2022年新六级翻译.doc

大学生英语六级翻译练习
一．京剧
京剧(Peking Opera)被视为中国国剧，有着悠久历史和完整舞台表演体系。它最初是安徽省一种地方剧。京剧吸取了其前身多种元素，如唱歌、跳舞和杂技，并在语言和演唱风格上为北京观众做了调节。随着时间推移，京剧在全国各地广受欢迎，成为中国舞台上最流行、影响力最大戏剧形式。表演者使用肢体语言表达动作，如开门关门、爬上或走下一座建筑物或一座山。凭借这种技巧，京剧可以把一种小舞台变成整个世界。
Peking Opera is regarded as the national opera in China. It has a long history and a complete system of stage performance. It was originally a local drama in Anhui Province. Peking Opera absorbed various elements of its forerunner, such as singing，dancing and acrobatics, and adapted itself in language and style of singing for Beijing audiences. As time went by, it gained popularity all over the country and became the most popular and influential dramatic form on Chinese stage. Performers use body language to represent actions such as opening or closing the door, going up or down a building or a mountain. By such techniques, Peking Opera has made it possible to turn a small stage into the whole world.
二．书法
从某种意义上说，汉语是一种很古老语言，其最早中文已有近四千年历史了。中文在其漫长发展史中演化成诸多不同样书写形式，例如篆书、隶书、楷书和行书。中国书法家往往使中文字形夸张以获得艺术效果，例如旅游胜地部分石刻碑文。中国书法是一门研究艺术，随着各位学习爱好提高，我们将适时简介中国书法流派，和如何欣赏中国书法艺术性。
In a sense, Chinese is a very old language, and its earliest characters date back nearly four thousand years ago. During their long history of development, Chinese characters have evolved into many different script forms, such as the Seal script, Clerical script, Regular script and Running script. Chinese calligraphers usually exaggerate Chinese characters in ways to yield artistic beauty, such as some stone inscriptions seen in tourist resorts. Chinese calligraphy is a subject of artistic study. With the increasing of interest of Chinese learning, we will introduce in due time the different schools of Chinese calligraphy, and how to appreciate the artistic beauty of Chinese calligraphy.
三．莫言
莫言，本名管谟业，是第一位获得诺贝尔文学奖中国籍作家。她出生于1955年2月17日，在改革开放时期开始写作生涯，出版了诸多短篇故事和长篇故事。莫言作品中，最为西方读者熟知当属她1987年一部故事《红高粱家族》(Red Sorghum Clan), 该故事目前已经被译成20多种文字。莫言在国际社会上获得了广泛赞誉。美国《时代》这样评价莫言：中国最出名作家之一，她作品常常被严禁出版，但又被广泛盗印（pirate）。有人甚至将她视为中国弗兰兹.卡夫卡
Mo Yan, previously known as Guan Moye, is the first writer of China to receive the Nobel Prize for Literature. He was born on February 17, 1995 and began his career as a writer during the reform and opening-up period, publishing dozens of short stories and novels. He is best known to Western readers for his 1987 novel Red Sorghum Clan, which has been translated into over 20 languages. Mo Yan has won the wide international acclaim. He has been referred to as “one of the most famous, oft-banned and widely pirated of all the Chinese writers” by the US news magazine Time. There are even people who regard him as the Chinese answer to Franz Kafka.
四．污染
北京筹划将来三年投资7600亿元治理污染，从减少PM2.5排放入手。这一新发布筹划旨在减少四中核心污染源，涉及500多万辆机动车尾气（exhaust）排放、周边地区燃煤、来自北方沙尘暴和本地建筑灰尘。另有850亿元用于新建或升级都市垃圾解决和污染水(sewage)解决设施，加上300亿元投资将来三年植树造林（forestation）。
市政府还筹划建造一批水循环运用工厂，并制止违章建筑，以改善环境。此外，北京还将更加严肃地惩罚违背限排规定行为。
Beijing is planning to invest 760 billion yuan to control pollution in the next three years, starting from reducing the emissions of PM2.5. This newly announced plan is aimed at reducing four major pollution sources, including exhaust emissions of over 5 million motor vehicles, coal-burning in surrounding areas, sandstorms from the North and the local construction dust. Another 85 billion yuan will be used to establish or upgrade the facilities of municipal waste treatment and sewage treatment. Besides, 30 billion yuan will be spent on the forestation program on the coming three years.
In order to improve the environment, the municipal government also plans to builds a number of water-recycling plants and to stop illegal constructions. In addition, Beijing will punish strictly those people who violate the emission-reduction regulations.
【注】
将来三年：on the coming three years; in the next three years
五．网银
网上银行拥有诸多优势。网上银行从不关门，每天24小时、每周7天全天候营业，并且只需轻点鼠标即可完毕交易。当你财务发生问题，而你周边又没有营业厅或自动取款机时，你可以立即登录网上银行来解决你财务。网上银行解决并拟定交易速度一般达到或超过了自动取款机运营速度。网上银行目前还提供账目总计、股票报价等优秀工具，以协助你有效地理财。
Online banking has a lot of advantages. It never closes, offering services 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and all you need to do is just a slight click of mouse in front of your computer. If your nearby banks or ATMs are not available when your financial problems arise, you can immediately log on to your online banking to cope with your business. In terms of the speed of the execution and confirmation of transaction, online banking is generally no slower than ATMs. Online banking now offers advanced tools, including account aggregation, stock quotes and so on to help you manage your assets more effectively.
六. 中医
中医（Traditional Chinese Medicine）是中华文化不可分割一部分，为中国繁华做出了巨大奉献。中医是指引中国老式医药理论和实践一种医学，它涉及中草药、针灸（acupuncture）、推拿、气功和食疗。目前，中医和西医在中国医疗保健领域并驾齐驱。中医因其独特诊断手法、系统诊断措施和丰富典籍材料备受瞩目。中国中医事业由国家中医药管理局（State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology）负责。国家已经出台了管理中医政策和法规，引导并增进这个产业研究和开发。
Traditional Chinese Medicine（TCM）, as an inseparable part of Chinese culture, has made great contributions to the prosperity of China. TCM is a medical science guiding the theory and the practice of traditional Chinese pharmacology, including herbal medicine, acupuncture, massage, qigong and dietary therapy. Today, both TCM and western medicine are being used for providing health care in China. TCM, with its unique diagnostic methods, systematical approaches, as well as abundant historic literature and materials, has attracted considerable attentions from the world. In China, the State Administration of TCM and Pharmacology is responsible for the course of TCM. National policies, laws and regulations governing TCM has been put forward to guide and promote research and development in this industry.
七：科学报告
近来，中国科学院（Chinese Academy of Science）出版了有关其最新科学发现和将来一年展望年度系列报告。系列报告涉及三部分：科学发展报告、高技术发展报告、中国可持续发展战略报告。第一份报告涉及中国科学家最新发现，诸如新粒子研究和H7N9病毒研究突破。该报告还突出强调了将来几年需要关注问题。第二份报告发布了部分应用科学研究热门领域，如3D打印和人造器官研究。第三份报告呼吁加强顶层设计，以消除工业升级中构造性障碍，并增进节能减排。
Recently, Chinese Academy of Science published series of annual report concerning(about) its latest scientific discoveries and the prospect of the next year. The report consists of three parts: scientific development, hi-tech development and the sustainable development strategy of China. The first included the latest findings of Chinese scientists, such as the new particle study and the breakthrough of H7N9 virus research. The report also highlighted some problems that we need to pay attention to on the coming several years. The second report announced several hot fields of the applied scientific research, such as 3-dimension print and the study of artificial organs. The third report called on the improvement of top-level design, in order to get rid of the structural barriers of industry upgrading and promote energy conservation and emission reduction.
【注】
障碍：Barrier; handicap; obstacle
八．傣族
傣族是中国55个少数民族之一，生活在云南河谷地带（river valley）。泼水节（the Water Splashing Festival）是傣族人民一年中最隆重节日，相称于她们新年。泼水节在四月中旬庆祝，一般持续3至7天。在泼水节期间，傣族男女老少所有会穿上节日盛装，把河水带到寺庙，敬奉傣族人最神圣两件事—佛教和她们家园，她们为佛像（Buddhist statute）洗尘，求佛灵保佑。后来，人们就开始互相泼水，这是迎新年净化典礼（cleaning ritual）一部分。虽然这看上去像是为了打上一场大水仗而找借口，但是傣族人民盼望用圣洁水冲走疾病和劫难，迎来幸福和好运。
The Dai, one of the 55 minority groups in China, lives in Yunnan’s river valley. The Water Splashing Festival is the most solemn festival in a year for the Dai people, which is equal to their New Year. The festival is celebrated in the middle of April and usually lasts for three to seven days. During the festival, all of the Dai people, male or female, old or young, will wear their festival dresses and bring the river water to the temple to honor the two holiest things for them —Buddhism and their home. They will clean dust on Buddhist statutes and pray for the blessing from Buddhist gods. Then they will splash water on one another, which is a part of cleaning ritual to welcome the New Year. Although it seems to be an excuse for a big water fight, Dai people do hope that sacred water could wash diseases and disasters away and bring happiness and good luck.
九．乡村生活
反映在艺术和文学中乡村生活抱负是中国文明核心特性。这在很大程上归功于道家（Taoist）对自然情感。老式中国年画有两个最受青睐专项，一是家庭生活多种幸福场景，画中往往有老人在饮茶下棋，男人在耕耘收割，妇女在织布缝衣，小孩在户外玩耍。另一种则是乡村生活种种乐趣，画中有渔夫在湖上捕鱼，农夫在山上砍柴采药，或是书生坐在松树下吟诗作画。这两个专项可以分别代表儒家（Confucian）和道家生活抱负。
The ideal of rural life reflected in the art and literature is an important feature of Chinese civilization, which, to a large extent, can be attributed to Taoist affection for nature. There are two favorite themes in traditional Chinese New Year paintings. One theme is various happy scene of family life. In most of paintings, the seniors are drinking tea and playing chess; men are sowing and reaping; women are weaving and sewing; and the children are playing outdoors. The other theme is all kinds of joys of the country life. In the paintings, fishermen are fishing on the lake; farmers are chopping firewood or gathering herbs on the mountain; or scholars are chanting poetry and painting under the pines. These two themes can respectively represent Confucian and Taoist ideal of life.
十．经济
自从1978年启动改革以来，中国已从筹划经济转为以市场经济为基本经济，并经历了经济和社会迅速发展。年均10%GDP增长已使五亿多人脱贫。联合国“千年（millennium）发展目旳”在中国均已达到或立即达到。目前，中国第十二个五年筹划强调发展服务业和解决环境及社会不平衡问题。政府已设定目旳减少污染，提高能源效率，改善得到教育和医保机会，并扩大社会保障。中国目前7%经济年增长目旳表白政府旨在注重生活质量而不是增长速度。
Since the beginning of the reform in 1978, China has transformed from a planned economy to an economy based on the market and undergone (experienced) a rapid development of economy and society. The GDP that has risen at an average annual rate of 10% has made over 500 million people get rid of poverty. “The Millennium Development Goals” of the UN have been achieved or will be soon. Recently, the twelfth Five-Year Plan of China emphasizes development of service industry, and the solutions to the environment and social imbalance. The government has set goals to reduce pollution, enhance energy efficiency, improve opportunity to receive education and medical insurance and expand social insurance. The current 7% annual economic growth target of China shows the government is aimed at attaching great importance to the quality of life rather than the speed of economic growth.
十一．教育
中国将努力保证到 就业者接受过平均13.3年教育。如果这一目旳得以实现，后来大部分进入劳动市场人所有须获得大学文凭。
在将来几年，中国将着力增长职业学院招生人数；除了关注高等教育之外，还将谋求新突破以保证教育制度更加公平。中国正在努力最佳地运用教育资源，这样农村和欠发达地区将获得更多支持。
教育部还决定改善欠发达地区学生营养，并为外来务工人员子女提供在都市接受教育相似机会。
China will exert itself to make sure the employees will have received average education of 13.3.years until . If we can achieve that, the majority of people entering labor force market will need a bachelor degree in future.
Foe next few years, China will be committee to increasing the enrollments of training college; and apart from emphasis upon higher education, China will seek a new breakthrough to ensure the education system will be more equal. China is now trying to optimize the use of education resources; hence the rural and underdeveloped areas will get more support.
The Ministry of Education has also decided to improve the nutrition of students from underdeveloped areas and provide the equal access to urban education for the children of migrant workers in cities.
【注】
offer sb. sth. =offer sth. to sb.
provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb.