2022年西邮软件工程专业英语知识点汇总.doc

Mathematical Science of Computation:数学化旳计算科学
Extreme Scale Computing: 超大规模计算
Cloud Computing: 云计算
Internet of Things: 物联网
Data Warehouse: 数据仓库
Agent-Oriented Software Engineering:面向智能体旳软件工程
Search Engines: 搜索引擎
CMOS :Complementary Metal-Oxide-semiconductor Transistor互补金属氧化物半导体
DARPA:Defanse Advanced Resarch Projects Agency美国国国防部高档研究筹划局
DOE :the Department of Energy美国能源部
MW:Megawatts百万瓦特，兆瓦
DRAM：Dynamic Random Access Memory 动态随机存储器
HDD: Hard Disk Drive硬盘驱动器
ASCR :Advanced Scientific Computing Research先进科学计算研究
URL: Uniform Resource Locator统一资源定位符 又叫网址
IBM: International Business Machines Corporation 国际商业机器公司
SERP:Search Engine Results Page 搜索引擎成果界面
LAN: local area network局域网
ISP: Internet Service Provider互联网服务提供商
FiOS:free into owner's store 自由进入业主商店
IT: information technology信息技术
SaaS :Software As A Service软件即服务
AOL: American Online 美国在线
VoIP:Voice over Internet Phone网络语音电话业务
PaaS :Platform as a Service 平台即服务
API: Application Programming Interface,应用程序编程接口
ADP:Automatic Data Process
RF:radio frequency 无线电频率
GPS:Global Position system全球定位系统
IaaS :Infrastructure as a Service 基本设施即服务
MS:memory system 存储系统
VRML: Virtual Reality Modeling Language）即虚拟现实建模语言
RFID: Radio Frequency IDentification射频辨认技术
IoT:Internet Of Things物联网
R&D: research and development研究与开发
ETL:Extracting-Translating and Loading数据提取、转换和加载
SQL: Structured Query Language构造化查询语言
CIF: Cost, Insurance & Freight 涉及运费、保险费在内之到岸价
SPA :Software Publishers Association 软件出版商协会
MIT: Massachusetts Institute of Technology麻省理工
FSF :Free Software Foundation自由软件基金会
GNU: GNU's Not Unix”一种与UNIX兼容旳软件系统
GSM: global system for mobile communications全球移动通信
GPRS: General Packet Radio Service 通用分组无线服务技术
OFDM:Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing 即正交频分复用技术
CDMA :Code Division Multiple Access 分吗多重连接，又称码分多址
TDMA：Time Division Multiple Access 时分多址
3GPP: The 3rd Generation Partnership Project第三代合伙伙伴项目
WiMax:Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access 全球微波互联接入
1
（1）According the text, the entities that Computer Science deals with may not include
A) Problems.
B) Procedures.
C) Programming languages.
D) Computers.

（2）According the text, what is one of the first topics in computer science?
A) What these elementary procedures may be?
B) How more complex procedures are constructed from elementary procedures?
C) How to understand a problem completely?
D) What elementary procedures may be, and how more complex procedures are constructed from them?
（3）Which of the statements follows describes the relationship between procedures and programming languages.
A) The same procedure may be represented by different programs in different programming languages.
B) The problem of translating procedures from one programming language to another is easy.
C) The problem of defining a programming language semantically can be solved by stating what procedures the programs represent.
D) Computer science must study how procedures are represented by computer programs.
（4）Which of the following statements is wrong for describing the relationship of procedure to data space and programming languages?
A) Procedures operate on members of certain data spaces and produce members of other data spaces.
B) Programs are symbolic expressions representing procedures.
C) The same procedure may be represented by different programs in different programming languages.
D) Programming languages are constructed from different procedure.
(5) According the text, which of the following statements is wrong about computer?
A) Computers are finite automata.
B) A computer is defined by the effect of executing a program with given input on the state of its memory and on its outputs.
C) Much of the work on the theory of finite automata is fruitful when it is applied to computation.
D) Most of the current work on automata theory is beside the point of computer science.
(6) According the text of section 4, which of the following statement is wrong?
A) We would like a mathematical theory in which every true statement about procedures would have an easy short proof.
B) There is no complete mathematical theory of computation.
C) We hope for a theory which is adequate for practical purposes, like proving that compilers work.
D) An integer-free formalism for describing computations has been developed and can be used to prove a procedure terminates.
(7) What important results have been obtained relevant to a mathematical science f computation?
A) The notion of a computable function was clarified by Turing.
B) Much of the work on the theory of finite automata has been done.
C) Existence of classes of unsolvable problems.
D) A machine to be as intelligent as a human.
(8) What kind of work does the author suggest not to solve by mathematics science of computation ?
A) Confirming each feature of a programming language is worth its cost.
B) Proving a program meets its specifications, Instead of debugging it.
C) Checking each step of program by human.
D) Better understanding of the structure of computations and of data spaces.
2
1. What is wrong about exascale computing? B C
A) exascale computing is aiming for 1,000,000,000,000,000,000 calculations per second.
B) exascale computing is based on vector architectures.
C) exascale computing are using tens to hundreds of thousands of processors from the PC and Unix markets.
D) All above.
2. According to DARPA ExaScale Computing Study, what is not the key technology challenges?B
A) Memory and Storage Challenge.
B) Clock frenquency Challenge.
C) Concurrency and Locality Challenge
D) Resiliency Challeng.
3. What area has been identified that will not be beneficial by exascale computing in the DOE town halls and workshops?D
A) Energy research,
B) Environmental sustainability
C) National security
D) Economy

4. what will not need exascalecomputing?D
A) cloud computing systems
B) solving highly complex problems that have been beyond our reach
C) national security
D) software

5
1. What kinds of technologies do the Cloud Computing vendors combine to provide service?A
A. virtualization, automated provisioning, and Internet connectivity.
B. virtualization, database, and Internet connectivity.
C. Graphics, database, and Internet connectivity.
D. virtual reality, Graphics, database.
2. What does the on-demand model include?C
A. The on-demand model includes a GUI interface that allows users to self-provision services.
B. The on-demand model includes a self-provision interface that allows users to self-service services
C. The on-demand model includes a self-service interface that allows users to self-provision services
D. The on-demand model includes a self-service interface that allows servers to self-provision services
3. Which kind of service is the most widely known and widely used form of cloud computing?B
A. PaaS (Platform as a Service).
B. SaaS (Software As A Service) .
C. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service).
D. All of the above.
4. Which kind of service is designed to augment or replace the functions of an entire data center？C
A. PaaS (Platform as a Service).
B. SaaS (Software As A Service).
C. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service).
D. All of the above.
5. Which kind of service has eliminated customer worries about application servers, storage, application development and related, common concerns of IT？A
A. SaaS (Software As A Service).
B. PaaS (Platform as a Service).
C. IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service).
D. All of the above.
6
1. According to the first part, what are two distinct modes of communication in the Internet of Things?
A. thing to person;
B. person to thing;
C. thing-to-thing;
D. machine-to-machine;
2. What are the characteristics of Sensor networks?
A. need not be connected to the Internet;
B. need be connected to the Internet;
C. detect changing attributes in the environment;
D. Sensors are a type of transducer;
3. What are the characteristics of RFID?
A. varying sizes;
B. power requirements;
C. operating frequencies;
D. amounts of rewriteable and nonvolatile storage;
4. What are the more prominent application areas for the IoT?
A. Cell phones as “native controls for the environment”;
B. Cell phones as “windows on everyday things”;
C. Continuous monitoring and measuring;
D. not mentioned in the passage;
5. When may intelligent software emerge that accepts large sets of data from connected everyday objects, and analyzes such data using processes that resemble human reason?
A. Afer ;
B. After ;
C. Afer ;
D. After ;
10
What make data warehouse effective to help companies and organizations make better decisions.
A) Data warehouse are integrated
B) Data warehouse was first developed by Bill Inmon in the early 1990s.
C) Data warehouse are subject oriented,
D) Data warehouse are non-volatile, and time variant.
(2) Information contained within a data warehouse is stable means
A. Data can be added but never be deleted.
B. Some data can be systematically deleted that has reached three years of age.
C. The information that will be added to the warehouse will come from daily information or historical information.
D. Data is volatile.
(3) Why data acquisition is one of the most expensive parts of building a data warehouse?
A. ETL tools may cost a company millions of dollars in order to transfer data from sources to the warehouse.
B. Data acquisition is a continuous process.
C. When the warehouse is updated, it is often hard to determine which information in the source has changed since the previous update.
D. The data cleansing process is usually done during the data acquisition phase.
(4) Business intelligence is may include:
A. Executive Information Systems,
B. Decision Support Systems
C. .Data mining
D. All above.
(5) According to section of Data Warehouse Tools, which one is not a data warehouse Tools?
A. Data visualization.
B. Marketing strategies
C. Meta data.
D. Data aggregation.
12
1. According to the content before “Name calling”, answer the following questions.C
(1). Who doesn’t want the process of copying and modifying information to be easy?
A. the public.
B. the user.
C. the owner.
D. all of them.
(2). What right of the reader is restricted when copyright is combined with printing?B
A. reading.
B. mass copy.
C. copy with pen and paper.
D. all of them.
(3). Which of the following technology is more advanced than printing press?
A. digital technology.
B. draconian measures now used to enforce software copyright.
C. hand-copying.
D. none of above.
(4). Which of the following is not a measure taken by SPA to enforce software copyright?D
A. widespread persuasions of absolute right of the owners .
B. promoting monitoring among workers.
C. unexpected raids to some institutions.
D. use hi-tech devices to bug the public.
(5). The author mentions Soviet Union in order to prove the practice of SPA is__.B
A. favorable.
B. nasty.
C. democratic.
D. all of above.
2. According to the content between “Name calling” and “Economics”, answer the following questions.
(1). All of the following words except__are used to describe the user’s copying.D
A. piracy.
B. theft.
C. improvement.
D. damage.
(2). The author thinks the analogy between programs and physical objects is__A.
A. persuasive.
B. accurate.
C. simplistic.
D. respectable.
(3). The author thinks the copying__.D
A. has a lot effect on the owner, and it harms everyone.
B. has some effect on the owner, and it harms some people.
C. has a little on the owner, but it harms no one.
D. has no direct effect on the owner, and it harms no one.
(4). How do the owners compute their economic loss?C
A. they suppose the ones who need the software would have bought a copy
B. they suppose half of the user would have bought a copy.
C. they suppose every one would have bought a copy.
D. they suppose the ones who are willing to pay every one would have bought copy.
(5). The owners can suffer great loss only if__.A
A. the person who made the copy would otherwise have paid for one from the owner.
B. whenever a copy is made.
C. whenever someone doesn’t pay.
D. the potential consumers are scared by the copyright.
(6). Why do the owners often describe the current state of the law, and the harsh penalties they can threaten us with?C
A. to make us have an insight of the copyright.
B. to make us form a habitual mentality.
C. to make us know how sensible to import the copyright.
D. to make us challenge the unquestionable view of morality.
(7). Which of the following statesments is right?D
A. we are urged to blame the owners for the penalties.
B. the owners persuasion can stand up to critical thinking .
C. laws decide right and wrong.
D. right and wrong can not be verified by laws.
(8). Who hold the copyrights on software?A
A. the authors.
B. the companies.
C. the users.
D. all of them.
(9). The author deems the analogy with material objects is__.
A. reasonable.
B. nonsense.
C. accurate.
D. persuasive.
(10). Which of the following saysings is Wrong?D
A. people have been told that natural rights for authors is the accepted and unquestioned tradition of our society.
B. the Constitution states the purpose of copyright is to promote progress---not to reward authors.
C. the Constitution says that copyright must be temporary.
D. real established tradition of our society can not be justified for the public's sake.
3. According to the rest content, answer the following questions.
(1). People will produce more of something if__.D
A. they are encouraged by their great works.
B. they are willing the do.
C. they are well paid.
D. they are not motivated by economic reason.
(2). The economic argument is based on__.C
A. whether we should pay money or not.
B. the users’ interest.
C. the assumption that how much money we have to pay is the key.
D. all of them.
(3). Which of the following statements is Wrong?A
A. You can’t well be able to get an equivalent sandwich either free or for a price.
B. Whether or not you have to buy it, the sandwich has the same taste.
C. you can only eat one sandwich once.
D. Whether you get the sandwich from an owner or not can only affects the amount of money you have left.
(4). That material object has owners and that program has owners is__.D
A. the same.
B. different.
C. irrelevant.
D. tightly connected.
(5). The author mentions black box as an example in order to prove copyright deprives the users’__.
A. money.
B. wisdom
C. freedom.
D. all of them.
(6). If we want more software than those people write, what can we do?B
A. enforce more harsh copyright.
B. loose the copyright.
C. raising the price