名词冠词幻灯片.ppt

,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,初三英语复习,Revision of Junior English,1,Nouns,名 词,表示人、事物、地点的名称或者抽象,概念的词。分为专有名词和普通名词,2,1,、专有名词,:,表示个别的人、事物、地点等专有的 名称。专有名词,第一个字母要大写,*,2,、普通名词,:,又可以分为可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词,可数名词：表示人、事物、地点等的名称,.,可数名词有单数和复数两种形式之分。,初三英语复习,-,名词,-,可数名词,Kate *China *the Great Wall,3,一、名词的单数形式,一般,可用,a,来修饰,*,a,cat,*,a,book,在,元音发音,开头的单词前用,an,*,an,apple,*,an,egg,请区别：,a useful,machine,初三英语复习,-,名词,-,可数名词,-,名词的单数形式,4,二、名词的复数形式,1.,复数形式的构成方法,1),一般在复数名词后加,“,s,”,/s/,or,/z/,*,dog dog,s,*,book book,s,2),以,s,x,ch,sh,结尾的名词加,“,es”,/iz/,*box boxes,*watch watch,es,3),以,辅音字母,加,y,结尾的名词,变,y,为,i,加,“,es”,/iz/,*countr,y,countr,ies,*factor,y,factor,ies,请区别,:,如果是,元音字母,加,y,结尾的名词则只须加,“,s”,*boy boy,s,*monkey monkey,s,初三英语复习,-,名词,-,可数名词,-,名词的复数形式,5,4),以,o,结尾的名词加,“,s,”,/z/,radio,radio,s,zoo,zoo,s,只有,potato tomato,加,“,es,”,构成复数,potato potatoes tomato tomatoes,5),以,f,、,fe,结尾的名词,变,f,、,fe,为,v,再加,“,es”,/vz/,hal,f,halves,shel,f,shel,ves,kni,fe,kni,ves,leaflea,ves,2.,特殊变化的单词,1),单复数同形,Japanese Japanese,sheep sheep,Chinese Chinese fish fish,2),变元音字母,oo,为,ee,t,oo,th t,ee,th f,oo,t f,ee,t g,oo,se-g,ee,se,初三英语复习,-,名词,-,可数名词,-,名词的复数形式,6,3.,变,man,为,men,man men woman women,policemanpolicemen FrenchmanFrenchmen,请区别,：,German,(,德国人,),German,s,4.,其它形式,child,child,ren,mouse mice,5.,一些合成名词的复数构成分两种情况,1),将中心词变为复数,:,grand,child,grand,children,girlfriendgirlfriend,s,a apple tree2 apple,tree,s,*,2),man,woman,构成的合成词,每个名词都要变成复数,a man doctor,m,e,n doctor,s,a woman teacher,wom,e,n,t,eacher,s,初三英语复习,-,名词,-,可数名词,-,名词的复数形式,7,6.,常以复数形式出现的名词,people clothes police,trousers glasses,这些名词,作主语,时，注意它们的,谓语用复数,*,My clothes,are,newer than yours.,*The police often,come,here.,7.,可用,how many,，,many,，,a few,，,few,，,any,，,lots,of,some,，,a lot of,等修饰可数名词复数,*,There are a few people in the park.,*How many knives are there in your pencil-box?,初三英语复习,-,名词,-,可数名词,-,名词的复数形式,8,不可数名词,不可数名词：物质名词和抽象名词，属于不可数名词。例如,:,water,，,rice,，,fish,，,meat,等。,特别记住：,work time space music money,weather cotton homework wood,information news medicine,初三英语复习,-,名词,-,可数名词,-,名词的复数形式,9,1.,不可数名词无复数,作主语时常看成单数,*,Some bread,is,over there.*No news,is,good news.,2.,常用,how much,much,a little,little,a lot of,some,any,等用来修饰不可数名词,*,They had much money.,*He does little housework at home.,3.,常用,a piece of,a cup of,a glass of,a bottle of,等来表示不可数名词的量,单复数表现在,of,前面的名词上，而,of,后始终是单数,*,There is a piece,of,paper in the book.,*Three glasses,of,orange are on the desk.,初三英语复习,-,名词,-,可数名词,-,名词的复数形式,10,注意：,可数名词也可用量来表示，,of,后用复数,*,There are two bags,of,clothes over there.,*We have five boxes,of,apples.,初三英语复习,-,名词,-,可数名词,-,名词的复数形式,11,4.,有些可数名词或不可数名词在一定情况下可相互转化，同一个词，但意思不同,(1),glass,(,玻璃,),_a glass,(,玻璃杯,),paper,(,纸,),_ a paper,(,报纸,),work,(,工作,),_a work,(,著作,),room,(,空间,),_ a room,(,房间,),(2),fruit,(,水果,),_ fruits,(,各种水果,),fish,(,鱼,),_ fishes,(,各种鱼,),hair,(,所有头发,),_ hairs,(,几根头发,),time,(,时间,),_ times,(,时代,),初三英语复习,-,名词,-,可数名词,-,名词的复数形式,12,三、名词的一般用法,名词做定语,1.,修饰另一名词时,一般用单数,*,He has two pencil-boxes.,*There are three banana trees over there.,2.,man woman,用做定语时,应与后面的名词保持数的一致,*,We need a man teacher.,*They are all women workers.,3.,sports,clothes,做定语时,仍用复数形式,*,a sports field *a clothes shop,初三英语复习,-,名词,-,名词的一般用法,13,4.,当数词与单位名词一起做定语时,单位名词往往用单数形式,数词与单位名词用,“,-,”,连接。,*,He is a fourteen-year-old boy.,*This is a two-hour plan.,名词做主语,应注意名词的数,避免主谓不一致。,*,Her family is a large one and her family are all teachers.,她家是一个大家庭,她的家人都是老师。,*,There is a pair of glasses on the desk.,桌上有一副眼镜,.,初三英语复习,-,名词,-,名词的一般用法,14,四、名词所有格,表示名词间的所有关系,“,的,”,(,一,),名词所有格的构成方法,1.,单数名词后加,“,s”,*Tom s book *my friend s uncle,2.,以,s,结尾的复数名词,则在,s,后加,“,”,即可,*,Teachers Day *two weeks holiday,3.,不以,s,结尾的复数名词的所有格,仍按惯例加,“,s”,*Children s Day *men s shoes,初三英语复习,-,名词,-,名词所有格,15,4.,用,of,加名词，构成所属关系的短语，主要用于表,示无生命名词的所有关系,*,the color of the wall,*a picture of the classroom,(,二,),名词所有格的几个注意点,1.,可用名词所有格表示地点,地点名词习惯上省略,my aunts,(,home,）,(,我姑姑家）,go to the teachers,(,office,）,(,去老师办公室）,2.,有些名词的所有格可用两种形式,the cats name/the name of the cat,Chinas capital/the capital of China,初三英语复习,-,名词,-,名词所有格,16,用名词的正确形式填空,1.,He cut the apple into,_,(,half,).,2.,The _,(,potato,)are mine,.,3.,How many _,(,family,)are there in this town,?,4.,There are ten _(,deer,)on the farm,.,5.,These _(,German,)are _,(,businessman,).,6.,Last week we went to the,_,(,child,)Park,.,halves,potatoes,families,deer,Germans,businessmen,Childrens,初三英语复习,-Exercises,17,3.,表示两人共同拥有,在最后一个名词后加,“,s”,Lucy and Lilys room,露西和莉莉的房间（两人共有一间房间）,请区别,:,Lucys and Lilys rooms,露西的房间和莉莉的房间,(,两人各有一间房间,),初三英语复习,-,名词,-,名词所有格,18,Exercises,19,用名词的正确形式填空,1.,He cut the apple into,_,(,half,).,2.,The _,(,potato,)are mine,.,3.,How many _,(,family,)are there in this town,?,4.,There are ten _(,deer,)on the farm,.,5.,These _(,German,)are _,(,businessman,).,6.,Last week we went to the,_,(,child,)Park,.,halves,potatoes,families,deer,Germans,businessmen,Childrens,初三英语复习,-Exercises,20,改错,1.Its a hard work.,2.We dont have any class on Sundays.,3.The rooms windows are very big.,Its,hard work,.,We dont have any,classes,on Sundays.,The windows of the room,are very big.,初三英语复习,-Exercises,21,4.How many milk is there in the bag?,5.Could I have three papers,please,？,6.These two pieces of bread is over there.,How,much,milk is there in the bag?,Could I have three,pieces of,paper,please,？,These two pieces of bread,are,over there.,初三英语复习,-Exercises,22,Article,冠 词,虚词,本身无独立的意义,它用来帮助说明名词所指的人或物,是泛指还是特指,.,不定冠词,a,an,(,泛指,),定冠词,the,(,特指,),零冠词,初三英语复习,-,冠词,23,一、不定冠词的用法,1.,表示某人,(,事物,),的某一种类,My father is,a,driver.,Do you like,an,apple or a pear?,2.,表示某一事物中的任何一个,An,elephant is bigger than a horse.,A,monkey can climb trees.,3.,表示某人某物,但不具体说明何人何物。,A student from Class Two runs fastest.,A man is calling now.,初三英语复习,-,冠词,-,不定冠词的用法,24,4.,表示数量，有,“,一,”,的含义,There is a flower in the vase.,A panda has a mouth,a nose,，,two eyes.,5.,有些不可数名词要表示,“,一种,”,、,“,一场,”,、,“,一堆,”,时,须加不定冠词,a heavy snow a strong wind,make a fire have a good time,6.,用于固定词组,half an hour a moment ago a lot of,have a rest a little a few a pair if,初三英语复习,-,冠词,-,不定冠词的用法,25,二、定冠词的用法,1.,指上文提到过的人或物,用定冠词,the,2.,世界上独一无二的事物前用定冠词,the,the sun the moon the earth,3.,定冠词,the,用于序数词前或表示方位的名词前和形容词最高级前,.,the first the best in the south,4.,乐器名称前用定冠词,the,play the piano play the violin,初三英语复习,-,冠词,-,定冠词的用法,26,5.,在,复数姓氏,前加,the,表示,xx,一家人,常看成复数,*,The Browns are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.=The Brown family are going to Shanghai for a holiday this summer.,6),在一些形容词前，表示一类人,*,the rich,富人,*,the old,老人,*,the deaf,聋子,在一些专有名词和习惯用语中常用定冠词,the,*,the,Great Wall *by,the,way,*in,the,morning *on,the,right,*behind,the,chair *all,the,time,初三英语复习,-,冠词,-,不定冠词的用法,27,三、零冠词,1.,在节日,.,星期,.,月份,.,季节,.,年,.,学科等词前不用冠词,*,in summer *in August,*on Sunday *study physics,请区别：,in,the,spring of 1945,(,特指,加,the,),2.,一日三餐和球类运动名词前不用冠词,*,have breakfast *play football,3.,名词前已有,this,that,my,your,some,any,each,作定语,不用冠词,*,They met here this morning.,*Each boy has a workbook.,初三英语复习,-,冠词,-,不用冠词,28,4.,一些专有名词,.,不可数名词,.,称呼,.,头衔不用冠词,China Grade Two Mr.Li Dr.Liu monitor,5.,表示颜色、语种、国家前不用冠词,*,in purple *in red *Japanese *Britain,6.,固定词组,:,*go to bed *by bus *at night *in time,7.,在有些词组中,有冠词和无冠词意思不同,in front of,在,前面,in the front of,在,范围内的前部,*,There is a tree,in front of,the house.,房子前面有一棵树,*,The teachers desk is,in the front of,the classroom.,讲台在教室的前部,初三英语复习,-,冠词,-,不定冠词的用法,29,in hospital,(,生病,),住院,in the hospital,在医院里,*,Hes ill,in hospital,.,他生病,住院。,*,My parents work,in the hospital.,我的父母在医院工作。,初三英语复习,-,冠词,-,不定冠词的用法,30,不定冠词,a,an,的区别,an,honest boy,There is _,“,f,”,in the word,“,five,”,an,不见元音不加,an,不看字母看发音。,在,26,个字母中，前面有,an,的字母有,“,a,e,f,h,i,l,m,n,o,r,s,x,”,共,12,个。,特别注意,:,以,u,开头的单词：,31,单数名词前加定冠词、不定冠词，复数名词前不加定冠词,都可以表示,“,一类事物,”,马是一种动物。,A horse,is a useful animal.,The horse,is a useful animal.,Horses,are useful animals.,32,()1 I found _ good news in _ newspaper.,A.a,a B.a piece of,a piece of,C.a,a piece of D.a piece of,a,()2 What _ it is today!,A.a fine weather B.fine weather,C.fine a weather D.the fine weather,()3 To their _,they have all passed the exam.,A.surprise B.surprising,C.surprises D.surprised,D,B,A,初三英语复习,-Exercises,33,()4 Lucy is _ sister.,A.Mary and Jack B.Marys and Jacks,C.Mary and Jacks D.Mary and Jacks,()5 Please make _ for him.He is very tired.,A.any room B.any room,C.some rooms D.some room,()6 The model plane was made by a _ boy.,A.ten-years-old B.ten-year-older,C.ten-year-old D.ten-year old,D,D,C,初三英语复习,-Exercises,34,()7 He went to the _ to buy a pair of shoes.,A shoes store B shoe store,C shoes store D shoes store,()8 I will give you _ to finish it.,A two weeks time B two weeks time,C two week time D two weeks time,()9 The two bedroom are the _.,A twins B twins C twins D twins,B,B,C,初三英语复习,-Exercises,35,()10 This is an old photo of mine when I _.,A have short hairs B had short hairs,C have short hair D had short hair,()11 I think the country is much more beautiful than,any other _ in the world.,A country B countries,C the country D the countries,()12 Johns uncle has many friends.Mr.Shute is a,friend of _.,A Johns uncle B John uncles,C Johns uncles D John uncle,D,A,C,初三英语复习,-Exercises,36,Exercises,1,There is _“m”in _ word“mother”.,2,Did you play _ basketball or play _ piano,after _school?,3,Turn right at _ third crossing on _ left.,4,They got to _ moon by _ spaceship.,5,She is _ university student,she likes,_ music of _ film.,an,a,/,the,/,the,the,the,/,a,the,the,初三英语复习,-Exercises,37,6,We didnt have _ history yesterday,we,went to visit _ History Museum.,7,_ Smiths went to _ capital of,_ China last year.,8,What _ windy day it is!,9,His _ best friend flew to _ France_ last week.,10,_ Chinese doctor told him to take _,three times _ day.,/,the,The,the,/,a,/,/,/,A,/,a,初三英语复习,-Exercises,38,