高考复习之语法填空专练(七)含解析.doc

高考复习之语法填空专练〔七〕含解析
A
〔20 18·济南5月模拟〕 Woodblock paintings 〔木版画〕 are often hung at homes during the Chinese Lunar New Year.
nce thrown away. __ 1__， these short­lived New Year paintings require a year of hard work by the artists, many of __2__ have devoted their entire life to this traditional folk art.
Yang Luoshu, a 92­year­old man from Weifang City, Shandong Province, is __3__ those who have had a great love of the art. Yang has worked as __4__ craftsman for 77 years, and has kept improving his carving skills with every piece of work.
Yangjiabu New Year woodblock paintings, which Yang has fallen in love with, __5__ 〔appear〕 in the Ming Dynasty. As a national cultural heritage, it is now one of China's three __6__ 〔representative〕 of traditional folk paintings for the New Year, together with Tianjin's Yangliuqing and Suzhou's Taohuawu.
__7__ 〔run〕 a centuries­old folk art family workshop named Tongshunde, Yang has carved all kinds of images, including flowers, birds, mountains, rivers and traditional Chinese gods. But he realizes that something must be changed __8__ 〔make〕 sure handmade New Year paintings live on. “We are now thinking about development, allowing the paintings to be more __9__ 〔create〕，” he said. For him, the next thing to do is to find qualified successors to ensure that the skills __ 10__ 〔pass〕 to younger generations.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文.文章讲述了毕生致力于中国年画的艺术家Yang Luoshu的故事.
1．答案与解析：However　考查副词.根据上文中的“thrown away”和下文中的“require a year of hard work”可知，上下句之间是转折关系，一旦新年结束，这些印刷作品就会被扔掉.然而，这些短寿命的年画却需要艺术家们一年的辛勤工作.故填However.注意首字母大写.
2．答案与解析：whom　考查定语从句.空格处引导定语从句，先行词是“artists”，指人，位于介词of后，应用whom，此处指许多艺术家把一生都献给了这种传统的民间艺术.故填whom.
3．答案与解析：among　考查介词.句意为：Yang Luoshu，一位来自山东省潍坊市的92岁老人，是那些热爱这项艺术的人中的一个.among意为“在……之中”，符合语境.故填among.
4．答案与解析：a　考查冠词.此处指Yang Luoshu作为一名工匠工作了77年.而且craftsman是读音以辅音音素开头的单词.故填a.
5．答案与解析：appeared　考查动词的时态.分析句型结构可知，“which Yang has fallen in love with”是定语从句，修饰先行词“woodblock paintings”，所以此处appear是谓语动词；根据时间状语“in the Ming Dynasty”可知，此处应用一般过去时.故填appeared.
6．答案与解析：representatives　考查名词的复数.根据前面的“one of”可知，此处用名词的复数形式.故填representatives.
7．答案与解析：Running　考查非谓语动词.分析句型结构可知，此处是非谓语动词作状语；因为动词run与其逻辑主语“Yang”之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语.故填Running.注意首字母大写.
8．答案与解析：to make　考查非谓语动词.句意为：但他意识到必须改变一些东西，以确保手工制作的年画继续存在.此处用动词不定式表示目的.故填to make.
9．答案与解析：creative　考查词性转换.根据前面的“more”可知，此处构成形容词的比较级，意为“更有创造性的”.故填creative.
10．答案与解析：will be passed　考查动词的时态和语态.pass这个动作还未发生，所以用一般将来时；又因为动词pass与“the skills”之间是被动关系，所以用一般将来时的被动语态.故填will be passed.
B
〔20 18·石家庄质量检测二〕ting habits, China is a country we must mention. Unlike in the West, __ 1__ everyone has their own plate of food, in China the dishes __2__ 〔place〕 on the table and everybody shares. If you're being treated by a Chinese host, be prepared for a ton of food.
During eating, the host serves food with public chopsticks to guests __3__ 〔show〕 his or her politeness. The appropriate thing to do is to eat the food and say how delicious it is. If you don't like it, you can just say a polite “thank you”， with the food __4__ 〔leave〕 there. But don't stick your chopsticks upright in the rice bowl. If so, it's very impolite __5__ the host and seniors who are present at the table.
At dinner, if half of the fish is eaten up, a guest shouldn't turn the fish over by saying “fan”， which is __6__ Chinese word for “turn over”， which is considered bad luck for __7__ 〔fisherman〕 and their boats. The __8__ 〔separate〕 of the fish bone from the lower half of the flesh is usually done by the host or hostess. This is especially true in southern China.
These tips above will be __9__ 〔extreme〕 useful when you visit China an __ 10__ 〔east〕 country with a long history.
【解题导语】　就餐礼仪因文化不同而不同.本文主要介绍了中国的餐桌文化.
1．答案与解析：where　考查定语从句.空处是关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词the West，同时在从句中作地点状语.
【知识储备】　常见的引导定语从句的关系副词有三个：when，where和why；它们在定语从句中都作状语，分别表示时间、地点和原因.
This is the reason why he was late for school this morning.这就是他今早上学迟到的原因.
2．答案与解析：are placed　考查谓语动词的时态和语态.句子讲述的是客观情况，要用一般现在时；主语the dishes与动词place之间是被动关系，所以要用被动语态.
3．答案与解析：to show　考查非谓语动词.主人上菜给客人，附带有公筷，这是为了表示对客人的礼貌.空处作目的状语，应用动词不定式.
4．答案与解析：left　考查非谓语动词.此处为with复合结构，空处作宾语the food的补足语，并且the food与leave之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以要用过去分词.
5．答案与解析：to　考查介词.be polite/impolite to sb.是固定短语，意思是“对某人礼貌/不礼貌”.
6．答案与解析：the　考查冠词.“fan”就是汉字里表示“翻过来”的意思.此处表示特指，故要用定冠词the.
7．答案与解析：fishermen　考查名词的单复数.fisherman为可数名词，且其前无限定词修饰，故空处应用名词的复数形式.
8．答案与解析：separation　考查名词.空处前面有定冠词the修饰，再结合空后的of可知，空处应填名词.
9．答案与解析：extremely　考查副词.空处修饰后面的形容词useful，作状语，要用副词.
10．答案与解析：eastern　考查形容词.空处作定语，修饰后面的名词country，表示“东方的”，所以要用eastern.

C
〔20 18·山东省高三下学期高考预测〕The famous Peking opera artist Yuan Huiqin hosted two culture talks __ 1__ were called “Charm 〔魅力〕 of Peking Opera” in Stockholm and St. Petersburg last year.
The two sessions, as programs of Chinese Culture Talk, __2__ 〔organize〕 by the Bureau for External Cultural Relations of the Ministry of Culture of China, Chinese embassies and local cultural organizations. __3__ 〔member〕 of Chinese embassies, famous sinologists 〔汉学家〕 and those __4__ 〔show〕 an interest in Peking opera, attended the two culture talks.
The ho5__ 〔patient〕 shared the charm of Peking opera in more than one way.
With the help of the local sinologists, __6__ 〔she〕 talks were translated into Swedish and Russian. These words explored the concepts and artistic characteristics of __7__ 〔tradition〕 Chinese operas, which got audience __8__ 〔experience〕 the distinct charm of Peking opera.
9__ addition, youn 10__ spot the audience tried costumes 〔戏装〕 of Peking opera with great curiosity.
【解题导语】　本文属于说明文.京剧名家袁慧琴在瑞典的斯德哥尔摩和俄罗斯的圣彼得堡主持了两场京剧文化交流活动.
1．答案与解析：which/that　考查定语从句.空处引导定语从句，先行词是talks，空处在从句中作主语，故用which或that.
2．答案与解析：were organized　考查时态和语态.此处讲述的是过去的动作，应用一般过去时；主语是The two sessions与organize是被动关系，故应用被动语态.
【易错分析】　本题容易做错，考生可能由于没看懂句子结构而将空处作为非谓语动词处理，或者由于没看清主语是谁而误填was organized.
3．答案与解析：Members　考查名词的单复数.根据本句中的of Chinese embassies可知，应用member的复数形式.
4．答案与解析：showing　考查非谓语动词.空处是非谓语动词作后置定语，show与those是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用现在分词.
5．答案与解析：patiently　考查副词.此处修饰谓语动词，故用副词.
6．答案与解析：her　考查代词.她的演讲被翻译成瑞典语和俄语.故使用she的形容词性物主代词.
7．答案与解析：traditional　考查形容词.这里使用形容词修饰后面的Chinese operas，表示“传统的中国戏剧”.
8．答案与解析：to experience　考查非谓语动词.get sb. to do sth.表示“使某人做某事”，experience在此作动词用，表示“经历，体验”.
9．答案与解析：In　考查介词.in addition意为“此外，除此之外”，相当于besides.
10．答案与解析：the　考查冠词.on the spot“当场”，是固定搭配，故填the.
D
〔20 18·广州综合测试二〕 Throughout history, people have thought of the ocean as a diverse and limitless source of food. Yet today there is clear evidence that the ocean has a limit. Most of the big fish in our ocean are now __ 1__ 〔go〕. One major cause is overfishing. People are taking so many fish from the sea that many species cannot replace __2__ 〔they〕．
e world became interested __3__ consuming protein­rich foods. People began __45__ 〔great〕 reduced the number of large predatory fish, such as cod and tuna.
Today, there are still plenty of fish in the sea, __6__ they're mostly just the little ones. Small fish, __7 include sardines and anchovies, have more than doubled in number — largely because there are not enough big fish __8__ 〔eat〕 them.
Such large fish __9 10__ 〔difficult〕 such as pollution, environmental change, or changes in the food supply.
【解题导语】　本文主要介绍了海洋中大鱼数量减少的原因以及由此而造成的后果.
1．答案与解析：gone　考查词形转换.分析句子结构可知，空处作表语，故填形容词gone，意为“不在了，不见了”.注意：此处非被动的含义.
【知识储备】　过去分词和被动形式的区别在于，过去分词表示状态，而被动形式则强调动作.
2．答案与解析：themselves　考查代词.根据该从句的主语为many species可知，此处应用其反身代词，表示“自我替换”.
3．答案与解析：in　考查介词.n意为“对……感兴趣”，为固定用法，故用介词in.
4．答案与解析：catching　考查非谓语动词.begin doing/to do sth.意为“开始做某事”，是固定用法，又由句中的“and selling”可知，此处与selling是并列关系，形式应相同，故填catching.
5．答案与解析：greatly　考查副词.修饰动词一般用副词，故用副词greatly修饰动词reduced，在句中作状语.
6．答案与解析：but　考查连词.根据语境可知，此处表示转折，故用连词but.
7．答案与解析：which　考查定语从句.分析句子结构并根据语境可知，此处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰先行词Small fish，故用which.
8．答案与解析：to eat　考查非谓语动词.enough... to do sth. 意为“足够的……去做……”，为固定用法，故用不定式.
9．答案与解析：are　考查主谓一致.根据本句中的they可知，Such large fish表示复数概念，故谓语动词用复数.
10．答案与解析：difficulties　考查词形转换.根据语境中所列举的各种困难可知，此处用名词的复数形式表种类，故用difficulties.
E
〔20 18·长春市质量监测一〕 The annual Ice and Snow Sculpture Festival is Harbin's main tourist highlight. It is the world's biggest winter festival. The __ 1__ 〔bitter〕 cold winters are just right for this festival.
__2__ sets the Harbin festival apart is the scale and size of the sculptures and the __3__ 〔beauty〕 lighting. It is bigger than __4__ ones in Sapporo, Norway, and Quebec.
At first, mainly the Chinese __567__ 〔grow〕. The works making up these exhibits are astonishing, and their size and beauty are amazing.
The lighting __8
Officially, the festival __9__ 〔hold〕 from the end of December through February. Opening dates keep changing, and ending dates partly depend __ 10__ the weather.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文，介绍了哈尔滨冰雕节的发展和现状.
1．答案与解析：bitterly　考查副词.空处修饰形容词cold所以要用副词.bitterly cold“极其寒冷的”.
2．答案与解析：What　考查主语从句.分析句子结构可知，空处引导主语从句，指“……的东西”，故填What.
3．答案与解析：beautiful　考查形容词.根据句意可知，此处的lighting是名词，意为“灯光”，所以要用形容词来修饰.
4．答案与解析：the　考查冠词.空后的ones指festivals，后面给出了具体的地点，故空处表特指，应填定冠词the.
5．答案与解析：participated　考查时态.空处所填词在句中作谓语，根据时间状语At first可知，此处描述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时.
6．答案与解析：n　考查名词.空处与前面的名词festival并列，故填所给词的名词形式.
7．答案与解析：growing　考查非谓语动词.keep 〔on〕 doing sth.是固定用法，表示“继续做某事”，故填growing.
8．答案与解析：effects　考查名词.effect在此处意为“效果”，根据后面的谓语动词are可知，空处要用名词复数.
9．答案与解析：is held　考查时态和语态.此处描述的是现在的客观情况，故用一般现在时；the festival与hold之间是被动关系，故用被动语态.
10．答案与解析：on/upon　考查介词.depend on/upon意为“取决于”是固定搭配.
F
〔20 18·银川检测〕 Rajesh Naik __ 1__ 〔transform〕 120 acres of wasteland into an organic farm, providing an __2__ 〔inspire〕 example of the efforts to create a large lake.
“3__ hard rock structures make it difficult to hold water. People thought it was impossible to farm this land and __4__ I was throwing away my career. However, I was determined to work on developing the water resources in the area，” says Rajesh.
It took a lot of financial resources and time __5__ 〔create〕 the lake, which is enough to irrigate 〔灌溉〕 the whole farm. This has not only encouraged plant __6__ 〔grow〕 in the area, but also helped in increasing the water table 〔地下水位〕 in the surrounding areas __7__ the farm. Besides growing fruit and vegetables, Rajesh has also started a dairy farm that has __8__ 〔many〕 than 200 cows.
“If this model __9__ 〔carry〕 out in every part of the country, the whole country will be able to solve its water problems and have agriculture __ 10__ 〔total〕 based on organic farming. What is important is the will of people and the support from the government，” says Rajesh.
【解题导语】　本文是一篇记叙文.主要介绍了Rajesh Naik把 120英亩的荒地变成了有机农场的过程及其对未来的期望.
1．答案与解析：has transformed　考查动词的时态.根据下文中的“providing an __2__ 〔inspire〕 example of the efforts to create a large lake”可知，此处为过去发生的事情对现在造成的影响，所以用现在完成时，即Rajesh Naik已经把 120英亩的荒地变成了一个有机农场.
2．答案与解析：inspiring　考查非谓语动词.为创造一个大型湖泊的努力提供了一个鼓舞人心的例子.根据语境可知，此处用现在分词作定语，意为“鼓舞人心的”.
3．答案与解析：where　考查定语从句.坚硬的岩石结构使其难以蓄水.分析句子结构可知此处为定语从句，且从句中不缺少主语或宾语，又根据语境可知用where引导定语从句在从句中作地点状语.
4．答案与解析：that　考查连接词.人们认为耕种这片土地是不可能的，我正在浪费我的事业，分析句子结构可知此处为宾语从句，若动词后有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，第二个和后面几个从句的that不能省略，所以此处应填that.
5．答案与解析：to create　考查非谓语动词.建成这个湖需要花费大量的财政资源和时间，此处it takes 〔sb.〕＋时间/金钱＋to do sth.为固定结构，其中动词不定式为真正的主语.
6．答案与解析：growth　考查名词.这不仅促进了该地区植物的生长，而且也提高了农场周边地区的地下水位.根据语境可知此处用名词growth意为“生长”.
7．答案与解析：of　考查介词.参见上题解析.根据语境可知the farm与the surrounding areas为所属关系，所以用of所有格.
8．答案与解析：more　考查形容词比较级.Rajesh还创办了一个有200多头奶牛的牛奶场.此处more than意为“超过”，为固定结构.
9．答案与解析：is carried　考查动词的时态及语态.根据语境可知，此处主语model与动词carry之间为被动关系；空处所在句描述的是将来的情况，又因为在含有条件状语从句的复合句中，从句应用一般现在时代替一般将来时，故此处用一般现在时的被动语态.
10．答案与解析：totally　考查副词.此处修饰动词短语based on，用副词.

9 / 9