontier,(Para.1,line3):,The informal essay that follows here is freer than the one Charles Lamb wrote.(,metaphor,),Unfettered,(Para.1):v.,to be free from fetters;,to be free restraint of any kind(,除掉,的脚镣，解放,)2)Vague thoughan essay(Para.2):,Though its category is vague,it is certainly an essay.(,Inversion and ellipsis,),20,3)Could CarlyleCould Ruskin?,Carlyle could not write a better essay than this one.Neither could Ruskin,(,two rhetorical questions for emphasis,),4).My brain a scalpel.,My brain was like a forceful dynamo,accurate scales,and a fierce scalpel.,(,simile and hyperbole,),calculating,:shrewed or cunning,esp in a selfish way;,Scalpel,:a small,light,straight knife with a sharp blade used by surgeons,解剖刀,手术刀,Words and Phrases,21,scheming:,精明的,(,尤指,),专为自己打算的,perspicacious:a.having keen judgment or understanding,聪颖的，敏锐的,astute:a.showing a clever mind;crafty;wily,精明的，狡猾的,dynamo,：,generator,发电机,Words and Phrases,22,I,My roommate,My roommates girlfriend,Cool.Logical.Keen.Calculating.Perspicacious.,Acute,Astute.,Dumb as an ox.Emotional.Unstable.Impressionable,Faddist,Beautiful.Gracious.,Not intelligent.,23,I,My roommate,My roommates girlfriend,Want the girl,Have a raccoon,Want a raccoon,Have the girl,Get the girl,Get the raccoon,Available,Taught her a lot of things to make her clever enough for him.,24,Definition of Love,n,a strong feeling of liking someone a lot combined with sexual attraction,v,to have a strong feeling of affection for someone,combined with sexual attraction,25,Love Quotes,Love comes in a second,and goes at the same speed.,If you judge people,you have no time to love them.,The fastest way to lose love is to hold it too tightly,and the best way to keep it is to give it wings.,The supreme happiness in life is the,conviction that we are loved.,26,Love Quotes,Love is friendship set on fire.,-unknown,Love is an ideal thing,marriage a real thing.,Goethe,To be in love is merely to be in a state of perceptual anesthesia.“,H.L.Mencken,It was impossible to love and to be wise.,Bacon,27,Logical fallacies are errors of reasoning,errors which may be recognized and corrected by prudent thinkers.,Logical Fallacies,28,Fallacy:,1.a false or mistaken idea,opinion,etc,e.g.,Its a popular fallacy that success brings happiness.,2.a false reasoning:,e.g.,I was able to show the fallacy of his argument.,Fallacy,29,three groups of fallacies,The material fallacies are also known as fallacies of presumption,because the premises presume too much.,The verbal fallacies,called fallacies of ambiguity,arise when the conclusion is achieved through an improper use of words.,Strictly logical,or formal fallacies arise not from the specific matter of the argument but from a structural pattern of reasoning that is generically incorrect.,30,Fallacies,绝对判断：即将普遍规则运用于有特殊情况发生的个别情形之中,Dicta Simpliciter,：,means an argument based on an unqualified generalization,草率结论：由个别情形来推断普遍规则,Hasty Generalization,：,It applies a special case to general rule,.,错误因果：导致某一现象的原因仅停留在表面上,Post hoc:The cause has no connection with the result.,矛盾前提,:,当论证的前提相互矛盾时，这立论便不能成立,Contradictory premises:when the premises of an argument contradict each other,there can be no argument.,31,Fallacies,5.,文不对题,:,并无关联的结论与前提,Ad misericordiam:answer has no connection with the question.,6.,错误类比,:,将情况不同的事物进行比较,False analogy:make an analogy between different things.,7.,事实相反的假设,:,不合逻辑的推理,Hypothesis contrary to fact:draw any supportable conclusion from a hyperthesis that is not ture.,8.,井下放毒,:,事先否定对方,Poisoning the well:has hamstrung ones opponent.,32,Video episode,33,Thank You!,我一定会回来的！,34,