非谓语动词之动词不定式.pptx

动词不定式动词不定式By JasonBy Jason非谓语动词非谓语动词动词不定式动词不定式 to do现在分词现在分词 doing动名词动名词 doing过去分词过去分词 done 动词不定式由 to+to+动词原形动词原形 构成。动词不定式不能作谓语。但它有动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语或状语。动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。一、动词不定式作主语一、动词不定式作主语 回答你的问题很难。做早操很有益。做这项工作花了我两小时。打开窗最好。你告诉我这个消息真好。To answer your question is difficult.To do morning exercise is good.To do the work took me two hours.To open the window is best.Of you to tell me the good news is kind.It is difficult to answer your question.It is good to do morning exercise.It took me two hours to do.It is best to open the window.Its kind of you to tell me.It is difficult to 难于做某事 It is good to 做某事有好处 It takes sb some time to 做某事花费某人多少时间。It is best to 最好 It is kind of you to 你真是太好了 二、动词不定式作表语：动词不定式作表语：（1）我的意见是首先清洁课室。（2）我的愿望是当老师。（3）他的任务是帮助老师。My idea is _ first.My wish is _.His job is _.to clean the classroom to be a teacher to help the teacher 三、三、动词不定式作宾语：动词不定式作宾语：能以不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：want,like,hate,wish,hope,try,ask,start,begin,decide,learn等等。1.我想买一本英语书。2.我设法再做一次。3.他们开始收割水稻。4.他决定去北京。I want _ _ an English book.I try _ _it again.They began _ _ the rice.He decided _ _ to Beijing.to buy to do get in to gotell,show,teach,decide,learn等动词常用一个带连接词的不定式作宾语。1）你能告诉我什么时候出发？2）她教我们如何种植树木。3）老师教我们怎样学习英语。4）你能决定到哪里去？Can you tell me _ _ _?She showed us _ _ _ the trees.The teacher teaches us _ _ _ English.Can you decide _ _ _?when to start how to plant how to learn where to go特殊疑问词特殊疑问词+动词不定式动词不定式 结构实际上是宾语从句的简化。由复合句向简单句转化。1.Can you tell me when we will start?Can you tell me _ _ _?2.Do you know where we will go?Do you know _ _ _?3.I dont know how I can get there.I dont know _ _ _ there.4.He asked whom he would ask.He asked _ _ _.5.I want to know how I should do it.I want to know _ _ _ it when to start where to go how to get whom to ask how to do四、动词不定式用作宾语补足语。常见的动词有：ask,tell,get,want,like,hate,prefer;see,hear,watch,notice,feel;make,let,help ask sb to do sth 叫某人做某事叫某人做某事 tell sb to do sth 吩咐某人做某事吩咐某人做某事 want sb to do sth 想某人做某事想某人做某事 like sb to do sth 喜欢某人做某事喜欢某人做某事 hate sb to do sth 讨厌某人做某事讨厌某人做某事 prefer sb to do sth 更加喜欢某人做某事更加喜欢某人做某事（1）老师叫我们努力学习英语。（2）妈妈吩咐我们不准在街上踢足球。（3）她想你打电话给她。（4）我更喜欢你关电视。The teacher asked us _ _ _ at English.Mother told us _ _ _ football in the street.She wanted you _ _ her.I prefer you _ _ _ the TV.to work hard not to play to call to turn off 动词不定式作see,hear,watch,notice,fell 等感官感觉动词后面的宾语补足语时，要省to。（1）我看见她关门。（2）我们常常听见有人在隔离房唱歌。（3）我每天都看他们踢足球。（4）我注意到他进来了。I saw him _ the door.We often hear someone _ in the next room.I watch them _ football.I noticed her _ _.close sing play come in see sb do sth 看见某人做某事看见某人做某事 hear sb do sth 听见某人做某事听见某人做某事 watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事观看某人做某事 notice sb do sth 注意某人做某事注意某人做某事 feel sb do sth 感到某人做某事感到某人做某事动词不定式用作make,let,help,have 等动词的宾语补足语时，省to。make sb do sth 使某人做某事使某人做某事 let sb do sth 让某人做某事让某人做某事 help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事 have sb do sth 使某人做某事使某人做某事（1）他要我们留在课室。He made us _ in the classroom.（2）让我们回家吧！Let us _ _.（3）他帮农民收割水稻。He helped the farmers _ _ the rice.（4）别记了让他来。Dont forget to have him _.stay go home get in come 五、动词不定式作定语：动词不定式作定语：（1）我想找点读的东西。I want to find something _ _.（2）我有会议要开。I have a meeting _ _.（3）他有问题要问。He has a question _ _.（4）我有事情告诉你。I have something _ _ you.to read to attend to ask to tell六、动词不定式作状语：（1）他去看他的妈妈。（目的状语）He goes _ _ his mother.（2）他太小以致不能上学。（结果状语）He is _ young _ go to school.（3）我够高以致可以摘下树上的苹果。（结果状语I am tall _ _ pick the apple.（4）他停下来和我谈话。（目的状语）He stopped _ _ to me.to see too to enough to to talk典型考题()1.We are not sure _.(98广东中考）A.when to leave B.when leave C.when leaves()2.John knows _ a computer.（99广东中考题）A.how to use B.how use C.how uses()3.He went _ his sister yesterday.（2000广东中考题）A.and see B.saw C.to see()4.He is not sure _.（2000广东中考题）A.when leaves B.when leave C.when to leave()5.The teacher often tells Tim _ to much time playing.A.not to spend B.to not spend C.doesnt spend()6.What do you want _ next Sunday?A.do B.to do C.will do()7.They decides _ part in the party last Sunday.A.to take B.take C.will take()8.Jim,remember _ your raincoat here tomorrow.A.to bring B.bring C.will bring()9.I want _ a scientist when I grow up.A.am B.to be C.be()10.Please remember _ the door when you leave the room.A.to lock B.locking C.lock()11.Do you know when _ to the farm?A.go B.to go C.going()12He told them _ a plane with wood and metal.A.how to make B.to make how C.to how make()13.She didnt know _ at the meeting yesterday.A.what to say B.what said C.to say what()14.The question is how _ to the top of the mountain.A.to get B.getting C.get()15.You must be hungry.Ill get you something _.A.eat B.to eat C.eating()16.Its good _ others when they are in trouble.A.to help B.help C.helping()17.Its best _ warm clothes when you go out.A.wear B.to wear C.wearing()18.It took us three hours _ this work.A.to finish B.finish C.finishing()19.Its time for us _ to school.A.to go B.go C.going()20.Its very kind of you _ me the news.A.to tell B.tell C.telling