学士学位论文—-the-conqueror-who-had-been-conquered-by-the-conquered--希腊罗马文化英语论文.doc

The Conqueror Who had been conquered by the Conquered

I. Abstract
Maybe everyone will know a saying: the conqueror had been conquered by the failure that is conquered. In this paper I will describe the difference between Roman and Greek culture to explain that Rome conquered Greece by war, but Rome was conquered by Greek culture. There is a saying in this world: Rome was not built in a day. It aims to tell us that we have to take long time whatever we want to do. But how many people know that this saying has a small mistake. In fact, Roma was built in a day. Archaeologists found a reel what is signed by Caesar and an Ancient Babylon construction company. This reel is a contract what is about Rome. The Ancient Babylon construction company claimed that if they could not build Roma in a day, Caesar would beheading them and feed them to the lions. Archaeologists hold the opinion that this contract is effective because they do not find any mark that the head was bitten by lions. Not only the city, but also the Roman civilization was built for a short time. We know that the Greece was destroyed by Rome but the origin of Roman civilization is from Greece. So Roman did not develop their civilization, opposite, they inherited the culture from Greece. It likes the saying: built in a day.
The most direct relationship what we can find between two civilizations is the language and characters. It is easy to know that the origin of the Greek alphabet is Phoenician alphabet. The official language of Rome is Latin. And the relationship between Greek and Latin is like distant relative. Mythology and civilization is based on words and alphabet. We can find the common grounds from the words and alphabet so we could find the common grounds on the culture like mythology.
Finally, I want to say, Rome is a conqueror and Greece is conquered. But on the civilization, Rome was conquered by Greece. Whatever the language, alphabet, mythology, especially art, Rome inherited and studied Greek civilization. Maybe Greek should not hate the Roman, because Rome promotes the culture used another way and make the civilization continuation.
II. Introduction
First is the title: the conqueror had been conquered by the failure that is conquered. Maybe everyone knows the sentence, but most of us do not know the means about it. According to the common understanding, when a conqueror nation conquerors a country, it may be conquered by the culture of failure. In this easy, firstly, I will discuss a question: whether Roma was built in day. Archaeologists found a reel what about building Rome. The time limit in the reel is one day. Then I will write that Rome inherited something from Greece. Roman did not compile the myth and religion, instead of they use the simplest way: inherited from Greece. Thirdly I will describe the relationship between Latin and Greece. The most direct relationship what we can find between two civilizations is the language and characters. Then I will discuss the similar mythology and art between Rome and Greece. The two parts are the greatest way to contrast the same point between two kinds of culture. Next part is the advanced military and politics. There is a saying in China: Indigo blue is extract from the indigo plant, but is bluer than the plant it comes from. Rome as a student, in some sides the Rome surpassed his teacher Greece. The most obvious two points are military and politics. Roman army conquered the Mediterranean Sea; Roman twelve table method is famous in the world. Finally I will explain reason of the similar civilization. Someone will ask the question why the culture between Rome and Greece is so similar. So in the last part I will solve the question in my opinion.
Tables and Contents
I. Abstract·························································2
II. Introduction·····················································3
III. The City Was Built in a Day·······································5
3.1 The evidence about the Rome was built in a day·························5
3.2 The culture appear quickly··········································5
IV. The Culture What Was Inherited From Greece························5
4.1 Roman empire did not have the unified civilization·······················5
4.2. The Relationship between Latin and Greece····························6
4.3 Similar Mythology and Art··········································6
4.4 Reason of the Similar Civilization····································7
V. The Student Surpassed His Teacher··································7
5.1 Military Science···················································7
5.2 Political System··················································8
5.2.1 Greek Political System···········································8
5.2.2 Roman Political System··········································8
5.3 Legal system·····················································9
5.3.1 Greek Legal system··············································9
5.3.2 Roman Legal system·············································9
VI Conclusion·····················································10
VII. Reference·····················································11

III. The City Was Built in a Day.
3.1 The evidence about the Rome was built in a day.
There is a saying in this world: Rome was not built in a day. It aims to tell us that we need to take long time whatever we want to do. But there is few people know that this saying has a small mistake. In fact, Roma was built in a day, faster than people have realized. Archaeologists found a reel what is signed by Caesar and an Ancient Babylon construction company. This reel is a contract what is about Rome city. The Ancient Babylon construction company claimed that they would build the Rome just ono day; if they could not build Roma in a day, Caesar would beheading them and feed them to the lions. Archaeologists hold the opinion that this contract is effective because they do not find any mark that the head was bitted by lions. Now archaeologists are using carbon-14 to appraisal the age of this reel.
3.2 The culture appear quickly
We cannot imagine that the grand city was built in a day. The road, the Colosseum and the pantheon is so grand that we cannot understand they were built so quickly. But now we also do not have enough evidence to prove the guess. We do not know how much time they take to build Rome, in any case Roman culture appears is an indisputable fact. From the history records, Roman civilization (including myth and religion) appear between 200 BC and 100 BC. Maybe someone will think that one hundred years is to long too do many things. But just one hundred years is not enough to build a civilization, even including the myth and religion.
IV. The Culture What Was Inherited From Greece
4.1 Roman empire did not have the unified civilization
Not only the city, but also the Roman civilization was built for a short time. Before the empire Rome is an inhabited land what is combined by many tribes. According to the common sense, different tribes always have different culture. Maybe they have the unified communication mode, but it was impossible that they have the unified language and civilization. We know that the Greece was destroyed by Rome but the origin of Roman civilization is from Greece. So Roman did not develop their civilization, opposite, they inherited the culture from Greece.
4.2. The Relationship between Latin and Greece
The most direct relationship what we can find between two civilizations is the language and characters. It is easy to know that the origin of the Greek alphabet is Phoenician alphabet. The official language of Rome is Latin. And the relationship between Greek and Latin is like distant relative. I give an example: in Greece, the number 5 is written by “Πέντε”, in Latin, the number 5 was written by “V”, it use a symbol from Greece. There are many differences but we can also find the common grounds. For instance, the pronunciation and shape will be a good example. If we observe it carefully enough, we can find that Greek is more complex than the Latin. But anyway they look a bit like. On the other hand, the pronunciation of fundamental Latin words is from the pronunciation of Greece. Roman are so smart but they are so lazy. They did not wasted much time to create a language; instead of they used the Greece character as the foundation.
4.3 Similar Mythology and Art.
Mythology and civilization is based on words and alphabet. We can find the common grounds from the words and alphabet so we could find the common grounds on the culture like mythology. In the Greek mythology, the king of all gods is called Zeus, he controls heaven and uses thunder as a weapon. But in Roman mythology, the king of all gods is called Jupiter. Except name everything is same. We can find many instances. Prometheus is like Zeus, even the Roman were so lazy that they did not change the name. We can see that Rome might just copy and carry. The same gods and the same stories made Rome and Greece became polytheistic.
Expect the alphabet and mythology, art is also a typical sign what represents a country. When Rome occupied the land of Greece as a conqueror, the architects who were from Greece could only gather in the Roman City and they made a contribution to develop Roman architecture. Greek architecture was exquisite, harmonious and artistic. The temple can be seen a great instance. But Roman architecture was grand and powerful like the arena.
4.4 Reason of the Similar Civilization.
Rome and Greece is so similar that we have to consider the reason. First, Roma destroyed Greece and the army took educated Greek back. The Greek culture went to Rome like this. Second, Rome was a belligerent country so that they did not have enough time to think and create. Third, for controlling the country, Rome adopted the strict and checked religion to constrain the polytheistic system. Let’s see the development course of two countries. I will contrast the civilization development course of Rome and Greece. Firstly, Greece experienced the time line: Aegean Era→Grete civilization(Foreign civilization)→Mycenaean civilization(regional power concentration)→Homeric age→The dark ages of Greece(regression of civilization)→Classical antiquity→Slavery country. Next is Roman turn: Etruscan civilization→Kingdom of Rome(regional power concentration) →Era of Republic→Slavery country→Age of Empires. Overall the two civilizations experienced this course: Foreign civilization→Military democracy→Aristocratic centralization→Democracy and tyranny→Democracy era→Aristocratic centralization. The difference is that Roman time line is clarity but Greece is confused.
V. The Student Surpassed His Teacher
5.1 Military Science
Although Rome was conquered by Greek civilization, but in fact Rome is the winner of the battle. If Rome do not have any advantage, it is impossible that it could destroy Greece. In any case Rome is the Conqueror. In some sides the Rome surpassed his teacher Greece. As a country, especially the country called Rome, military cannot be ignored. In Roman army, the basic unit is group. The emergence of the infantry detachment tactics make the fight is reasonable: First, to prevent the weapon is hindered when wave the arms. 2, in order to be able to move quickly they save the space what could allow a group to through. 3, they can change the heavy casualties. 4, the army can face the enemy's move. Let’s observe the Greek army, they equip the giant shield and the basic unit is people. It is doomed that they do not have enough maneuverable and cannot deal with the large battle. The powerful of Roman army cover all at one glance. Rome was a military nation so that the Greece was destroyed by Rome.
5.2 Political System
5.2.1 Greek Political System
“Small territory and population” is a notable feature of Greece. It means that each city is small and its population is limited. Every city state adopts the sovereignty of the people and the direct democracy system. Direct democratic system means that the political sovereignty of the city belongs to his people; citizens are directly involved in the management of the city, rather than through the election of representatives of the parliament to govern the country. Under this system, the majority of the citizens who have the right to enjoy political rights have the highest authority. This kind of democratic system can be implemented only in the narrow and small cities of the country. In general, the ancient Greece has not formed a stable authoritarian system.
5.2.2 Roman Political System
The Republic is the original creation of the Romans. The word “Republic” is derived from the Latin word “res publica”, which means “the cause of the public”. Before the Roman Republic, there had been three forms of political, the monarchy, aristocracy and democracy, but the three forms have some defects. And the Republic of Rome is the product of a mixture of the first three traditions and the balance of the system. The Republic of Rome has created a precedent and principle: the internal power of politics or government must be balanced. The principle of balance of power, which is the first of Rome, has become a common principle in the development of western politics in the future.
5.3 Legal system
5.3.1 Greek Legal system
Greek low is the standard State law. City state of self-sufficiency and closed doctrine must have laws to protect. Therefore, the city also has the law about citizenship, civil rights and obligations. The state law must have the state low including administrative organ and proceedings. It also has the civil law including property, inheritance and contract. The law of the state in Greece maintains the validity of the state system. But the existing research shows that the state law does not have been recorded.
5.3.2 Roman Legal system
In almost parts what is created by intelligence, the Romans were the devout students of Greeks, but in a legal, they are the teacher. In their hands, the law becomes the subject of science firstly. The Roman legal system known as the Roman law, it covers all legal system of the ancient Roman slavery countries throughout the historical period of development, it is the most comprehensive legal system in the ancient world. In the course of the development of Rome civilization, law is the most important part. Twelve copper table methods is the earliest written code in the times of the Republic of Rome, including civil law, the criminal law and the procedure. It provided a ready-made legal form for the later capitalist Europe. Therefore, it has important significance in the history of the code, and it also has a significant difference with the law of the state.
VI. Conclusion
In my paper, I discuss the Rome city was built in a day. And I write the civilization between Rome and Greece. Rome surpasses his teacher