四六级作文评分标准及写作技巧模板.doc

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四、 六级考试作文评分标准
大学英语四、 六级考试作文的目的旨在考核学生英语书面表示的能力。作文考试时间为30分钟, 要求写出不少于120个词的短文。四、 六级考试作文的出题方式有: 命题作文, 看图画或图表作文, 根据所给文章( 英文或中文) 写出文章摘要或大意, 给出关键词作文章。考试的作文内容为社会、 文化或日常生活的一般常识, 不涉及知识面过广、 专业性太强的内容。对作文的要求是: 切题, 文理通顺, 表示正确, 意思连贯, 无重大语言错误。　
　　( 一) 、 作文评分原则
1．CET作文题采用总体评分方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分,而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。
　　2．从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体, 作文应表示题目所规定的内容, 而内容要经过语言来表示。要考虑作文是否切题, 是否充分表示思想, 也要考虑是否用英语清楚而确切地表示思想, 也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。
　　3．避免趋中倾向。该给高分的给高分, 包括满分; 该给低分的给低分, 包括0分, 一名阅卷人员在所阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。
　　( 二) 、 作文评分标准
　　1．本题满分为15分。
　　2．阅卷标准共分五等: 2分、 5分、 8分、 11分及14分。各有标准样卷一至二份。
　　3．阅卷人员根据阅卷标准, 对照样卷评分, 若认为与某一份数( 如8分) 相似, 即定为该分数( 即8分) ; 若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数, 即可加一分( 即9分) 或减一分( 即7分) , 但不得加或减半分。
4．评分标准: 　2分　……条理不清, 思路紊乱, 语言支离破碎或在部分句子均有错误, 且多数为严重错误。　5分……基本切题。表示思想不清楚, 连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。　8分……基本切题。有些地方表示思想不够清楚, 文字勉强连贯; 语言错误相当多, 其中有一些是严重错误。　11分……切题。表示思想清楚, 文字连贯, 但有少量语言错误。　14分……切题。表示思想清楚, 文字通顺, 连贯性好。基本上无语言错误, 仅有个别小错误。　[注: 白卷, 作文与题目毫不相关, 或只有几个孤立的词而无法表示思想, 则给0分。　　
[注: ]
　　1.如题目中给出主题句, 起始句, 结束句, 均不得计入所写字数
　　2.只写一段者: 0~4分; 只写两段者: 0~9分( 指规定三段的作文)
3.长度计分标准: 　　91～100词: 扣1分 　　81～90词: 扣2.5分 　　71～80词: 扣4分 　　61～70词: 扣6分 　　60词以下: 扣8分 　　
4.为了便于阅卷人员掌握评分标准, 现将各档作文分相当于百分制的得分, 列表如下, 称为得分率。其中9分的得分率为60( 相当于百分制的60分) 。
作文分　 15　 14　13　 12　11　10　9　8　 7　 6　 5　 4　 3　 2　 1　
得分率　100　94　87　80　74　67　60　 54　47　40　34　27　20　14　7　
　　经原国家教委批准, 四、 六级考试已从1997年6月份起采用”作文最低”制计算成绩, 其中足见国家对提高大学英语写作能力的重视程度。按规定, 考生作文若为0分, 无论其总分是否高于60分, 均作不及格处理; 若其作文分高于0分, 低于6分, 报导成绩时, 需从总分中减去6分, 再加上实得作文分。也就是说, 要从总分中减去实得作文分与6分之间的差额部分。举例来说: 若前边85总分得分65分, 可是作文得分为0分, 那么最后成绩评为不合格。若前边85总分得分59分, 作文得分为5分, 那么最后成绩不是64分, 而是59+5-6=58分。

作文写作技巧
一、 (保险型)
我们从评分标准上能够看到, 只要你做到内容切题, 文字连贯, 文字连贯主要指的句子和句子之间是不是连贯, 然后条理清楚, 只要达到这三点, 我们说及格分应当是没有问题的。 　　
如何能达到内容切题? 内容切题主要包括主题句的切题, 我们知道四、 六级的作文一般是三段式, 其实写作文没有必要那么长, 写12句话就能够了, 这就我们归纳叫12句作文。, 。
首先每一段的主题句要切题, 在三段当中每一段主题句都要切题。那么主题句怎样保证切题? 比如: 一、 大学生了解社会的重要性; 二、 大学生了解社会的途径; 三、 你是怎样了解社会的。就这么三段, 她给你出的是汉语, 我们建议就直接把汉语叫编译成主题句, 有的时候不需要编译就能够直接译成主题句, 把汉语译成英文, 或者编译成英文就能够了。因此保证主题句首先不跑题, 这是主要内容切题的问题。 　　
第二个大点我们叫条理清楚, 怎样保证条理清楚( 要有框架意识) 。需要这三段, 每一段当中四句话它的布局应该是怎样布局, 拿刚才来说, 大学生了解社会的重要性这一段, 首先在审题的时候知道它是议论段, 写四句话, 第一句主题句, 第二句从正的方面论, 论大学生了解社会的重要性。第三句话从反的方面论述, 大学生了解社会如何重要。第四句话一结论, 结论句, 因此我们大学生一定要了解社会。那么现在第二段, 大学生了解社会的途径, 审题的时候这是一个说明段, 因为说它有几种方法, 相当于说明书一样, 几种途径, 也写四句话, 第一句主题句, 把大学生了解社会的主题句译成英文就行了。第二句从第一个方面说, 我们了解社会途径一。第三是途径二, 第四句话是途径三。下面第三段我是怎样了解社会, 主题句能够这样写, 我经过以下方式来了解社会的, 主题句, 这是第一句。第二句我的方法一, 我经过读报纸来去了解社会, 第三句话, 我还经过听收音机, 看电视来去了解社会, 第四句话, 我还能够去找一个兼职工作来去了解社会, 这四句话就完了, 这样12句话就非常的清楚, 达到了内容切题, 达到的条理清楚。因此说这样一来, 及格分应当问题不大的。

四六级写作中使用率最高的基本句式
以下是短文写作中使用率最高、 覆盖面最广的基本句式, 每组句式的功能相同或相似, 考生可根据自己的情况选择其中的1-2个, 做到能够熟练正确地仿写或套用。
　 　1．表示原因
1) There are three reasons for this．
2) The reasons for this are as follows．
3) The reason for this is obvious．
4) The reason for this is not far to seek．
5) The reason for this is that．．．
6) We have good reason to believe that．．．
例如: There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly, people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly, most people are well paid, and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least, more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life.
　　注: 如写第一个句子没有把握, 可将其改写成两个句子。如: Great changes have taken place in our life．There are three reasons for this．这样写能够避免套用中的表示失误。
　　2．表示好处
1) It has the following advantages．
2) It does us a lot of good．
3) It benefits us quite a lot．
4) It is beneficial to us．
5) It is of great benefit to us．
　　例如: Books are like friends．They can help us know the world better, and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore, reading extensively is of great benefit to us．
　　3．表示坏处
1) It has more disadvantages than advantages．
2) It does us much harm．
3) It is harmful to us．
　　例如: However, everything divides into two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television．
    4．表示重要、 必要、 困难、 方便、 可能
1) It is important( necessary, difficult, convenient, possible) for sb．to do sth．
2) We think it necessary to do sth．
3) It plays an important role in our life．
　　例如: Computers are now being used everywhere, whether in the government, in schools or in business．Soon, computers will be found in every home, too．We have good reason to say that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．
　　5．表示措施
1) We should take some effective measures．
2) We should try our best to overcome( conquer) the difficulties．
3) We should do our utmost in doing sth．
4) We should solve the problems that we are confronted( faced) with．
　　例如: The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, we must take some effective measures to solve it．
　　6．表示变化
1) Some changes have taken place in the past five years．
2) A great change will certainly be produced in the world’s communications．
3) The computer has brought about many changes in education．
　　例如: Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past five years．The major reasons for these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays, more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein, and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．
    7．表示事实、 现状
1) We cannot ignore the fact that．．．
2) No one can deny the fact that．．．
3) There is no denying the fact that．．．
4) This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in．
5) However, that’s not the case．
　　例如: We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution．To solve these problems, we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution．The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment．
　　8．表示比较
1) Compared with A, B．．．
2) I prefer to read rather than watch TV．
3) There is a striking contrast between them．
　　例如: Compared with cars, bicycles have several advantages besides being affordable．Firstly, they do not consume natural resources of petroleum．Secondly, they do not cause the pollution problem．Last but not least, they contribute to people’s health by giving them due physical exercise．
　　9．表示数量
1) It has increased( decreased) from．．．to．．．
2) The population in this city has now increased( decreased) to 800, 000．
3) The output of July in this factory increased by 15％compared with that of January．
　　例如: With the improvement of the living standard, the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased．
　　再如: From the graph listed above, it can be seen that students’ use of computers has increased from an average of less than two hours per week in 1990 to 20 hours in ．
    10．表示看法
1) People have( take, adopt, assume) different attitudes towards sth．
2) People have different opinions on this problem．
3) People take different views of( on) the question．
4) Some people believe that．．．Others argue that．．．
　　例如: People have different attitudes towards failure．Some believe that failure leads to success．Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor．However, others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers．
　　再如: Do lucky numbers really bring good luck? Different people have different views on it．
　　注: 一个段落有时很适宜以问句开始, 应掌握这一写作方法。
　　11．表示结论
1) In short, it can be said that．．．
2) It may be briefly summed up as follows．
3) From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that．．．
　　例如: From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that examination is necessary, however, its method should be improved．
　　注: 例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句; 例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句。
　　12．套语
1) It’s well known to us that．．．
2) As is known to us, ．．．
3) This is a topic that is being widely talked about．
4) From the graph(图表、 坐标图、 曲线图)( table, pie chart: 饼图) listed above, it can be seen that．．．
5) As a proverb says, (as the saying goes) ”there is a will, there is a way．
　　例如: As is well known to us, it is important for the students to know the world outside campus．
　 The reason for this is obvious．Nowadays, the society is changing and developing rapidly, and the campus is no longer an ”ivory tower. As college students, we must get in touch with the world outside the campus．Only in this way can we adapt ourselves to the society quickly after we graduate．
再如: Does it pay to be honest? This is a topic that is being widely talked about and different people have different opinions on it

归纳:
一, 开头句型
1.As far as ...is concerned
2.It goes without saying that...
3.It can be said with certainty that...
4.As the proverb says
5.It has to be noticed that...
6.It`s generally recognized that...
7.It`s likely that
8.It`s hardly that...
It’s hardly too much to say that...
What calls for special attention is that...需要特别注意的是
There’s no denying the fact that...毫无疑问, 无可否认
Nothing is more important than the fact that...
二, 衔接句型
As is often the case...
As stated in the previous paragraph如前段所述
But the problem is not so simple. Therefore然而问题并非如此简单, 因此……
But it’s a pity that...
For all that...In spite of the fact that...
Further, we hold opinion that...
However, the difficulty lies in...
Similarly, we should pay attention to...
not (that)...but(that)...不是, 而是
In view of the present situation.鉴于当前形势
As has been mentioned above...
In this respect, we many as well (say)从这个角度上我们能够说
However, we have to look at the other side of the coin, that is...然而我们还得看到事物的另 一方面, 即
三, 结尾句型
I will conclude by saying...
Therefore, we have the reason to believe that...
All things considered,总而言之
It may be safely said that...
Therefore, in my opinion, it`s more advisable...
It can be concluded from the discussion that...从中我们能够得出这样的结论
From my point of view, it would be better if...在我看来……可能更好
四。万能句型
Let`s take...to illustrate this.试举例以兹证明
e.g. Let’s take the above chart as an example to illustrate this.
It remains to be further studied...
The question is how...

正反观点对比题目
第一段一般只写三句!
第一句: It is widely believed by many people for some time that ...
第二句: One reason they think is that...
第三句: The other reason they hold is that...
第二段一般只写三句!
第一句: While others argue that ...
第二句: They maintain that...
第三句: They also claim that...
第三段写四句!
第一句: From what has been discussed above, we may come to the conclusion that ...
第二句: On the one hand, …
第三句: On the other hand, ...
第四句: Only in this way can we ...
1． 对立观点式
A．有人认为X 是好事, 赞成X, 为什么?
B． 有人认为X 是坏事, 反对X, 为什么?
C．我的看法。
Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that 支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that 支持X 的另一个原因。
However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。 An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。
There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。
2． 批驳观点式:
A．一个错误观点。
B． 我不同意。
Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。( According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响) 。
There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. (以下参照辩论文的议论文写法)

图表作文
第一段只写三句:
第一句: As is shown in the graph above, we can see clearly that great changes have taken place in … from… to …
第二句: The first … years saw…
第三句: The last … years witnessed …
第二段只写四句:
第一句: What has caused this problem? It seems to me that there are reasons.
第二句: Firstly, …
第三句: Secondly,…
第四句: Finally,…
第三段只写四句:
第一句: How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people.
第二句: For one thing, …
第三句: For another, …
第四句: Only in this way can we successfully solve the problem.
例如: 第三季度中国/全球手机销量:
　　销售量 同比增长
　　中国 1849万台 22.79%
　　全球 1.328亿台 22%
　　1.描述该表格
　　2.分析原因
　　3.预测未来的发展趋势及对个人与社会的影响
　　The dawn of this new century witnessed the popularization of mobile phones. Purchases of mobile phones soared.( 图表作文并不一定一开始就要描述图表) This chart depicts the sales volume of mobile phones domestically and globally.( 先把图表反映的是什么总的说一下, 然后再展开) The statistics show that China, in the third quarter of ,enjoys a sales volume of 18.49 millions, increasing by 22.79, compared with the corresponding period of last year. In the meantime, the global market boasts a sales volume of 132.8 millions, increasing by 22%.
　　Why was there such a dramatic acceleration in the purchase of mobile phones? This phenomenon, for my part, can de attributed to two reasons. Firstly, the fast development of telecommunications technology ignited a huge expansion in mobile production. Secondly, the price of mobile phones has dropped substantially over the past decade, which transformed the mobile phone from an unaffordable luxury into a fashion accessory. A buying spree by people world-wide quickly brought cell phones into millions of households.
　　As is true of (正如) any technological innovation, the development of mobile phones will experience an explosive growth in the foreseeable future. Mobile phones

现象作文
第一段只写两句:
第一句: In recent years, there has been…
第二句: How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people.
第二段只写四句:
第一句: What has caused this problem? It seems to me that there are reasons.
第二句: Firstly, …
第三句: Secondly…
第四句: Finally,…
第三段只写四句:
第一句: How to solve the problem has become a hot issue among many people.
第二句: For one thing, …
第三句: For another, …
第四句: Only in this way can we successfully solve the problem.

书信作文
第一段只写两句:
第一句: I am writing this letter today to …
第二句: My name is … and I am …
第二段按照题目要求写:
第三段只写三句:
第一句: I sincerely hope you can take my letter seriously.
第二句: Your prompt response will be highly appreciated.
第三句: Thanks a lot for your time and consideration.
例如: 有一个会议在你所在的城市召开, 你想去参加。 给会议的组织者写一封信。说一下你想参加的原因, 并简单介绍一下自己。并请她提供一些会议的相关信息。
Dear Professor Huang,
　　I write for information regarding the forthcoming International Education Conference to be held at your prestigious university.
　　I am a first-year student from Nanjing University majoring in Education, and have a particular interest in the teaching of work place skills and employer’s perceptions of new graduates.
　　I plan to attend the conference and would like information about the contributory speakers, the content of their talks, and their research interests. However, although I have been living in Nanjing in the past four years, I am unfamiliar with Nanjing. Therefore, if you c