人教版高中英语必修一UnitFriendship知识点.docx

Unit 1 Friendship
(一) 词汇
1. add
vt.& vi. 增加；加；加起来；补充说； 又说
常用构造：
①add to增添；增加；增进 ②add ...to ...把…增添到… ③add up合计，相加 ④add up to总数为；总计为
He added some wood to increase the fire.他添了一些木柴，使火更旺些。
2. upset
adj. 心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的
vt. ( upset, upset) 使不安；使心烦；打翻；打乱
联想拓展
Our arrangements for the weekend were upset by her visit. He was horribly upset over her illness.
她一来把我们周末的安排给打乱了。 他为她的病而忧心忡忡。
Don’t upset yourself — no harm has been done. The students really upset her.
不要难过——并没有造成任何伤害。 学生们着实让她烦恼。
3. ignore
vt. 不理睬；无视
I said hello to her, but she ignored me completely. He ignored the speed limit and drove very fast.
我向她打招呼，可是她根本不理我。 他不顾时速限制，把车开得飞快。
联想拓展
①ignorant adj. (对某事物〕不了解的；无知的；无学识的 ②be ignorant of/about sth.不知道；没有意识到
③ignorance n.无知；愚昧；不知道 ④be in ignorance of/about sth. 不知道某事
易混辨析
ignore/neglect/overlook
ignore 通常指有意不顾，或不理会显而易见的事物。
neglect 侧重指有意的忽略或无视，也可指粗心及疏忽。
overlook指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。
4. concern
n. ［U］关心，担忧，担忧；［C］有利害关系的事
vt. 涉及，关系到，参及；使担忧
联想拓展
④be concerned with sth.牵涉，及……有关；参及 ⑤concern oneself with 关心
⑥be concerned about/for/over sth担忧；关心某事 ⑦as/so far as ... be concerned关于；至于；就……而言
As far as I am concerned, you can go wherever you want. I was very concerned about my mother’s illness.
就我而言，你什么时候走都行。 我很担忧母亲的病情。
We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.
我们读了关于天外来客的故事。
5. settle
vi. 安家；定居；停留
vt. 使定居；安排；解决
Both wanted to settle their scores.双方都愿意尽弃前嫌。
常用构造：
①settle down 镇定下来 ②settle in 在……定居
He settled his child in a corner of the compartment.他把孩子安排在车厢的一个角落里。
The family has settled in Canada.这家人已定居加拿大。
6. suffer
vt. 遭受；忍受；蒙受
vi.后接from/for意为“受……之苦〞，“患……疾病〞
常用构造：
suffer an attack/a defeat/losses/pains
遭受打击/失败/损失/痛苦
He suffered hard pains from the accident. Do you suffer from headaches 你经常头痛吗
他忍受着事故带来的痛苦。 She’s suffering from loss of memory. 她患有遗忘症。
联想拓展
①sufferer n. 受苦者，受难者 ②suffering n.痛苦，苦难
变式训练：
1、She was really u_____ about the way her father treated her.
2、It was very stupid of you to i_____ your mother’s advice.
3、He made a good s_____ in last exam.
4、All the people are c_____ about the growth of the younger generation.
5、She’s h_____ my book away somewhere.
6、My summer vocation was completely spoiled by a_____ of wet days .
7、The boy is c____ about skating.
8、It’s against n_____ for a mother to hurt her child.
9、He came here on p____ to discuss it with you.
10、How d______ you say so
11、Design a_____ to find out what kind of friends your classmates are.
12、I live all a____ but I don’t feel lonely.
13、I want your a_____ on this work.
14、It is a little difficult to c____ someone down when he or she is excited.
15、He was caught c_____ in the exam.
(二)短语
经历；经受；检查；浏览；用完；做完 让别人做某事/使得某事被做
The country has gone through too many wars. done是过去分词作宾语补足语及have sth. done用法一样。这个国家经历了太多的战争。 get sb./sth. doing使某人/某事物……起来
她最近经历了一段困难时期。 get done 〔状态的改变〕get作系动词，相当于be
Have you gone through all your money already get away逃脱；离开
你把所有的钱都花完了吗？ get back回来；取回
I went through the students’ papers last night. get by维持生活；通过
昨晚我仔细阅读了学生的试卷。 get down to sth./doing sth.开场认真做某事
联想拓展 get in进站；到达；收集
go after追求；追赶 get off下来；下车
go ahead 前进；请说〔做〕吧 get on上车；进展；进步
go by走过；〔时间〕过去 get cross(对……)生气，发脾气
go along with向前；〔及......)一起去 get in one’s way挡路，阻碍
go in for爱好；从事 get used to doing sth.习惯做某事
go out 外出；〔灯，火〕熄灭 get involved in涉及
go over 越过；复习 get in touch with与……取得联系
go through with 做完；完成 get it了解，懂得，明白
go up 爬上；〔价格等〕上升
9. set down 放下；记下；登记
Passengers may be set down and picked up only at the official stops.乘客只有在正式车站方可上下车。
联想拓展 温馨提示
set about (doing sth.) 着手〔做某事〕 set about 与set out都可作“开场/着手做某事〞讲，
set out (to do sth.)开场，着手(做某事) 但set about 后加doing sth.， 而set out后加 to do sth.。
set aside留出；不顾
set back〔把钟等〕往回拨；推迟
set free释放；解放
set off动身，出发〔去某地〕；使爆炸
set out动身，出发；安排，组织
set up开办；建立；设立
set an example to树立典范
set fire to ...= set ... on fire纵火烧
be set in以……为背景
The bad weather set back the building programme by several weeks.由于天气恶劣，建筑方案延误了好几个星期。
We need to set about finding a solution.我们得着手寻找一个解决方法。
10. on purpose 成心
The boy broke Jack’s window on purpose. He wanted to frighten Jack.
那男孩是成心打破杰克的窗玻璃的，他想吓一下杰克。
联想拓展
①purpose n. 目的，用途；目标；重要意义 ②for the purpose of 为了……
③to little/no purpose 作用不大/徒劳
The purpose of the book is to provide a complete guide to the university.这本书的目的是全面介绍这所大学。
11. join in 参加；参加
They didn’t have enough time to join in the activity.他们没有足够的时间来参加这个活动。
联想拓展
①join sb. in sth.及某人一起做某事 ②join up入伍；参军
③join up with sb.及某人联合；会合 ④join hands with sb.及某人拉起手来；合伙；联合
Will you join me in a walk Let us join hands in friendship.
你愿意与我一起散步吗？ 让我们携手共建友谊吧。
易混辨析
join in/join/take part in/attend
join in 参加正在进展着的活动。如游戏、讨论、辩论、谈话等。
join ①参加某组织或团体，并成为其中一员;②来与某人待在一起。
take part in 参加会议或有组织的群众性活动，并在其中发挥一定的作用。
attend 正式用语，指参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、上课、上学、听报告等，句子的主语是去听去看，自己不一定起积极作用，相当于be present。
变式训练：
16、No matter what he says, don’t ____ him.
17、C_________ with other countries was difficult during the war.
18、He formed the h______ of getting up early.
19、Both of them are e_____ of China Daily.
20、List what a good friend should do and ____ the list with your partners.(分享)
21、They are _____ .(骗子).
22、He paid no attention to their_______(自尊心)
23、Arrange the exhibits_______ to size.(根据)
24、He’s_____ from loss of memory.(患有)
25、The politician is really in a dangerous______.(境遇).
26、Why don’t you ____your idea ____on paper(写下)
27、He _________________his English study(有困难)
28、She ___________________a foreigner.(爱上)
29、____________to change the situation.(努力)
30、____________snow can cause trouble.(过多)
〔三〕重点句型
12. ...but your friend can’t go until he/she finishes cleaning his/her bicycle.
……但是你的朋友不把自行车弄干净不能走。
not ... until 意为“直到……才〞，表示主句谓语的动作直到until状语的时间才发生，主句的谓语动词表示的是动作的开场。until引导从句时，如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动作，那么主句用肯定式；如果主句中的谓语动词是短暂性动词，那么用否认形式。
“It is/was not until+被强调的局部+that ...〞相当于“Not until ... did (does, do, is ...)+主语 ...〞意为“直到……才〞，是强调形式。
13. While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.
遛狗的时候，你太大意了，一松手，狗就被车撞了。
温馨提示
在状语从句中，如果从句的主语为it时，也可以将it与助动词be省略。
Whenever possible they would stop him and ask the three questions.可能的话，他们就让他停下问他这三个问题。
14. I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. 我不知道这是不是因为我长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切及大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。
此句中的it’s ...that是强调句型。关于强调句型，我们需要掌握以下几点：
〔1〕强调句型的根本构造：
“It is/was+被强调的成分+that/who+其他成分〞用来强调主语、宾语与状语等成分。that只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略。当被强调局部为sb.作宾语时，可用who,也可用that,其他情况一律用that。强调主语时，that后的谓语动词必须及被强调的主语在人称及数上保持一致。
〔2〕特殊句式中的强调句型：
①如果强调的是特殊疑问句中的疑问词，表示“到底〞、“终究〞等语气时，就用如下构造：
“特殊疑问词+is/was+it+that/who+该句的其余局部〞，that/who后只能使用陈述语序。
②在“not ...until〞构造中，由until所引导的短语〔或从句〕作时间状语时，要用固定的强调句型：“It+is/was+not until ...+that+该句的其余局部〞，that所引导的从句中的谓语动词用肯定式。
〔3〕强调句型要注意与it代表时间、距离、温度、自然现象、具体事物或人物等时所构成的各种句型的区别。判断是否是强调句，可采用“复原法〞。如果复原为一般句式后，句子各种成分完整，那么是强调句，否那么不是。
It was three o’clock when I got home.我到家的时候三点。
It was at three o’clock that I got home.三点钟我到的家。
It was in his town that he was brought up.他是在镇上被养大的。〔强调句〕
It was this town where/in which he was brought up.
这是他被抚养长大的城镇。〔定语从句〕
〔4〕英语中常用助动词do, does或did强调谓语。
He did go to the airport yesterday, but he didn’t find you. 他昨天确实去了机场，但他没有找到你。
It is I that/who am going for a holiday with Mary.是我跟玛丽一块儿去度假。
When is it that we will have a meeting我们什么时候开会？
15. I don't want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do ...
我不愿像大多数人那样在日记中记流水账……
as引导的从句为比拟状语从句，意为“像大多数人那么做〞。
as 用作连词，可引导以下状语从句：
①引导时间状语从句，强调主句谓语及从句谓语的同时性；
②引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管，虽然，即使〞〔从句需倒装〕；
③引导方式状语从句，表示“以……方式〞；
④引导原因状语从句 (=since; because)，意为“由于，因为〞；
⑤引导比拟状语从句。
As he grew older he lost interest in everything except gardening.
随着他年纪越来越大，他失去了对所有事物的兴趣，除了园艺。
16. ...it was the first time in a year and a half that I'd seen the night face to face ...
……这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚……
变式训练：
1．体温正常后，你才能起床。__________________________________
2. 直到会议完毕他才离开。____________________________________
3.过马路时，你应当小心。__________________
4.如果受热，水会变成蒸气。________________________________________________
5.因为当时你不在那，所以我给你留了便条。______________________________________
6.这是我第一次来珠海。__________________________________________________________
7.那是她第二次游览伦敦。_____________________________________________________________
Keys: Unit 1 keys:
1．Upset 2.ignore 3. score 4.concerned 5. hidden 6. series 7. crazy
8. nature 9. purpose 10. dare 11. questionnaire 12. alone 13. advice
14. calm 15. cheating 16. trust 17. Communicating 18. habit
19. editors 20. share 21. cheats 22. pride 23. according
24. suffering 25. situation 26. set down 27. has trouble with 28. falls
in love with 29. Make an effort 30. Too much
1.You must stay in bed until your temperature is normal.
2.He didn’t leave until the meeting was over.
3.When crossing the street, you should be careful.
4.If heated, water can be turned into vapour.
5.As you were not there, I left a message.
6.It is the first time that I have come to Zhuhai.
7.It was the second time that she had visited London.
本课知识点归纳
ØUnit 1重要词组句型抽查
课后作业
C
People all need friends because nobody wants to be lonely and a friend can help you in good and bad times.You've made friends since childhood，but you still don't know who your true friends are.Here are some signs to tell you if your friend is a true friend.
Always honest
Honesty is important to keep a relationship alive.A true friend always tells you the truth.It may be hard sometimes but lying can destroy a friendship.It is important that your friend speaks honestly and never makes up stories.
Always listening
There are always periods in your life when you have problems or difficulties.A true friend will always have time to listen to your problems and give you advice.It may not be able to offer a solution to your problems but the fact that your friend makes time to listen is a sign he/she cares for you.Your friend is not a true friend if he/she can never make time for you when you are in trouble.You also need to be reasonable and accept that your friend also has other things to do so he/she can't always listen immediately to your problems.
Always respectful(尊敬的)
A true friend will always respect your opinion no matter whether he/she agrees or not.Your true friend may disagree but never insists that he/she is correct.
Always understanding
It is possible that some problems will arise between you and your friend.A true friend will always be forgiving (体谅的)and understanding，even if it isn't his/her fault.We are all different people and we all make mistakes.A true friend is always forgiving and understanding because he/she doesn't want to take the risk of losing his/her best friend.
9．What's the best title for the third paragraph
A．Always there for you.
B．Keep your secrets.
C．Always happy for you.
D．Remember your important days.
10．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage
A．Never tell lies to friends.
B．Making time for friends.
C．Sharing fun with friends.
D．Paying attention to a friend's opinion.
11．What's the author's purpose of writing this passage
A．To teach us how to make true friends.
B．To find out how long a friendship can last.
C．To introduce his experience in making friends.
D．To tell us how to find out if a friend is a true friend.
D
Many people turn to doctors or self－help books，but they ignore a powerful thing that could help them fight illnesses：their friends.
Researchers are only now starting to pay attention to the importance of friendship in health.A 10－year Australian study found that older people with a large circle of friends were 22 percent less likely to die during the study period than those with fewer friends.A large 2007 study showed an increase of nearly 60 percent in the risk (危险) for obesity among people whose friends gained weight.And last year，Harvard researchers reported that strong social ties (关系) could improve brain health as we age.
“In general，the role of friendship in our lives isn't well realized，〞 said Rebecca，a professor at the University of North Carolina.“Friendship has a bigger effect on our psychological (心理的) health than family relationships.〞
While many friendship studies are about the close relationships of women，some research shows that it can do good to men，too.In a six－year study of 736 middle－aged men，having friendships reduces the risk of heart attack.Only smoking was as important a risk factor (因素) as having little social support.
The exact reason why friendship has such a big effect isn't entirely clear.While friends can send a sick person to the hospital or pick up medicine，the advantages go well beyond physical help.Friendship clearly has a big psychological effect.“People with stronger friendships feel like there is someone they can turn to，〞 said Karen，a doctor.“The message of these studies is that friends make your life better.〞
12．The three studies in Paragraph 2 show that ________．
A．old people need friends the most
B．friends can help us lose weight
C．social ties are connected to health
D．more friends make us healthier
13．What do Rebecca's words in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Friendship is more important to women than to men.
B．What people need most is a friend's care.
C．Friendship is more important than family relationship.
D．The value of friendship hasn't been fully understood.
14．Which of the following can be used here to replace the underlined word “obesity〞？
A．Fatness. B．Unhappiness.
C．Excitement. D．Health.
15．What would be the best title of the text
A．Friends Are the Best Medicine
B．Friends Are as Important as a Family
C．Having Good Friends Leads to a Longer Life
D．Friendship Makes People Happy
Ⅱ.七选五 (共5小题；每题2分，总分值10分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最正确选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
(2021·河南省洛阳八中10月月考)
Tips for cooking on a Tight Schedule
From my experience，there are three main reasons why people don't cook more often：ability，money and time.16.________ Money is a topic I'll save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule：
2．Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal，make the