国际货运代理货代英语.doc

国际货运代理货代英语

资料仅供参考
一. 了解货运代理最初的职责

　　1-1 课文：Originally, a freight forwarder was a commission agent performing on behalf of the exporter/importer routine tasks such as loading/unloading of goods, storage of goods, arranging local transport, obtaining payment for his customer, etc…

　　这句话是比较长一句一段，核心句子：.....a freight forwarder was a commission agent performing on behalf of the exporter/importer routine tasks....

注释：
　　freight forwarder 货运代理人
　　commission agent 委托代理人
　　on behalf of 代表....
　　routine tasks 日常工作
　　loading/unloading of goods 装载/卸载货物
　　storage of goods 货物存放，货物存储

　　这句话大致意思是：最开始，货运代理是进出口商的委托代理人，替进出口商做一些常规事务，比如装载/卸载货物，货物的存储，安排地方运输….

　　1-2 课文：However, the expansion of international trade and the development of different modes of transport over the years that followed enlarged the scope of his services.
　　核心句子：....A and B enlarged the scope of his services.
　　A 是指 ：expansion of international trade 国际贸易的扩大
　　B 是指 ：development of different modes of transport 不同运输方式的发展
　　注释：

　　Over the years that followed 在随后的几年里;
　　international trade: 国际贸易
　　modes of transport: 运输方式

　　这句话大致意思是：在以后的几年里，国际贸易的扩大和不同运输方式的发展加大了货运代理的服务范围。

　　1-3 课文：Today, a freight forwarder plays an important role in international trade and transport.

　　注释：
　　Play an important role : 扮演重要的角色(引申为：起着重要的作用)
　　International trade and transport 国际贸易和运输

　　这句话大致意思是：现在，货运代理人在国际贸易和运输中起着重要的作用。

　　1-4 课文：The services that a freight forwarder renders may often range from routine and basic tasks such as the booking of space or customs clearance to a comprehensive package of services covering the total transportation and distribution process.
　　核心句子：The services.... may often range from ....to....

　　注释：
　　render: 在这里的意思是“提供”，= offer, provide
　　range : 在... 范围内变化，后面常跟 from ...to...
　　booking of space 订舱
　　a comprehensive package of services: 全面的一揽子服务
　　cover : 包括，涉及 = include
　　transportation and distribution: 运输和分发

　　这句话大致意思是：货运代理提供的服务一般可能从日常基础的工作比如舱位的预定，清关等，到全面的一揽子服务包括整个货物的运输和分发派送过程。

　　二.重点掌握货运代理人分别代表发货人和收货人所要做的工作。

　　2-1 课文：Unless the consignor, the person sending goods, or the consignee, the person receiving the goods, wants to attend to any of the procedural and documentary formalities himself, it is usually the freight forwarder who undertakes on his behalf to process the movement of goods through the various stages involved.

　　核心句子：Unless the consignor or consignee wants to attend to...himself, it is the freight forwarder who undertakes to process the movement of goods...

　　注释：
　　consignor: 发货人
　　consignee: 收货人
　　attend to: 关注 = pay attention to
　　procedural and documentary formalities: 程序和单证上的手续
　　undertake to do sth. 承担去做某事，承诺做某事
　　process: 在这里为动词，处理，处理
　　involve: 包含，含有，涉及
　　movement: 移动，动向 ( 在这里引申为“运输”)

　　这句话大致意思是：如果发货人或者收货人不想亲自去办理那些繁琐的手续的话，货运代理人将代表她们去处理货物运输中所涉及的各个步骤。

　　2-2 课文：The freight forwarder may provide these services directly or through sub-contractors or other agencies employed by him.

　　核心句子：The freight forwarder provide these services...

　　这句话的大致意思是：货运代理人能够直接或者经过次承包商或者另外雇用代理来提供这些服务。

　　2-3 On Behalf of the Consignor ( Exporter ) 货运代理人代表发货人(出口商)所要做的工作(考试重点)

　　1.Choose the route, mode of transport and a suitable carrier. 挑选运输线路，运输方式和合适的承运人。

　　注释：mode of transport: 运输方式 ; carrier: 承运人

　　2.Book space with the selected carrier. 跟选定的承运人订舱。

　　3.Take delivery of the goods and issue relevant documents such as the Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt, the Forwarders’ Certificate of Transport, etc. 接收货物，并签发货运代理人收货证明书和货运代理人运输证明书。

　　注释：Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt 货运代理人收货证明书(是代理人收到货物的凭证);Forwarders’ Certificate of Transport 货运代理人运输证明书(是证明代理人具备运输能力的凭证); issue: 发行，发布(在这里译为“签发”)

　　4.Study the provisions of the letter of credit and all Government regulations applicable to the shipment of goods in the country of export, the country of import, as well as any transit country; he would also prepare all the necessary documents. 研究适用于货物出口国家和进口国家，以及中转国家运输的信用证条款和所有政府规定，并准备所有必须的单证文件。

　　注释：letter of credit : 信用证 applicable to ...: 适用于...; as well as: 也，又，以及;transit country: 中转国

　　5.Pack the goods, taking into account the route, the mode of transport, the nature of the goods and applicable regulations, if any, in the country of export, transit countries and country of destination.货物的包装，( 在货物包装时) 要考虑运输路线，运输的方式，货物的特性，如果有的话还要考虑出口国，中转国和目的地国家适用的规定。
注释：pack the goods 货物包装/打包; take into account: 考虑; the nature of the goods: 货物的特性; if any: 如果有的话。
　2-3 On Behalf of the Consignor ( Exporter ) 货运代理人代表发货人(出口商)所要做的工作（考试重点）
　　1．Choose the route, mode of transport and a suitable carrier. 挑选运输线路，运输方式和合适的承运人。
　　注释：mode of transport: 运输方式 ； carrier: 承运人
　　2．Book space with the selected carrier. 跟选定的承运人联系订舱。
　　3．Take delivery of the goods and issue relevant documents such as the Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt, the Forwarders’ Certificate of Transport, etc. 接收货物，并签发货运代理人收货证明书和货运代理人运输证明书。
　　注释：take delivery of : 接受；Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt 货运代理人收货证明书（是代理人收到货物的凭证）；Forwarders’ Certificate of Transport 货运代理人运输证明书（是证明代理人具备运输能力的凭证）； issue: 发行，发布（在这里译为“签发”）

　　4．Study the provisions of the letter of credit and all Government regulations applicable to the shipment of goods in the country of export, the country of import, as well as any transit country; he would also prepare all the necessary documents. 研究适用于货物出口国家和进口国家，以及中转国家运输的信用证条款和所有政府规定，并准备所有必须的单证文件。
　　注释：provision: 条款； letter of credit : 信用证 applicable to ...: 适用于...; as well as: 也，又，以及；transit country: 中转国
　　5．Pack the goods, taking into account the route, the mode of transport, the nature of the goods and applicable regulations, if any, in the country of export, transit countries and country of destination.货物的包装，( 在货物包装时) 要考虑运输路线，运输的方式，货物的特性，如果有的话还要考虑出口国，中转国和目的地国家适用的规定。
　　注释：pack the goods 货物包装/打包； take into account: 考虑； the nature of the goods: 货物的特性; if any: 如果有的话

　6．Arrange warehousing of the goods, if necessary. 如果有必要的话，要安排货物的仓储
　　注释：warehousing of the goods: 货物的仓储；if necessary: 如果有必要的话
　　7．W, eigh and measure the goods. 测定货物的重量和尺寸。
　　8．Draw the consignor’s attention to the need for insurance and arrange for the insurance of goods, if required by the consignor. 提醒发货人注意是否需要货物保险，如果发货人需要投保，则需安排货物的保险。
　　注释：draw one’s attention to...: 引起某人注意... ( 相当于“提醒某人注意...”);
　　9．Transport the goods to the port, arrange for customs clearance, related documentation formalities and deliver the goods to the carrier. 将货物运往港口，安排货物的清关，办理相关的单证上的手续并将货物交付给承运人。
　　注释：customs clearance: 海关清关；deliver the goods: 交付货物 documentation: 文件，单证
　　10．Attend to foreign exchange transactions, if any. 关注外汇交易
　　注释：foreign exchange transaction: 外汇交易
　　11．Pay fees and other charges including freight. 支付手续费和其它包括运费在内的费用
　　注释：fee : （偏向于手续费方面的）费用; charge: （偏向于因服务而索取的）费用; freight: 运费。
　　12．Obtain the signed bills of lading from the carrier and arrange delivery to the consignor. 从承运人那里获得签发的提单并将提单转让给发货人
　　注释：bill of lading:提单
　　13. Arrange for transshipment en route if necessary. 如果有必要的话，安排货物在途中的转运。
　　注释：transshipment: 转运；　en route: = on the way 途中的
　　14. Monitor the movement of goods all the way to the consignee through contacts with the carrier and the forwarders’ agents abroad. 经过联系承运人和海外的货运代理，监控货物的运输直至货物交付给收货人。　
　　注释：all the way: 由始至终　
　　15. Note damages or losses, if any, to the goods. 记录货物的损坏和丢失。
　　16. Assist the consignor in pursuing claims, if any, against the carrier for loss of the goods or for damage to them. 如果货物有损失，需要帮助发货人向承运人就货物的损失提出赔偿。
　　注释：assist sb. in doing sth.: 帮助某人做某事；pursue／make claim against sb. for sth.: 就．．．向某人提出赔偿
　　2-4 On Behalf of the Consignee(Importer) 货运代理人代表收货人（进口商）所要做的工作（考试重点）
　　1．Monitor the movement of goods on behalf of the consignee when the consignee controls freight, that is, the cargo. 当收货人支付运费时，即由收货人负责货物运输，货运代理人应替收货人监控货物的运输。
　　注释：control freight: 支付运费
　　2. Receive and check all relevant documents relating to the movement of the goods. 接受并审核所有与货物运输有关的单证。
　　注释：relating to: 与．．．有关
　　3. Take delivery of the goods from the carrier and, if necessary, pay the freight costs. 从承运人手中接收货物，如需要还要支付的运费。
　　注释：take delivery of 接收，收到（与delivery词义相反）; freight cost: 运费
　　4. Arrange customs clearance and pay duties, fees and other charges to the customs and other public authorities. 安排货物的清关，并向海关和政府当局支付关税，手续费及其它服务费用。
　　注释：duty: 税，税收（在这里指“关税”）；　public authority: 政府当局
　　5. Arrange transit warehousing, if necessary. 如需要，安排中转仓库。
　　6. Deliver the cleared goods to the consignee. 将清关后的货物交付给收货人。
　　注释：cleared goods: 清关后的货物　（根据前文 arrange customs clearance, 因此这里的意思是办理完清关手续的货物）
　　7. Assist the consignee, if necessary, in pursuing claims, if any, against the carrier for the loss of the goods or any damage to them.　如果有必要的话，帮助收货人向承运人就货物的丢失或者任何损害提出赔偿。
　　8. Assist the consignee, if necessary, in warehousing and distribution. 如果需要，帮助收货人安排货物存入仓库和分发。

　历年考试题分析
　　1.The following services are performed by the forwarder on behalf of the exporter.
　　A. book space B. pack the goods C. export customs clearance D. import customs clearance.( 多选题)
　　答案：ABC
　　分析：A.book space: 参考课文中货运代理人代表处出口商的第二个职责，book space with selected carrier; B.pack the goods: 参考课文中货运代理人代表出口商的第五个职责：Pack the goods, and take into account the route...; C. export customs clearance: 参考课文中货运代理人代表出口商的第九个职责：Transport the goods to port and arrange for customs clearance...; D. import customs. 这个是属于代表进口商的职责
　　2. When the forwarder pack the goods on behalf of exporter, he should consider the .( 多选题)
　　A. mode of transport B. nature of the goods C. quantity of the goods D. quality of the goods
　　答案：AB
分析：参考课文中货运代理人代表出口商的第5个职责，C和D都不属于这个范围。
　　3. The scope of freight forwarder’s service on behalf of consignors includes . ( 单选题)
　　A. booking space with consignee
　　B. paying the freight to the insurer
　　C. arranging import customs clearance
　　D. booking space with carrier
　　答案：D.
　　分析：A和B　课文中都未提到过。C. 是属于货运代理人代表进口商的职责。D. booking space with carrier. 正确，参考课文货运代理人代表出口商的第2个职责。
　　4.The freight forwarder takes delivery of the goods from the carrier and issues the Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt. ( ) ( 判断题)　　答案：错
　　分析：从课文中货运代理人代表出口商的第3个职责来看，take delivery of the goods and issue relevant documents such as ..., 结合上下文看，这里应该是从发货人/出口商那里接收到货物并签发货运代理人收货证明书，而不是carrier(承运人)。
5.Which of the following services are performed by the forwarder on behalf of the consignee . ( 多选题)
　　A. Taking delivery of the goods from the carrier
　　B. Packing the goods for export
　　C. Arranging export customs clearance
　　D. Arranging import customs clearance
　　答案：A.D.
　　分析：B和C都是属于货运代理人代表出口商的职责。

　课后练习：
　　一、不定向选择题(答案可能只有一个，或者多个)
　　1.A consignor refers to the person who goods.
　　A. receives B. attends to C. sends D.takes delivery of
　　答案：C
　　2. It is usually the who issues relevant documents such as the Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt, the Forwarders’ Certificate of Transport, etc.
　　A. consignor B. consignee C. freight forwarder D. carrier
　　答案：C
　　3. Foreign exchange transactions, if any, are usually attended by the as well.
　　A. commission agent B. exporter C. importer D. freight forwarder
　　答案：D
　　4. A freight forwarder originally was a(n) performing on behalf of the exporter/importer routine tasks.
　　A. importer B. exporter C. shipper D. commission agent
　　答案：D
　　5. A freight forwarder shall take into account the route, the mode of transport and applicable regulations, if any, in the
　　A. country of export B. country of destination C. country of transshipment D. transit countries
　　答案：ABD

　　6. A freight forwarder, on behalf of the exporter, is expected to
　　A. take delivery of the goods
　　B. pay the freight costs
　　C.arrange transit warehousing
　　D.arrange customs clearance
　　答案：ABCD
　　7.Which of the following services are performed by the forwarder on behalf of the import .
　　A. Monitor the movement of goods
　　B. check the relevant documents
　　C. Arrange import customs clearance
　　D. Weigh and measure the goods.
　　答案：ABC
　　8. If there is damage of goods during shipment, the freight forwarder will on behalf of exporter.
　　A. Note damages
　　B. Pay fees to insurer
　　C. Assist exporter in pursuing claims.
　　D. Arrange for the insurance of goods.
　　答案：AC

　　二、判断题
　　1.When freight forwarder pack the goods on behalf of exporter, should take into account the quality of goods. ( )
　　答案：错
　　2.If necessary, the freight forwarder should pay the fees and other charges including freight for exporter. ( )
　　答案：对
　　3. The freight forwarder will issue “Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt” when he take delivery of the goods from exporter. ( )
　　答案：对
　　4. The freight forwarder can not employ other agency to provide services both for exporter and importer. ( )
　　答案：错
　　5. The freight forwarder would prepare all necessary documents for exporter if necessary. ( )
　　答案：对
　　三、英汉互译：
　　1)transit country 2) trade terms 3) general cargo 4) special cargoes 5) the Forwarders’ Certificate of Receipt 6) the Forwarders’ Certificate of Transport 7) trade contract 8) relevant documents 9) take delivery of the goods 10) mode of transport
　　答案： 1)转口国 2)贸易条款 3)杂货 4)特殊贸易 5)货运代理收货证书 6)货运代理运输证 7)贸易合同 8)相关单据 9)提货 10)运输方式
　　1)货运代理人 2)外汇 3)信用证 4) 清关 5)委托代理人 6)转运国 7)货物的运输 8)舱位 9)提单 10)　国际贸易
　　答案：1) freight forwarder 2) foreign exchange 3) letter of credit 4) customs clearance 5) commission agent 6) country of transshipment 7) movements of goods 8) shipping space 9) bill of lading　10) International Trade
一、国际贸易术语解释通则的由来
　　1-1 课文：In order to provide a set of uniform rules for the interpretation of the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade, ICC first published in 1936 a set of international rules for the interpretation of trade terms known as “Incoterms ”.
　　核心句：to provide a set of rules for the interpretation of trade terms in foreign trade, ICC published international rules...
　　注释：
　　In order to: 为了...
　　Commonly: 一般的，一般的，普遍的 = generally, usually
　　Interpretation : 解释，说明
　　Trade terms: 贸易术语 (另外：比如 trade practices 贸易惯例 trade contract 贸易合同 等)
　　ICC:全称：International Chamber of Commerce.国际商会。
　　Incoterms: 全称：International Commercial Terms 国际贸易术语解释通则
　　Be known as: 统称为...，以...著称
　　这句话大致的意思是：为了给国际贸易中普遍使用的贸易术语提供一套解释的统一规则，国际商会与1936年发布了一套用于诠释这些贸易术语的国际规则，统称为“国际贸易术语解释通则 ”。
　　1-2 课文：Later amendments and additions were made to it to bring the rules in line with current international trade practices.
　　注释：
　　Later : 稍候，随后 (另外latest: 最近的，最新的)
　　Amendment: 修改，修正(尤指对规则，法律，声明等条款的修正，修订，修改)
　　Addition: 增加物(在这里是指添加的条款和内容)
　　In line with: 与...一致，与...相同 (相反的是：out of line with)
　　Current: 现今的，当代的，时下的
　　Trade practices: 国际贸易惯例，国际贸易实践
　　这句话大致意思是：以后又对此通则作了修改和补充，以便使这些规则适应当前国际贸易实践的发展。
　　1-3 The latest edition is “Incoterms ”, which includes 13 different international trade terms. Each term specifies whether the buyer or the seller is responsible for arranging such necessities as export license, customs clearance, inspections, and other obligations.
　　注释：
　　Edition: ( 书籍，书刊等的)版本，版次。
　　Specify: 具体说明，详细说明，规定(名词：specification: 说明书)
　　Whet