2022年全国职称英语等级考试试题答案.doc

全国职称英语级别考试试题、答案
综合类试卷及答案

综合类(A级)试题

第1部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分拟定1个意义最为接近旳选项。
1. For some obscure reason, the simple game is becoming very popular.
A unclear B obvious C major D minor
2. The sea turtle’s natural habitat has been considerably reduced.
A greatly B suddenly C generally D slightly
3. I got a not from Moria urging me to get in touch.
A instructing B notifying C pushing D inviting
4. It is possible to approach the problem in a different way.
A raise B pose C experience D handle
5. The decision to invade provoked storms of protest.
A ignored B organized C caused D received
6. Jane said that she couldn’t tolerate the long hours.
A spend B take C last D stand
7. At 80, Peck was still vigorous and living in Paris.
A energetic B happy C alone D busy
8. Forester stared at his car, trembling with rage.
A shaking B turning C jumping D shouting
9. A young man is being hailed a hero tonight after rescuing two children.
A reported B proved C praised D caught
10. I wanted to ask her out but was scared that she might refuse.
A anxious B sure C sad D afraid
11. At that time, we did not fully grasp the significance of what had happened.
A give B attach C lose D understand
12. Anderson left the table, remarking that he had some work to do.
A doubting B saying C thinking D knowing
13. He asserted that nuclear power was a safe and non-polluting energy source.
A maintained B recommended C considered D acknowledged
14. The study also notes a steady decline in the number of college students taking science courses.
A relative B general C continuous D sharp
15. She always finds fault with everything.
A criticizes B simplifies C evaluated D examines

第2部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）
下面旳短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个句子做出判断；如果该句提供旳是对旳信息，请选择A；如果该句提供旳是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句旳信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
The Forbidden Apple
New York used to be the city that never sleeps. Theses days, it’s the city that never smokes, drinks or does anything naughty (at least, not in public). The Big Apple is quickly turning into the Forbidden Apple.
If you wanted a glass of wine with your picnic in Central Park, could you have one? No chance. Drinking alcohol in public isn’t allowed. If you decided to feed the birds with the last crumbs (碎屑) of your sandwich., you could be arrested. It’s illegal if you went to a bar for a drink and a cigarette, that would be OK, wouldn’t it? Er…no. You can’t smoke in public in New York City.
What’s going on? Why is the city that used to be so open-minded becoming like this? The mayor of New York is behind it all. He ahs brought in a whole lot of new laws to stop citizens from doing what they want, when they want.
The press are shocked. Even the New York police have joined the argument. They recently spent $100,000 on a “Don’t blame the cop” campaign. One New York police officer said, “We raise money for the city by giving people fines for breaking some very stupid laws. It’s all about money.”
The result is a lot of fines for minor offences. Yoav Kashida, an Israel tourist, fell asleep on the subway. When he woke up, two police officers fined him because he had fallen asleep on two seats (you mustn’t use two seats in the subway). Elle and Serge Schroitman were fined for blocking a driveway with their car. It was their own driveway.
The angry editor of vanity Fair magazine, Graydon Carter, says, “Under New York City law it is acceptable to keep a gun in your place of work, but not an empty ashtray.” He should know. The police came to his office and took away his ashtray (烟灰缸)。
But not all of the New York’s inhabitants are complaining. Marcia Dugatty, 72, said, “The city has changed for the better. If more cities had these laws, America would be a better place to live,” Nixon Patricks, 38, a barman, said, “I like the new laws, if people smoked in here, we’d go home smelling of cigarettes.”
Recent figures show that New York now has fewer crimes per 100,000 people than 193 other US cities. And it’s true-it’s safe, cleaner and more healthy than before. But let’s be honest-who goes to New York for its clean streets?

16. Some activities have recently become illegal in New York.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
17. It is now illegal to smoke or drink alcohol anywhere in New York.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
18. Eating apples in the park is illegal.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
19 The businessmen like the new laws.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
20. Elle and Serge Schoronitman parked their car on the public driveway.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
21. The editor of Vanity Fair magazine thinks some of the new laws are stupid.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned
22. New York is cleaner and safer than before.
A Right B Wrong C Not mentioned

第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）
下面旳短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第23~26题规定从所给旳6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题；（2）第27~30题规定从所给旳6个选项中为每个句子拟定一种最佳选项。
Are You a Successful Leader?
1. Almost nothing we do in this word is done in isolation. At work or at play, you’ll find yourself in groups, working with other people: your team at work, a meeting with colleagues, your family, a holiday with friends, a group of students working together, a day out walking in the mountains, a group of neighbors wanting to make changes. It is now recognized that being able to work successfully with other people is one of the major keys to success. Partly because we need to do it so often.
2. In almost every situation where you’re in a group, you will need a skilled leader. All groups need leaders and all successful groups have good leaders. Groups without leaders or with weak leaders almost always break down. Members of a leaderless group often begin to feel dissatisfied and frustrated. Time is wasted and the tasks are not achieved. There are often arguments and tensions between people as there is nobody to keep the goals clear. Some personalities dominate and other disappears. Often group members begin not to come to meetings in order to avoid more disharmony.
3. Some people are natural leaders. The celebrity chef, Antonio Carlucci says, “True leaders a re born and you can spot them in kitchens.” They’re people who combine toughness, fairness and humour. Although a lot of people agree that there are some natural –born leaders, most people now recognize that leadership can also be taught. Our professional and experienced staff can train almost anyone how to be a successful leader. Good leaders don’t make people do things in a bossy, controlling way. You can learn how to involve everyone, encouraging the whole group to work towards a common goal.
4. Our training courses use activities and techniques to develop a range of qualities which are necessary to be a good leader. Self-confidence is vital and being able to overcome your own fears about being a leader. Successful leaders also need to be calm and intelligent. They need to be able to work out good strategies and make sound judgments under pressure. Lastly, and probably most importantly, good leaders need to be sensitive, sociable and be able to get on with a wide range of people. Good leadership is essentially the ability to influence others and good leaders allow all members of the group to contribute.

23. Paragraph 1__________.
24. Paragraph 2__________.
25. Paragraph 3__________.
26. Paragraph 4__________.
A. A good leader needs a variety of qualities.
B. These techniques are used to train leaders.
C. Training can make good leaders.
D. Most of good leader are natural-born.
E. It’s important to have a good leader.
F. People are in groups.

27. One of the major keys to success is ____.
28. Groups often break down because of ____.
29. Good leaders always avoid _____.
30. Self-confidence is the key to ____.
A. the ability to work with others.
B. encouraging group members
C. lack of good leaders
D. bossing people around
E. working out good strategies
F. overcoming fears about being a leader

第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题拟定1个最佳选项。
第一篇The Smell of Money
For many years large supermarkets have been encouraging us to spend money by pumping the smell of freshly-baked bread into their stories. Now Dale Air, a leading firm of aroma (香气) consultants, has been approached by Barclay’s Bank to develop suitable artificial smells for their banks. Researchers have suggested that surrounding customers with the “smell if money” will encourage them to feel relaxed and optimistic and give them added confidence in the bank’s security and professionalism.
But before a smell can be manufactured and introduced into banks’ air conditioning systems. It must be identified and chemically analyzed, and this has proved to be difficult. The problem is that banknotes-and coins tend to pick up the smell of their surroundings. So cash that has been sitting in a cash register at a fishmonger’s (鱼贩) will smell of fish, and banknotes used to pay for meals in restaurants will tend to smell of food.
It may be a challenge, but aroma experts have little doubt that the use of artificial smells can be an effective form of subconscious advertising. Lunn Poly, a British travel company, introduced the smell of coconuts (椰子) into its travel agencies and saw a big increase in spending by holiday makers. Many cafes now have electric dispensers (自动售货机) that release the smell of freshly roasted coffee near their entrances, subtly encouraging customers to come in and have a drink or snack. Even prestigious car maker Rolls-Royce has been spraying the inside of its cars to enhance the smell of the leather seats.
“The sense of smell is probably the most basic and primitive of all human senses,” explains researcher Jim O’Rordan. “ There is a direct pathway from the olfactory (嗅觉旳) organs in the nose to the brain.” It is certainly true that most people find certain smells incredibly strong, stringing memories and feelings in a way that few other stimulants (刺激物) can rival. It is a phenomenon marketing consultants have long recognized, but until recently have been unable to harness. “We’ve made great progress but the technology of odour production is still in its infancy,” says O’Riordan, “Who knows where it will take us.”

31. Artificial smells have NOT been used in
A cafes
B banks
C travel agencies
D supermarkets
32. Researchers believe that introducing the “smell of money” into banks will encourage people
A to spend money
B to feel confident about banks
C to earn more money
D to withdraw money from banks
33. The difficulty of producing the “smell of money” lies in that
A people’s attitudes toward money are different
B it’s hard to identify and analyze it
C no technology can do it
D experts have no motive
34. The word “harness” in the last paragraph is closest in meaning to
A see
B study
C control
D understand
35. Researchers think
A artificial smells help to improve people’s memory
B the technology to produce artificial smells is in the early stage
C artificial smells are harmful
D the production of artificial smells is profitably

第二篇 Spoilt for Choice
　　Choice, we are given to1 believe, is a right. In daily life, people have come to expect endless situations about which they are required to make decisions one way or another. In the main2, these are just irksome moments at work which demand some extra energy or brainpower, or during lunch breaks like choosing which type of coffee to order or indeed which coffee shop to go to. But sometimes selecting one option as opposed to another can have serious or lifelong repercussions. More complex decision-making is then either avoided, postponed, or put into the hands of the army of professionals, lifestyle coaches, lawyers, advisors, and the like. waiting to lighten the emotional burden for a fee. But for a good many4 people in the world, in rich and poor countries, choice is a luxury, not a right. And for those who think they are exercising their right to make choices, the whole system is merely an illusion, created by companies and advertisers wanting to sell their wares5.
　　The main impact of endless choice in people's lives is anxiety. Buying something as basic as a coffee pot is not exactly simple. Easy access to a wide range of consumer goods induces a sense of powerlessness, even paralysis, in many people, ending in the shopper giving up and walking away6, or just buying an unsuitable item that is not really wanted in order to solve the problem and reduce the unease. Recent surveys in the United Kingdom have shown that a sizeable proportion of electrical goods bought per household are not really needed. The advertisers and the shareholders of the manufacturers are, nonetheless, satisfied.
　　It is not just their availability that is the problem, but the speed with which new versions of products come on the market. Advances in design and production mean that new items are almost ready by the time that goods hit the shelves7. Products also need to have a short lifespan so that the public can be persuaded to replace them within a short time. The classic example is computers which are almost obsolete once they are bought. At first, there were only one or two available from a limited number of manufacturers, but now there are many companies all with not only their own products but different versions of the same machine. This makes selection a problem. Gone are the days when one could just walk with ease. into a shop and buy one thing8; no choice, no anxiety.
The plethora of choice is not limited to consumer items. With the greater mobility of people around the world, people have more choice about where they want to live and work — a fairly recent phenomenon. In the past, nations migrated across huge swathes of the earth in search of food, adventure, and more hospitable environments. Whole nations crossed continents and changed the face of history, So the mobility of people is nothing new. The creation of nation states and borders9 effectively slowed this process down.

36. Sometimes people ask professionals to help them make decisions because
A the decisions may have serious impact on their lives
B only professionals have the right to do that
C they have sufficient money to pay
D they have emotional problems
37. When people cannot easily decide what to buy, which of the following is the least possible choice?
A Giving up
B Walking away
C Buying an unsuitable item
D Seeking advice
38. Why do products have a short lifespan nowadays?
A They are of poor quality.
B They are quickly replaced with new ones.
C They have too many versions.
D They are not designed by computers.
39. How does migration today differ from that of the past?
A People now migrate to find better jobs.
B People now migrate for better life.
C People now migrate for better environments.
D People now h