高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳.doc

高考英语语法填空与短文改错知识点归纳
一、名词的数
语法填空
1. 〔2017 全国 I 卷 62〕 This trend, ... , has had some unintended side
62 〔effect〕 such as overweight and heart disease—the very thing the

解析：effects表示“一些意料外的副作用”，故用复数.
2. 〔2017 全国 II 卷 61〕 It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed
people to avoid terrible 61 〔crowd〕 on the roads...
解析：crowds避免拥挤的人群.
3. 〔2017 全国III卷 67〕 She has turned down several 67 〔invitation〕
to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.
解析：invitations由前面的several可知，要用复数形式.
短文改错
1. 〔2017 全国 I 卷〕The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” Turn left!”
解析：word-*words后面有并列的三句话，故word用复数words.
2. 〔2017 全国 II 卷〕Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.
解析：informations-information因information是不可数名词，没有复数
形式.
二、代词
阅读理解
Some of the world’s most famous musicians recently gathered in Paris and New Orleans to celebrate the first annual International Jazz Day...
Despite the celebrations, though, in the U. S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations.
It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. As the Kennedy Center’s artistic adviser for jazz, Moran hopes to widen the audience for jazz, make the music more accessible, and preserve its history and culture.
29. What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.
B. The production of jazz growing faster.
C. Jazz being less popular with the young.
D.
解析：指代前句中即前一段的最后一句中的the music has failed to connect 6

with younger generations,比较各选项，只有C正确.
语法填空
〔2017 全国 II 卷 67〕 However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25,000 people were using 67 every day.
解析：it指代前句中的the railway.
短文改错
1. 〔2017 全国 II 卷〕Mr. and Mrs. Zhang all work in our school.
解析：all-*both考查代词.因Mr. and Mrs. Zhang是两个人，而all是指 三者或三者以上的“都”，故改all为表示两者“都”的both.
2. 〔2017 全国 III 卷〕This picture often brings back to me many happy memories of your high school days.
解析：you—my是“我的”照片，应是“我的”学生时代回忆美好的事.
〔P171 第二组第二篇〕1 can climb the hills. All this will be interesting and
good for your health. Above all, I can learn more about nature.
解析〔P55〕: your—my由语境可知，应是对“我的”身体有益.
三、冠词 语法填空
1. 〔2017 全国 I 卷 65〕 As 65 result, people will eat more food to try
to make up for that something missing.
解析：a因as a result固定短语.
2. 〔2017 全国III卷 62〕 Instead, she is earning £6,500 a day as 62
model in New York.
解析：a表示职业的单数可数名词前通常加不定冠词.
3. 〔2017 全国 II 卷 64〕 This included digging up the road, laying the track and
then building a strong roof over 64 top.
解析：the特指这条路的 短文改错
1. 〔2017 全国 1 卷〕I still remember how hard A first day was.
解析：在first前加the或my在序数词前要用定冠词the，在本文语境里，
也可用my,表示“我学习驾驶的第一天”.
2. 〔2017 全国 II 卷〕They live far from the school, and it takes them about a hour and a half to go to work every day.
解析：a改成an /one 因half是以元音音素开头的，表示数量“一”，要用an 或 one.
3. 〔2017 全国III卷〕Around me in A picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time
解析：在picture前加the或this特指上面提到的这张照片.
四、 介词
语法填空
1. 〔2017 全国 I 卷 61〕 This trend, which was started by the medical
〔医学界〕 61 a method of fighting heart disease, has had some
unintended side effects such as overweight and heart disease...
解析：as表示“作为” 一种方法.
2. 〔2017 全国 II 卷 62〕 ... and allowed people to avoid terrible crowds on the
roads above as they travelled to and 62 work.
解析：from因是固定搭配，表示“往返，来回”，to and from work意为 “上下班”.
3. 〔2017 全国III卷 68〕 After school she plans to take a year off to model
full-time before going to university to get a degree 68 engineering or
architecture.
解析：in表示“某方面的学位”用介词in.又如：take /get a degree in law 获得法律学位.
短文改错
1. 〔2017 全国 I 卷]0〕 It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.
解析：on-*of考查介词.表示“在y…的中间”是in the middle of.
2. 〔2017 全国 II 卷 6〕 They have also bought for some gardening tools.
解析：for考查介词.因buy是及物动词，表示买某物，其后直接接宾语.
3. 〔2017 全国III卷 1〕 When I look at this picture of myself I realize of how fast time flies.
解析：删除realize后的of因realize是及物动词，后直接接宾语从句， 不再用介词of，故删除.
五、 并列连词
短文改错
1. 〔2017 全国 I 卷〕Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.
解析：so-*but /yet考查并列连词.前后是转折关系.
2. 〔2017 全国III卷〕I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.
解析：and—but 因 not only... but also 是固定搭配.
六从句连词
定语从句
语法填空
1. 〔2017 全国 I 卷 70〕 Having enough fat and salt in your meals will reduce the urge to snack〔口乞;between meals and will improve the taste of your food...
Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, 70 is not good for
the health.
解析：which引导非限制性定语从句用which.
2. 〔2017 全国III卷 64〕 But Sarah, 64 has taken part in shows along
with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
解析：who因谓语动词是后面的want,所以两个逗号之间是一个定语从 句，先行词是人又在从句中作主语，故填who.
短文改错
1. 〔2017 全国 II 卷〕In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.
解析：tha卜which考^从句连词.引导非限制性定语从句不能用that，先 行词garden是物，用which.
2. 〔2017 全国III卷〕Around me in the picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time...
解析：they-*that/which引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是物， 应用 that 或 which.
七、谓语动词 时态
语法填空
1. 〔2017 全国 I 卷 67〕 Even worse, the amount of fast food that people eat
goes up. Fast food 67 〔be〕 full of fat and salt.
解析：is主第M称单词，由上下文可知用一般现在时，故填is.
2. 〔2017 全国 II 卷 68〕 Later, engineers 68 〔manage〕 to construct
railways in a system of deep tunnels 〔隧道〕which became known as the Tube. This development was only possible...
解析：managed这是谓语动词，根据上下文谓语动词的时态可知，也用 一般过去时.
3. 〔2017 全国III卷 69〕 My dad thinks I should take the offer now. But at that
moment, school 69
modeling.
解析：由上下文的时态可知，用一般现在时.
短文改错
〔2017 全国 I 卷 4〕 Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor’s orders, but once I started the car, my mind goes blank.
解析：goes---went上下文均为一般过去时.
〔2017 全国 II 卷 9〕 When summer came, they will invite their students.
解析：主句谓语动词will invite是一般将来吋，从句应用一
般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填.
〔2017 全国 III卷 2〕 I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.
解析：had-*have因in the past few years常与现在完成时连用，故改had 为 have.
〔2017 全国III卷 5〕 I entered my second year of high school and a new member of the school music club.
解析：由 and 可知，应与前面的 entered—致， 又由从句谓语was可知，用一般过去时.
语态
语法填空
1. 〔2017 全国 I 卷 64〕 Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are
required to process the food that we eat... When fat and salt 64 〔remove〕
from food, the food tastes as if it is missing something.
解析：are removed表示“被移除”，上下文为现在时.
2. 〔2017 全国 II 卷 65〕 Steam engines 65 〔use〕 to pull the carriages
and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers... However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success...
解析：were used因与是被动关系，又是过去的动作，故用一般过去时的 被动语态，主语是复数，填were used.
3. 〔2017全国III卷 63〕 Sarah 63 〔tell〕 that she could be Britain’s new
supermodel, earning a million dollars in the next year. Her father Peter, 44, wants her to give up school...
解析：has been told /was told由tell sb sth可知要用被动语态，由语境可知， 应是“己有人告诉她”或“曾有人告诉她”，故用现在完成时或一般过去时的 被动语态.
短文改错
〔2017 全国 III卷〕About one month after this photo was took，I entered my second year of high school...
解析：took-*taken这是被动语态，应是was加take的过去分词，而take 的过去分词是taken，故took改为taken.
七、非谓语动词 语法填空
1. 〔2017 全国 I 卷 63〕 Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are
required 63 〔process〕 the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for
several other bodily functions.
解析：to process由require sb to do sth可知，用不定式作主补.
2. 〔2017 全国III卷 65〕 But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top
models, wants 65 〔prove〕 that she has brains as well as beauty.
解析：to improve 由 want to do sth.可知.
3. 〔2017 全国 I 卷 68〕 Fast food is full of fat and salt; by 68 〔eat〕
more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.
解析：eating在介词后作宾语要用动名词.
4. 〔2017 全国 II 卷 63〕 This included digging up the road, 63 〔lay〕
the track and then building a strong roof...
解析：laying与前面的digging及后面的and then building为并列关系， —起作included的宾语；根据“并列一致”可知，也应用-ing形式，故填laying 〔铺〕.
5. 〔2017 全国III卷 61〕But unlike her school friends, 16-year-old Sarah is not
spending half-term 61 〔rest〕.
解析：resting 由 spend... doing sth.可知.
短文改错
〔2017 全国 II 卷 10〕
解析：在pick前加to考查非谓语动词.由invite sb to do sth可知.
八、词类转换 语法填空
1. 〔2017 全国 II 卷 69〕 This development was only possible with the
69 〔introduce〕 of electric-powered engines and lifts.
解析：introduction作介词的宾语要用名词或者在冠词the后要名词，表 示“采用，引入”，故填introductiono
2. 〔2017 全国III卷 66〕 She is determined to carry on with her 66
〔educate〕.
解析：education作介词的宾语或在形容词性物主代词后，要用名词.
3. 〔2017 全国 1 卷 69〕 However, be 69 〔care〕 not to go to extremes.
解析：careful作表语要用形容词厂
4. 〔2017 全国 II 卷 70〕 The Central London Railway was one of the most
70 〔success〕 of these new lines...
解析：successful因the most successful为形容词的最高级，后面省略了名 词 lines o
5. 〔2017 全国III卷 70〕 It is 70 〔certain〕 fun but the lifestyle is a little
unreal.
解析：certainly修饰动词用副词，意为：这“当然是”有趣的事.
6. 〔2017 全国 II 卷 66〕 Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it
must have been 66 〔fair〕 unpleasant for the passengers, with all the
smoke and noise.
解析：fairly修饰形容词unpleasant，表示“相当地”，用副词fairly.
短文改错*
1. 〔2017 全国 I 卷〕It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle of the road.
解析：suddenly-*sudden考查词类转换.在名词前作定语要用形容词.
2. 〔2017 全国III 卷〕I enjoyed studying difference kinds of cars and planes...
解析：difference—different在名词前作定语要用形容词.
八、比较等级 语法填空
〔2017 全国 I 卷 66〕 Even 66 〔bad〕, the amount of fast food that
people eat goes up.
解析：worse表示比这“更糟糕的是”.
短文改错
1. 〔2017 全国 I 卷〕A few minutes late，the instructor asked me to stop the car.
解析：late—later考查比较等级.表示“多久以后”，是“时间段+later”.
2. 〔2017 全国 II 卷〕They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. 解析：earlier-early考查比较等级.当没有比较对象时，用原级.
3. 〔2017 全国III卷〕I enjoyed studying different kinds of cars and planes, playing pop music, and collecting the late music albums.
解析：late — latest指“最新的”音乐集唱片，故用最高级.
九、序数词
〔2017 全国 I 卷 1〕 In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons.
解析:eighteen---eighteenth考查数词.表示“第十八”岁生日，要用序 数词.
十、祈使句
〔2017 全国 I 卷〕The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “Turning left!”
解析：Tuming---Tum考查祈使句.祈使句以动词原形开头.
十一、其他
〔2017 全国 I 卷 7〕 I was^o much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left.
解析：删除so后的much考查much的用法.因much不能修饰形容词的 原级.
〔2017 全国 II 卷 7〕 Beside, they often get some useful information...
解析：Beside-*Besides考类转换.因beside是介词，意为“在 的旁
边”；besides可作副词，表示“此外，而且”.
分词形容词的区别
〔2017 全国 II 卷〕In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden...
解析：interesting-*interested考查分词形容词的区别.表示人“对 感
兴趣的”，用-ed形式；表示某事物是“令人感兴趣的”用-ing形式.

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