中英思维方式对比(课堂PPT).ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,中英思维方式对比,语言,思维方式,体现,反作用,1,思维方式：中,VS,英,中国思维,形象思维,本体思维,顺向思维,重整体 偏综合性思维,重直觉“悟性”,直线思维,重伦理,英美思维,逻辑思维,客体思维,逆向思维,重个体 偏分析性思维,重实证,曲线思维,重认知,2,中国：,Figurative thinking,尚像,偏重形象,起源：象形文字,英美：,Logical thinking,尚思,偏重抽象,起源：腓尼基字母,胸有成竹：,To have a bamboo in ones chest,To have a well thought-out plan,水深火热的生活：,Lead a life in deep water and hot fire,Lead a life for extreme hardship,3,小伙子年轻年轻漂亮，脑子里却,是一张白纸,。,A nice enough young fellow,you understand,nothing upstairs.,我军,势如破竹,，打得敌军,落花流水,。,Our army,won a smooth and overwhelming victory,.,三个人,品字式,坐下，随便谈了几句。,The three men sat downfacing each other,and began casually chatting.,聪明人,防患于未然，,愚蠢者,临渴掘井。,Wisdom prepares the worst,but folly leaves the worst for the day it comes.,形象思维：,具体形象的词,抽象事物,借物言志,抽象思维：,抽象名词,具体事物,指称意义,实 明 直 显 象,虚 暗 泛 隐 曲,4,秋思,马致远,枯藤老树昏鸦,小桥流水人家,古道西风瘦马,Oer old tree wreathed with rotten fly evening crows;,Neath tiny bridge beside a clear stream flows;,On ancient road in western breeze a lean horse goes;,-,许渊冲 译,5,商山早行,-,温庭筠,鸡声茅店月,人迹板桥霜,The cock crows as the moon set oer thatched inn;,Footprints are left on wood bridge paved with frost.,许渊冲 译,6,中国：本体型思维,以,人,为中心来观察、分析、推理和研究事物的思维方式,英美：客体型思维,把,客观自然界,作为观察、分析、推理和研究的中心,7,本体,VS,客体思维,She,has been a widow only six months.,译,1,：她只当了,6,个月的寡妇。,译,2,：,她的丈夫,死了至今不过半年,。,The thick,carpet,killed the sound of my footsteps.,我,走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声也没有。,8,本体,VS,客体思维,我,想到了：这是只熟鸟，也许自幼养在笼中。,It,occurs to me that it must be a tame bird.,他,赢钱赢得那么多，无怪乎眼红的人，赌输的人，有时说起这件事情便发牢骚。,His successes,were so repeated that no wonder the envious and the vanquished spoke sometimes with bitterness regarding them.,9,顺向思维,VS,逆向思维,中国,：,面向着,过去,来区分时间先后,“前”,过去的时间,“后”,-,未来的时间,英美：,面向着,未来,过去：,Back,after,past,将来：,Forward,before,future,The mother is not there,she took off a few years,back,.,-The Loons,10,登幽州台歌,前,不见古人，,后,不见来者，,念天地之悠悠，,独怆然而泪下,On climbing the Tower at Youzhou,Where the sages of the,past,And those of,future,years,Sky and earth forever last,Lonely,I shed sad tears.,11,顺向,VS,逆向思维,您先请,九五折,自学,东北 西南,钢铁工业,水火不容,不管晴雨,After you!,A five percent discount,Self-taught,Northeast southwest,Iron and steel industry,As incompatible as fire and water,Rain or shine,12,中国,：,重整体,偏重综合性,（从多到一）,对称与和谐,语法的隐含性,句法的意合性,词义的笼统与模糊性,英美,：,重个体,偏重分析性思维,（由一到多）,语法的外显性,句法的形合性,词义的具体性,13,重整体,VS,重个体,起源,造字法,中国：形声造字法,英美：”原子主义“,=,原子核,+,核外电子,”木”旁,：松 柏 桃 李 树 林,Pine,，,cypress,，,peach,，,plum,，,tree,，,forest,“,水“旁,：江 河 湖 泊 海 洋 深 浅,riverlake,，,sea,，,ocean,，,deep,，,shallow,14,综合性,VS,分析性,春花,含苞待放,绿叶,缓缓舒展,溪水,潺潺流淌,欢乐的,春天,涌动着无限的追求和希望,这一切难以用语言倾诉表达。,Spring,has so much more than speech in its unfolding,flowers,and,leaves,and the coursing of its,streams,and in its,sweet restless seeking!,(John Galesworthy,The Apple Tree,),15,对称与和谐,生存在功利社会奔波劳顿，勾心斗角,，若想做到从心所欲，难哉兮！,In a business society,where people run about in pursuit of personal gains at the expense of others,it is really difficult to do as you please.,16,对称与和谐,善欲人见，不是真善；恶恐人知，便是大恶。,A good deed is no good deed,if,it is done for show.An evil is all the worse,if,it is covered up,17,时tense),体,(aspect),语态,(voice),语气,(mood),我完全被吸引住了，死死地盯着看，一个同伴问我是不是认识这肖像。我就在想，除了几个我认识的人外，我肯定是唯一知道的人了。,I,was,totally,arrested,and as I,stood,gazing on it,my companion asked me if I,knew,the who it was.I,was thinking,that,beyond a few whom,could,name,I,must be,almost the only person who could know.,语法的隐形,VS,显性,18,意合,VS,形合,意合,靠句子内部的,逻辑,关系,形合,-,靠,语言,本身,And I,take heart from,the fact that,the enemies,who,boast that they can occupy the strategic point in a couple of hours,have not yet been able to take even the outlying regions,because of the stiff resistance,that,gets in the way.,由于受到顽强抵抗，吹嘘能在几小时就能占领战略要地的敌人甚至还没能占领外围地带，这一事实使我增强了信心。,19,词义的朦胧,VS,具体,汉语词义较笼统，英语语义较具体,“,车,来了”,Here comes the”,车,bus,minibus,lorry,taxi,bike,motorcycle,“,借我一支,笔,”,笔,pen,ball pen,pencil,a piece of chalk,color pen,20,直觉,VS,实证,中国：,重直觉，”悟性“，”天人合一“,英美：,重实证，理性知识，”天人相分,1,）热得我满身大汗。,The heat made me sweat.,I was sweating all over.2,）不坚持，就会失败。,One will fail unless one preserves,.,21,直线思维,VS,曲线思维,It is a truth,universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.,(J.Austen,Pride and prejudice,),凡是有钱的单身汉,总想娶个太太,这是,一条举世公认的,真理。,22,直线思维,VS,曲线思维,Soccer is a very difficult sport,.(1),A p layer must be able to run steadily without rest.,(2),Sometimes a player must hit the ball with his or her head.,(3),Players must be willing to bang into and be banged into by others.,(4),They must put up with aching feet and sore muscles.,23,重伦理,VS,认知,中国：,重伦理，集体主义，”大,小“，,顺其自然，听天由命,英美：,重认知，个人主义，”小,大“探求自然,In,June 1990,he graduated from the,English Department,Peking University,.,他于,1990,年,6,月,毕业于,北京大学英语系,。,24,申奥演讲看中英思维差异,集体主义和个人主义,对比两篇演讲中的人称代词出现的频率：,政府，我国，我们,我,李岚清,14,3,布莱尔,9,13,25,Thank,you!,26,