高考语法Havehashad及完成时态讲解及练习.doc

高考语法Havehashad及完成时态讲解及练习
A dog  four legs. A bird  two legs. Our school       a library.
We      37 chairs in our classroom. My sister     a nice toy car.
You   two small eyes. My sister       an apple.
My dog   one eye only. Cats   four legs. Dogs   two ears.
Everybody _____ a dream. Everything _____ its time.
They each _____ a book. Each of them _____ a book.
Do you a bike ? Do they any salt ? Does he a bike ?
Does a rabbit four legs ? I don’t any rice . We don’t any salt .
He doesn’t have a pen . 4. She doesn’t have any envelopes
ü 在肯定句中，主语是〔I, we, they〕时用have，主语是第三人称单数he, she, it 时用has
ü 在疑问句和否定句中无论什么人称作主语，都用have.
ü Something, everything等做主语时用has.Each of加名词做主语时用has.
ü 复数主语开头加each，如they each仍旧用have.
ü had 是has和have的过去式.
u 用法：
1、has have had也可以作为一般动词，意为“拥有”“进行”“吃”“使得”“让”等.如果后接不定式，意为“不得不”.例如：
a〕 He has a good pen. 他有一支好笔.
b〕 We have supper at 6:00. 我们六点钟吃晚饭.
c〕 I had my hair cut yesterday. 我昨天理了发.〔我让我的头发被剪了，昨天〕
d〕 I have to leave now. 我得走了.“have to do sth必需做某事，不得不”

e〕 Can I have a toy? 我可以要一个玩具吗？
2、如何变疑问句？一般现在时时,借助助动词do/does.现在完成时时,则直接将have/has提到句首.例如：
He has big eyes. -- Does he have big eyes?
He has finished his homework. -- Has he finished his homework?
3、后接过去分词，构成现在和过去完成、完成进行时.例如：
a〕 He has gone to Beijing. 他已经到北京去了.
b〕 I have been a teacher since then. 从那时起我就一直当教师.
c〕 They had left when I got there. 我到那里的时候，他们已经走了.
d〕 He has been working hard since early morning. 丛一大早他就一直在下劲干活.

时态问题
〔1〕一般现在时〔A表示当前的状态；B表示当前一段时间内经常反复发生的动作；C客观真理.〕
〔2〕一般过去时〔A表示过去某段时间的状态；B表示过去某段经常反复发生的动作〕
〔3〕一般将来时〔A将来某段时间内的状态；B表示将来某段时间内经常反复的动作〕
〔4〕现在进行时〔表示说话当前正在进行或者刚刚完成的动作〕
〔5〕过去进行时〔表示在过去的某段时间内正在进行的动作或者状态〕
〔6〕过去将来时〔以过去某点为基础，表示在其后将要发生的动作或者状态〕
〔7〕将来进行时〔表示将来的某个或段时间内正在进行的动作或状态〕
〔8〕现在完成时〔表示已经发生的动作对说话现在有影响或结果〕
〔9〕过去完成时〔表示已经发生的动作对过去的某个点有影响或结果〕
〔10〕现在完成进行时〔表示从过去的某个点起到现在一直在进行并对现在有影响和结果的动作〕

A. 现在完成时：have / has done
〔一〕意义
1. 表示经历或动作的结果，强调这个动作对现在造成的结果或产生的影响
I have turned off the radio, so you can sleep quietly.
He has recovered from his illness. He is playing football now.
例题：⑴ — I’d love to, but something unexpected _______.
A. has
⑵—I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
—Sorry, I myself clear. We want to return on October 20.

A. hadn't made B. wouldn't make C. don't make D. haven't made
注意：如果动作被说明在某个具体时间发生，则必须用一般过去时
I saw the film yesterday.
例题：⑴ Judy is going to marry the sailor she _____in Rome last year.
A. meets B. met C. has met D. would meet
⑵ The year 2010_____remarkable changes in Shanghai’s landscape.
A. sees B. has seen C. saw D. had seen
2. 和for, since, how long连用表示持续到现在的动作或状态.在肯定句中，使用的动词为延续性动词.
He has here for three days.
been
His father has died for 20 years.
been dead
They have married for two years.
been married
He has left home for three months.
been away from
例题：⑴—How are you today ?
—Oh, I ______ as ill as I do now for a very long time.
A. didn’t feel B. wasn’t feeling C. don’t feel D. haven’t felt
⑵ —How long ________ at this job?
—Since 1990.
A. were you employed B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed D. will you be employed
注意：并非所for 和how long引导的句子都得用完成时，如果动作已经结束就用一般过去时
Glad to see you back. How long did you stay in the wonderland of Yunnan?
例题：⑴ Mr Robert, who is said to have returned to London with his family, _____at Beijing University for eight years.
A. has been teaching B. was teaching C. taught D. have taught
⑵ —Where have you been recently?
—I ______in Beijing on business for a week last month.
A. have been B. had been C. had gone D. was
⑶ I____ in London for many years, but I’ve never regretted my final decision to move back to China.
A. lived B. was living C. have lived D. had lived
3. 注意区分几个短语：
have been to 去过某地
have gone to 已经去了某地
have been in 在...地方
4. 常见的时间状语：before , already, yet, recently, lately, till now, up to now, so far, ever, once, since, since then, for, in/for/during the past/ last few years
例题：Up to now, the program ________ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved

〔二〕固定句型
1. It is +时间段+since+从句〔过去时〕自从某人做某事多久了
was 〔过去完成时〕
It is five years since I came to work.
改错：
2. It is the first〔second, third...〕time that从句〔现在完成时〕
was 〔过去完成时〕
It is the third time that the boy has been late for school.
例题：This is the first time we ____ a film in the cinema together as a family.
A. see B. had seen C. saw D. have seen
3. 主语+be+最高级所修饰的先行词+that+定语从句〔最好用现在完成时〕
Gangnam Style is the funniest song that I have ever heard.
Twilight is the best vampire movie that I have ever seen.
例题：It is the most instructive lecture that I ________since I came to this school.
A. attended B. had attended C. am attending D. have attended

B.过去完成时：had done
1.常常用来表示发生在过去的两个事件中先发生的那个动作，它是一个相对的时态，不能离开某一过去时间而孤立存在
He told me that he had already seen the film.
When they got to the field, the football match had already started.
例题：⑴ The hotel wasn't particularly good, but I ______in many worse hotels.
A. was staying B. stayed C. would stay D. had stayed
⑵The moment I got home, I found I ______my jacket on the playground.
A. had left B. left C. have left D. was leaving
⑶We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _____each other for years.
A. knew B. have known C. had known D. know
⑷I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers ______before my eyes.
A. swim B. swum C. swam D. had swum
2. 和by, before等词连用
By the end of last month, we had learned 2000 words.
He hadn’t learned any Chinese before he came to China.
例题：By the time Jack returned home from England, his son ______from college.
A. graduated B. has graduated C. had been graduating D. had graduated
3.固定句型
①前三句型同现在完成时〔见前文〕
②hardly/scarcely...when ｝
no sooner...than ｝一...就...
We had hardly got into the room when it began to snow.
We had no sooner sat down than the bell rang.
例题：⑴ He had no sooner finished his speech _____ the students started cheering.
A. since B. as C. when D. than
⑵Hardly had I caught sight of her ____ I recognized her _____ I hadn’t seen her for ages.
A. then; as B. when; since C. before; because D. when; though

C.将来完成时：will have done
表示在将来某个时刻前已经完成的动作，常与by，before或其它时间状语连用
I will have learnt 2000 words by the end of this term.
I hope we will have got everything ready beforeomorrow.
例题：—Could you meet me at the airport ?
—I'd like to, but I _______Beijing when you return.
A. will have left B. was leaving C. will leave D. have left

D.现在完成进行时have + been +现在分词
I have been studying English for ten years.
我一直在学英语，已达十年之久.
E. have+been +过去分词，构成现在完成时被动语态
English has been taught in China for many years.中国教英语已经多年.

【高考真题】
1.〔2010高考英语上海秋季卷,31〕The church tower which ______ will be open to tourists soon. The work is almost finished.
A. has restored B. has been restored C. is restoring D. is being restored
2.〔2010高考英语上海秋季卷,28〕 Every few years, the coal workers ______ their lungs X-rayed to ensure their health.
A. are having B. have C. have had D. had had

-----This is the job that I ______for.
A. looked B. am to look C. had looked D. have been looking
4.〔2010高考英语重庆卷,29〕The palace caught fire three times in the last century, and little of the original building _______now.
A. remains B. is remained C. is remaining D. has been remained
5.〔2010高考英语重庆卷,24〕The book has been translated into thirty languages since it ______on the market in 1973.
A. had C. came
6.〔2010高考英语浙江卷,15〕For many years, people ______ electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted.
A．had dreamed of B．have dreamed of C．dreamed of D．dream of
7.〔2010高考英语浙江卷,5〕If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring, you ______ fresh watermelon in the fall.
A．eat B．would eat C．have eaten D．will be eating
8.〔2010高考英语天津卷,10〕Traditional folk arts of Tianjin like paper cutting______ at the culture show of the 2010 Shanghai World Expo.
A. are exhibiting B. is exhibiting C. are being exhibited D. is being exhibited
9.〔2010高考英语天津卷,4〕We ______on this project for four hours. Le t’s have a rest.
A. are working B. have been working C. worked D. had worked
10.〔2010高考英语四川卷,18〕You’ve failed to do what you ______ to and I’m afraid the teacher will blame you．
A．will expect B．will be expected C．expected D．were expected
11.〔2010高考英语四川卷,16〕一When shall we restart our business?
一Not until we our plan．
A．will finish B．are finishing C．are to finish D．have finished
12.〔2010高考英语上海春季卷,30〕The employees ______ that they should renew their contracts within a week.
A．advise B．have advised C．are advised D．had been advised
13.〔2010高考英语上海春季卷,29〕We ______on our project day a nd night in the past two weeks.
A．had worked B．have worked C．will be working D．has been advised
14.〔2010高考英语陕西卷,24〕It is reported that many a new house ______ at present in the disaster area.
A. are being built B. were being built C. was being built D. is being built
15.〔2010高考英语陕西卷,21〕I have to see the doctor because I ______ a lot lately.
A. have been coughing B. had coughed C. coughed D. cough
16.〔2010高考英语山东卷,30〕Up to now, the program ______ thousands of children who would otherwise have died.
A. would save B. saves C. had saved D. has saved
17.〔2010高考英语辽宁卷,30〕I ______ all the cooking for my family, but recently I’ve been too busy to do it.
A．will do B．do C．am doing D．had done
18.〔2010高考英语辽宁卷,24〕Joseph ______to evening classes since last month, but he still can’t say “What’s your name?” in Russian.
A．has been going B．went C．goes D．has gone
19.〔2010高考英语江西卷,30〕Mother wanted to be a good provider, a role she______ since her marriage to Father.
A shoulders B shouldered C is shouldering D has been shouldering
20.〔2010高考英语江苏卷,33〕---Is everyone here?
---Not yet……Look , there______ the rest of our guests!
A.
21.〔2010高考英语江苏卷,30〕--Peter , where did you guys go for the summer vacation?
----We_______ busy with our work for months, so we went to the beach to relax ourselves.
A. were B. have been C. had been D. will be
22.〔2010高考英语江苏卷,23〕—why, Jack, you look so tired!
---Well, I ______the house and I must finish the work tomorrow.
A. was painting B. will be painting C. have painted D. have been painting
23.〔2010高考英语湖南卷,34〕I'm tired out.. I ______ all afternoon and I don't seem to have finished anything.
A. shopped B. have shopped C. had shopped D. have been shopping
24.〔2010高考英语湖南卷,33〕Liste ning to loud music at rock concerts ______ caused hearing loss in some teenagers.
A. is B. are C. has D. have
25.〔2010高考英语湖南卷,31〕I walked slowly through the market, where people ______ all kinds of fruits and vegetables. I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed.
A. sell B. were selling C. had sold D. have sold
26.〔2010高考英语湖南卷,27〕I was just going to cut my rose bushes but someone______ it. Was it you?
A. has done B. had done C. would do D. will do
27.〔2010高考英语湖南卷,24〕This coastal area ______ a national wildlife reserve last year.
A. was named B. named C. is named D. names
28.〔2010高考英语福建卷,31〕——Guess what ,we’ve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.
——How nice! You ______ a different culture then.
A. will be experiencing B. have experienced C. have been experiencing D. will have experienced
29.〔2010高考英语福建卷,28〕Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the money-making jobs they ______ before leaving their hometowns.
A. promised B. were promised C. have promised D. have been promised
30.〔2010高考英语大纲全国I卷,32〕The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe that a fortune ______.
A. is made B. would make C. was to be made D. had made
31.〔2010高考英语大纲全国I卷,28〕When you are home, give a call to let me know you______ safely.
A. are arriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive
32.〔2010高考英语大纲全国I卷,21〕— Have you finished reading Jane Eyre?
— N0, I ______ my homework all day yesterday.
A. was doing B. would do C. had done D. do
33.〔2010高考英语大纲全国II卷,19〕Excuse me. I ______ I was blocking your way.
A. didn’t realize B. don’t realize C. haven’t realized D. wasn’t realizing
34.〔2010高考英语大纲全国II卷,15〕Linda ，make sure the tables ______ before the guests arrive.
A. be set B. set C. are set D. are setting
35.〔2010高考英语北京卷,28〕It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they ______ for me.
A. had done B. did C. would do D. were doing
36.〔2010高考英语北京卷,26〕--I'm sorry, but I don't quite follow you. Did you say you wanted to return on September 20?
--Sorry, I ______ myself clear. We want to return on Octobe r 20.
A. hadn't made B. wouldn't make C. don't make D. haven't made
37.〔2010高考英语北京卷,24〕--I'm not finished with my din ner yet.
--But our friends ______ for us.
A. will wait B. wait C. have waited D. are waiting
38.〔2010高考英语北京卷,22〕In the spoken English of some areas in the US, the "r" sounds at the end of the words ______.
A. are dropped B. drop C. are being dropped D. have dropped
39..〔2010高考英语安徽卷,34〕一We’ve spent too much money recently．
一Well，it isn’t surprising．Our friends and relatives______ around all the time.
D．have
解析
1.【答案】D【解析】本题考查被动语态.Restore意思为修复，而最后一句表明工程还未完成，因此为正在修复中，答案选D.
2. 【答案】B【解析】本题考查时态.根据时间状语every few years,可判断本句应为一般现在时，因此答案选B.
3. 【答案】D【解析】考查时态.由句意：这就是我一直寻找的工作可知用现在完成进行时，表示从过去某个时刻发生的动作一直持续到现在，并且有可能持续下去.
4. 【答案】A【解析 】考查时态.remain在这儿意思是“剩下，余留”，为不及物动词，整句话是对现在事实的陈述，所以用一般现在时.选 A项.
5.【答案】C【解析】考查时态.since引导的从句作状语时，主句通常用完成时，而从句用一般过去时，所以选C项.
6. 【答案】B【解析】考查动词的时态.从For many years可知，此处谓语动词用完成时态；排除C项和D项；又因后一句用的是现在时态，故排除A项.据此答案应该选B项“现在完成时态”.
7. 【答案】D【解析】本题考查条件句的时态.根据句意：如果你在春天种下西瓜种子，你会在秋天吃到新鲜的西瓜.可以判断这是真实的条件从句，会发生的事情，所以选择will be eating表将来.
8. 【答案】C【解析】考查动词时态与语态.句意为：“像剪纸这样的天津传统民间艺术正在2010年上海世博会文化展上进行展览.”根据句意可知是现在进行时含义，剧中主语时traditional folk arts，是复数形式，谓语动词采用复数形式，主语又表示“物”，具有被动含义，所以选择C.
9. 【答案】 B【解析】考察动词时态.句意为：“我们四个小