1、单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,名词分类和名词词组的句法功能,外国语,14,级,1,班,蔡秋梅,1,主要内容,一、名词的定义,二、名次分类,三、名词词组和句法功能,2,一、名词的定义,名词,(Nouns),:指人、物、事、时、地、情感、概念等实体或抽象事物的词。,3,二、名词分类,1,、简单名词、复合名词、派生名词,简单名词:包含一个自由词素的名词,如,man,、,chair,、,land,、,ship,、,water,、,gas,等。,复合名词:由两个或两个以上自由词素合成的名词,如,armchair,、,farmland,、,se
2、aside,、,roommate,等。,派生名词:指由动词、形容词、简单名词加词缀构成的名词,如,arrangement,、,expectation,、,ability,、,greatness,等。,4,2,、普通名词和专有名词,5,3,、可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词有单、复数形式;不可数名词一般没有单、复数之分,但有时也可以以复数形式出现,表示不同意义。,个体名词,都是可数名词,有单、复数形式,可以计数;比如说,a car,,,two cars,,,one peach,,,ten peaches,;,集体名词,有的可数,有的不可数,比如说,a family,,,two families,,
3、却不可以说,a furniture,,,two furnitures,;,物质名词、抽象名词和专有名词,通常不可以计数,从而是不可数名词。,6,普 个体名词 可数,通 集体名词 名词,名 物质名词,词 抽象名词 不可数名词,专有名词,7,注意,:可数名词与不可数名词的划分关系到名词与限定词的搭配,也关系到主语和谓语动词的一致(主谓一致),8,三、名词词组的句法功能,1,、名词词组的结构模式,(限定词),+,(前置修饰语),+,名词,+,(后置修饰语),例如:,a,boy,a little boy,a lovely little boy,a most lovely little boy,a mo
4、st lovely little boy at play,a most lovely little boy in red at play,9,名词词组用途广泛,可以在句子中充当主语、主语补语、宾语、宾语补语、同位语、介词补足成分、状语和连词;但,不能,充当谓语成分。,10,做主语,Eg,:,1,、,Children at play,seldom remember what time it is.,2,、,The boys quarrelling over the game,each insisted that the other was unfair.,11,做主语补语,Eg,:,1,、,Th
5、at,was an attractive little black chair,.,2,、,My grandfather,died a martyr to his revolutionary ideal,.,12,做宾语,Eg,:,1,、,They gave him,a first-rate education,.,2,、,In the hall,I saw,some extremely valuable pictures,.,13,做宾语补语,Eg,:,1,、,They elected him,chairman of the board,.,2,、,The School Board have
6、 appointed her,superintendent of the citys schools,.,14,做同位语,Eg,:,1,、,Mr Brown,director of the coal mine,should be responsible for the accident.,2,、,Alice,a professor of the department,will be invited to our English evening.,15,做介词补足成分,Eg,:,1,、,We teachers should be concerned about,the students moral culture,.,2,、,Within the house nothing stirs,In,the garden,I can hear the singing of,birds,.I can hear the rustle of,their wings,.,16,做状语和连词,Eg,:,1,、,He returned,last night,.,2,、,A photo is taken,each time,this button is pushed.,3,、,She phoned her parents,the moment,she reached the hotel.,17,