英语句子概论云南玉溪一中孙维云市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,英语句子概论,云南 玉溪一中 孙维云,第1页,英语句子概论,玉溪一中 孙维云,基本成份,从属成份,独立成份,省略成份,连接成份,简单句,并列句,复合句,练 习,第2页,主语 不及物动词 （S+Vi）,主语 及物动词 宾语(S+Vt+O),主语 系动词 表(S+LV+predicative),主语双宾动词+间宾+直宾(S+Vt+O.indir+O.dir),主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语,(S+Vt.+O+O.compl),There+be/stand/lie/live.,简单句五种基本句型,主语、动词（不及物动词、及物动词、双宾动词、系动词、宾补动词)、宾语及补语能够称为,基本句子成份,。,完整句子普通最少包含2个基本成份，至多4个。,第3页,noun,adj./adv.,infinitive,V-ing,V-ed,etc.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾语,宾补,表语,宾语(间),宾语(直),Vt,V-l,Vi,Noun/Pronoun,The+adj,V-ing/Clause,Infinitive,Noun/Pronoun/,The+adj,V-ing/Clause/Infinitive,英语句子基本成分示意图,be/feel/seem/look,appear/stand/lie,become/get/grow/turn,go/come/remain/keep,taste/smell etc.,noun,pronoun,adj./adv.,infinitive,V-ing/V-ed,clause,etc.,第4页,主语 不及物动词,She came/My head aches.,主语 及物动词 宾语,She likes English.,主语 系动词 主语补语,She is happy,主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语,She gave John a book,She bought a book for me.,主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语,She makes her mother angry,The teacher asked me to read the passage.,There+be,There lies a book on the desk.,简单句基本句型实例,第5页,从属成份,基本成份修饰语。能够是：,定语：即用来修饰名词单词、短语或从句,状语：即用来修饰名词或代词以外词单词、短语或从句。,定 语,Poor,John tottered toward a hospital,nearby,She likes oranges,imported from the USA,.,John gave Mary,many,books，,which are full of illustrations,Have you seen the book,on the desk,?,The boy,playing over there,is my brother.,People,there,like sports.,第6页,John,often,came,to chat with me,John likes oranges,very much,Whenever he gets drunk,，John makes Mary very angry,Hearing the news,he jumped,with joy,.,As he was ill,he didnt come to class yesterday.,She is sitting,at the desk,doing her homework,.,My father worked,in this school,ten years ago,.,Youd better stay,here,.,状 语,第7页,Examples:,Oh,！,What is that！（惊叹词）,He has，,alas,，,failed again,Come here，,John,（呼语）,Roll on，,Ocean,，roll on,句中能够去掉成份，去掉后不影响句子完整性。这种成份和句子其它词没有语法关系。,独立成份,第8页,（You）,Come here,（I wish you）,Good luck！,Some gave him praises，but others,（gave him）,rotten eggs,He runs as fast as,if,(he does),not,(run),faster,than you.,(I),Hope you like it.,John should clean the room today and Peter,(should clean it),tomorrow.,句中被省略成份，即使未说出来，却在句中表示一定意思：,省略成份,第9页,连接成份实际上是一个连词，用来连接两个或几个平行词、短语和分句。这种连词叫做,并列连词,。,另一类连接成份是用来连接两个句子、且一个句子隶属于另一个句子（即从句）连词。这类连词叫,隶属连词,。隶属连词主要用于引导各种从句。,一个完整句子（主句或从句）必须包含2个到4个基本成份，另外，假如意思上有需要，还可包含一个或更多其它句子成份。,连接成份,第10页,简单句,简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结构），它是最小句子单位。主要起以下四种作用中一个。,作一个陈说,提出一个问题,发出一个命令或请求,表示一个感叹,Examples:,The boy hit the dog./The dog bit the boy.,The girl read the books./The books pleased the girl.,Stephen apologized at once.,Does the shop close at 7 tonight?,Shut the door.,What a slow train this is!,第11页,简单句基本词序,主语动词部分宾语 状语,（谓语）方式地点时间,Iboughta hat yesterday.,The children ran home.,The taxi driver shouted at me angrily.,We ate our meal in silence.,The car stopped suddenly.,A young girl walked confidently in the room.,They drove him away in a police car.,第12页,简单句扩展成份,简单句主语、宾语能够加上一个短语（如定语）来扩展，及物动词或不及物动词也能够与其它短语（如状语）连用进行扩展。,I bought a rain coat,with a warm lining,.,The dog jumped,through the window,.,He is saving up,to buy a mobile phone,.,Abright little,boy,with rosy cheeks,put,three bottles of,milk,quietly,on my doorstep,before seven oclock,.,He worked,like a madman,in the garden,on Saturday,.,The,young,girl,with long black hair,seems to be very happy.,第13页,两个简单句主语能够用and、but、both.and、eitheror、neithernor、not onlybut also,等连词连接组成一个简单句但应注意主语和谓语动词一致性。,The boss,is flying,to Paris.His secretary,is flying,to Paris.,The boss,and,his secretary,are flying,to Paris,.,Both,the boss,and,his secretary,are flying,to Paris,.,The boss,is flying,to Rome.His secretary,is not flying,to Rome.,The boss,but not,his secretary,is flying,to Rome,.,The boss,may be flying,to Berlin.His secretary,may be flying,to Berlin.,Either,the boss,or,his secretary,is flying to,Berlin.,The boss,is not flying,to York.His secretary,isnt flying,to York.,Neither,the boss,nor,his secretary,is flying,to York,.,主语、谓语、宾语合并,第14页,两个简单句宾语可由and、bothand,等连词连接组成一个简单句。,I met Jane.I met her husband.,I met Jane,and,her husband.,I met,both,Jane,and,her husband,.,It was cold.It was wet.,It was,cold and wet,.,I didnt meet Jane.I didnt meet her husband.,I didnt meet,either,Jane,or,her husband.,I met,neither,Jane,nor,her husband,.,两个或两个以上限定动词也可合并为一个简单句。,We,sang,all night.We,danced,all night.,We,sang and danced,all night.,主语、谓语、宾语合并,第15页,并列句,需把几个意思连接在一起时，可用分号或把两个或几个简单句用,并列连词,连接起来，这种结构即组成一个并列句。,用分号：,We fished all day;we didnt catch a thing.,用分号，后跟一个连接副词：,We fished all day;however,we didnt catch a thing.,用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet,等）,We fished all day,but(we)didnt catch a thing第16页,并列句,惯用并列连词coordinating conjunctions,平行并列连词:,转折并列连词：,因果并列连词:,选择并列连词:,but,however,while,yet,for,so,or,eitheror,neither nor,and,bothand,not onlybut also,neithernor,and then,第17页,并列句,并列句词序：,并列句基本上保留了简单句词序。,主语 谓语 宾语 连词 主语 动词 表语,Jimmy fell off his bike but (he)wasnt hurt.,五种简单句型可用,并列连词,连接起来组成并列句。,主 谓 状（方式）连 主 谓 表,Frank worked hard and (he)became an architect.,主 谓 宾 连 主 谓 地点,I ve got a cold,so I m going to bed.,主 谓 宾 宾补 连 主 谓 宾,They made him chairman,but(they)didnt increase his salary.,第18页,Exercise:,请用适当并列连词把每组句子合并为一个并列句,。,He was tired,so,he went to bed.,1.He was tired.He went to bed.,2.The child hid behind his mothers skirt.He was afraid of the dog.,3.He made a promise.He didnt keep it.,He made a promise,but,He didnt keep it.,The child hid behind his mothers skirt,for,he was afraid of the dog.,第19页,由一个主句和一个或者一个以上从句所,组成句子。在英语书面语中应用广泛。,主句是一个完整句子,它能够独立存在。,从句是一个不完整句子,它必须和一个,主句连用，不能独立存在。,复合句能够经过把两个以上简单句连接,在一起组成,但复合句各组成部份并非,同等主要，其中一个句子由,隶属连词,引,导（从句），用以修饰另一句子（主句）。,复合句=主句+从句,复合句,第20页,复合句是在简单句基础上，经过隶属连词将两个或两个以上简单句连接在一起而组成。隶属连词所引导从句起形容词、名词、副词作用。复合句主要包含以下类型从句：,1.主语从句 2.宾语从句,3.表语从句 4.定语从句,5.状语从句 6.同位语从句,英文写作中最常使用从句,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,第21页,复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+隶属连词+简单句,He told me,the news.,that,the match had,been cancelled.,宾语,how much,he was prepared,to pay for my car.,that,I could have the,money without delay.,how much,he was prepared to,pay for my car and,that,I could,have the money without delay.,when,he was,leaving for Paris,.,that,his father,was working in,that school.,宾语从句,第22页,复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+隶属连词+简单句,I dont know,him.,He has finished his work,that,he has finished his work.,whether,he has finished his work.,宾语从句,He is leaving for Washington.,that,he is leaving for Washington.,when,he is leaving for Washington.,why,he is leaving for Washington.,how,he is leaving for Washington.,whether,he is leaving for Washington,.,第23页,复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+隶属连词+简单句,the people,surprised,That,What,he said,what,he did,主语,That,he didnt,know the answer,in the room.,定语,who,were sitting in the room.,who,were present.,whose,sons were at war.,who,had signed the contract.,第24页,复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+隶属连词+简单句,That,is,the fact.,表 语,what,he needs.,what,he gave me.,why,he was late.,because,he was ill.,what,has happened.,第25页,复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+隶属连词+简单句,He worked,in that factory,three years ago.,地点状语,时间状语,where,his,father worked,in that factory,where,I lived,when,he,lived there,His father worked there,.,I lived there.,He lived there,three years ago.,第26页,复合句与简单句：复合句=简单句+隶属连词+简单句,Put the book,on the desk.,where,you took it.,where,it was.,地点状语,where,you found it.,You cant camp,here.,where,there are,a lot of trees.,wherever,you like.,第27页,指出以下各从句类型,I believe,that everything is going on well.,She was reading a novel,when I came in,.,She is the girl,who sings best in my class.,宾语从句,状语从句,定语从句,Practice,第28页,用所给连词连接句子。,He has found out.She was late.(why),He has found out,why,she was late.,I still remember the day.I first went to York on that day.(when),I still remember the day when I first,went to York.,将各组句子连接为一个含有,状语从句,复合句。,Practice,He didnt come yesterday.He was ill.(原因),He didnt come yesterday because he was ill.,第29页,Ill give the letter to him.I see him.（,时间）,It is such a big box.Nobody can move it.（结果）,Well go to the great wall.Its fine tomorrow.(条件),We should not go there all the time.The place is quite pleasant.(让步）,It is such a big box that nobody can move it.,Well go to the great wall if its fine tomorrow.,Although the place is quite pleasant,we should not go there all the time.,Ill give the letter to him when I see him.,Ill give the letter to him as soon as I see him.,Ill give the letter to him the moment I see him.,第30页,T H E E N D,第31页,