八下英语Unit3知识点练习学用.doc

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?
第 7 页
一、重点短语
1. 出去吃晚饭
2. 在外逗留到很晚
3. 看电影
4. 搭便车
5. 忙于；从事于
6. 完成某事
7. 整洁，干净
8. 洗碗
9. 倒垃圾
10. 叠衣服
11. 拖地
12. 整理床铺
13. 打扫卧室
14. 问题
15. 欢迎某人
16. 放学回家，下班回家
17. 扔下
18. 丢弃，丢掉
19. (to+地点) 走到……
20. 与某人散步
21. 一整天
22. 整天，整晚
23. 做家务活
24. 大声回应
25. 走开；离开
26. 一起分担做家务活
27. 一个舒适的家
28. 惊讶地(做…)
29. 喝一些东西
30. 看一个节目
31. 闲逛
32. 给某人某物
33. 给某人借某物
34. 把某物打湿
35. 讨厌做某事，讨厌某种行为
指具体的一次动作
指一个经常性的动作
36. 处理琐事
37. 帮助某人做某事
38. bring a tent 带一个帐篷
39. 买一些零食
40. 去商店
41. 邀请某人参加聚会
42. 让某人做某事
43. 足够多的压力
44. 浪费时间
45. 为了
46. 得高分
47. 介意做某事
48. 依靠；依赖
49. 培养孩子的独立能力
50. 照看；照顾
51. 做某人分内的事
二、重点句型
1. Could you please clean your room? ( Could you please + do sth.?)
2. I have to do some work.
3. Could I use your computer? (Could +主语+ do sth. ?表情求)
4. She won’ t be happy if she sees this mess.
5. For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. (Neither +be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语.)
6. My mom came over as soon as I sat down in front of the TV.
7. It’s the parents’ job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children.(it为形式主语，to do不定式是真正的主语，并且后置)
8. I think it’s important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework.
9. The earlier kids learn to be independent, the better it is for their future. (the+比较级…，the+比较级…句型)
三、单元知识点
1. Could you please +动词原形? 你能……吗？
Could在句子开头，不表示过去时态而表示请求，以表示礼貌、委婉或不确定的语气，而can则不具备这些语气，这种情况下不能把could看作can的过去式。肯定回答可以用Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./ Go ahead, please.或That’s OK/all right.，也可以用“主语+can”不能用“主语+could”。否定回答用“Sorry, +理由”，“主语+can’t/ mustn’t.”，不用“主语+couldn’t”。
表请求的结构还有：Would you please+V原？ Would you mind+V-ing？
2.take out带出去；取出，拿出 take the rubbish out take out 100yuan take your tickets out
3. make the/ one’s bed整理床铺，make the table收拾桌子，摆放碗筷
4. Could I at least finish watching this show？ finish完成，做好；finish doing sth.
5. (at) any minute (now)很快，马上Mother will be back any minute now.
Hurry up! The train is leaving at any minute.
6. mess 【名词】不整洁，杂乱(不堪) be in a mess乱七八糟，杂乱不堪
7. sweep动词】打扫，扫；过去式为swept，sweep the floor
8. throw【动词】扔，投，掷；过去式为threw；throw down 扔下某物 throw sth. (away)扔掉某物
throw to sb.把某物扔给某人；throw at sb./sth.扔某人东西，带感情色彩
9. The minute I sat in front of the TV, my mother came over. The minute (that)引导时间状语从句，意为“一/刚……就……”，相当于as soon as，I promise to reply to your letter the minute I get home.
10. reply回答，回复【不及物动词】reply to sb./sth. ,reply to your letter reply in writing
11. as……as像……一样，否定形式为not so/as……as
A(be) as+形容词+as B. A 实意动词as+副词as B.
12. neither did I.是“Neither +be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语.”结构，表示前者的否定情况也适用于后者。
—I don’t agree with their plan. —Neither do I. —They can’t swim across the river. —Neither can we.
Neither还表示“两者的否定”，即可以看成是both“两者都”的完全否定。
Both of my parents are mountain climbers. 意为 ；“我父母都不是登山者”是下面那个句子？
Neither of my parents is a mountain climber. Both of my parents are not mountain climbers.
13. pass sb. sth.= pass sth. to sb.把某物递给/传给某人，请把盐递给我。 =
14. borrow借，借进，借他人的物品来用，常用于borrow sth. from sb. /borrow sb’s sth
lend借给，借出，把自己的物品借出去，常用于lend sth. to sb. /lend sb. sth,
15. while 当……时候；在……期间，引导时间状语从句，表“一段时间”，从句的谓语动词用延续性动词，且常用进行时态，如 The telephone rang while father was reading a newspaper.
Could you please look after the kid while I do shopping?
When引导时间状语从句是，可以表示“一段时间”与“某一时刻”，所以从句的谓语动词延续性动词与短暂性动词皆可。When I arrive in Beijing, it’s raining heavily.
16. hate vt. “不喜欢，讨厌、恨”，没有进行时。hate后可接to do也可接doing，意义无大差别，只是to do更多表示具体的一次性的动作，而doing更多表示习惯性，经常的一般的动作；同like后接to do或doing的用法。
17.【复习】①invite sb. to do sth. ③invitation 【名词】
②invite sb. to sth. / invite sb. for sth. He invited us for the concert. I want to invite my friends to a party.
18. drink【名词】做饮料时为不可数名词，表示不同种类的饮料时为可数名词，如soft drinks软饮料
19. waste【名词】浪费；滥用a waste of time【动词】浪费waste time/waste money
20. in order to+V原形，意为“为了/目的是……”，In order to improve his English, he practices speaking everyday.
in order that+从句，意思也是“为了/目的是……”
21. provide【动词】提供；供应，常用结构provide sth. (for sb.)=provide sb. with sth
The hotel provides free breakfast (for travelers). =
22.【复习】It is +adj. (for sb.) to do sth.意为
23. do one’s part in doing sth.尽某人的职责做某事 Every person on the earth should do his part in saving water.
24. depend on sb./ sth.依靠，信赖，决定于；His high grade depends on his hard training.
When we grow up, we must depend on ourselves.
25. develop【动词】发展，壮大，培养；develop children’s independence
develop science and technology develop healthy eating habit
development【名词】发展，【形容词】①developed发达的developed country ②developing发展中
26. result【名、动】结果，as a result也意为“结果”
27. the+比较级…，the+比较级…意为“越……，就越……” The harder you study the better grade you can get.
四、重点语法_区别动词do与make。
“do”与动作及非实质性的事连用，与词尾是-ing的动作名词连用，如：do the dishes/do my homework/do chores(做家务/处理琐事)/do the laundry(洗衣)/do the shopping/do some reading；“make”表示“做、制造”、“整理”、“冲、泡（饮料）”等，如：make your bed(铺床)/make breakfast/make dinner)/make tea(泡茶/沏茶)/make myself a cup of coffee
【模拟试题】
一、英汉互译。
1. play with ___________ 2. have a test ___________
3. do chores ___________ 4. take out ___________
5. make the bed ___________ 6. sweep the floor ___________
7. 从……借___________ 8. 喂狗___________
9. 生气___________ 10. 照顾___________
11. 邀请某人到……___________ 12. 忙于/从事___________
13. 洗餐具___________ 14. 做饭___________
二、根据要求答题。
1. Could you help me clean the living room? （作肯定回答） ____________ ____________________.
2. Thanks for taking care of my dog. （变同义句） _________________ for ________________ my dog.
3. Remember to clean the bed. （改为同义句） ________ ________ to clean the door.
4. Can you lend your pen to me? （改为同义句） Can ________ ________ your pen?
5. I like to wash the plates because it’s relaxing. （就划线部分提问）
________ ________ you ________ to wash the plates?
三、用could, can, may, must, needn’t填空。
1. A: ________ you answer the question in English?
B: Sorry, I ________. ________ I answer it in English?
A: No, you ________. You __ answer it in Chinese.
2. A: ________ I ask a question? B: Yes, you ________. But you ________ wait, a minute.
3. A: ________ I use your eraser, Bill? B: Sorry. I don’t have one. Ask Mary. She _________ have one.
4. A: ________ you help me do the shopping. B: OK, Sure.
5. A: ________ you sweep the floor? B: But I ________ finish my homework first.
四、单项填空。
1. —What a dirty room! You shouldn’t throw your waste things everywhere.
—Oh, I am sorry, I am going to ________ and put them in the waste box.
A. fold my clothes B. take out the trash C. watch TV
2. —Could you please go to the movies with me tonight? —Sorry, my mother is ill in bed, and I have to ______ her.
A. take care of B. take a walk with C. take over
3. Don’t _________ the dog. it’s dangerous, it’ll bite you. A. play with B. play C. play for
4. —Jim, come out. Let’s go to play football. —Sorry. I’m _______ a maths problem.
A. working out B. working on C. working for
5. —Mum, Could I go shopping with you? —Yes, ________ But you have to finish your homework first.
A. you can B. you could C. you can’t
6. My mother often ________ my little sister _________ of the house and plays with her in the garden.
A. take…out B. takes…out C. takes … to
7. I _________ doing the dishes because it’s boring. A. hates B. hate C. like
8. I _________ some money from him, but I’ll _______ it to him in a few days.
A. borrow, return B. lend, borrow C. borrow, keep
9. ________ the young trees is our duty.
A. Taking good care of B. Take good care of C. Takes good care of
一、时态与语态 
1、时态：谓语动词与谓语动词之间的关系。 2、语态：主语与谓语动词之间的关系。 
（1）主动语态：主语是动作的发出者。 
Many people play football. 

（2）被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。 
Football is played by many people.  
二、被动语态的构成 be + 动词过去分词。 be 随时态变化而变化。 
动词一定为及物动词，不及物动词无被动语态。 
1、一般现在时 is /am/are worked 
The orange juice is made by him.
2、现在进行时 
is/am/are being worked 
The car is being used by my father.
3、一般将来时 
is/am/are going to be worked/ will be worked /shall be worked 
The MH370 will be found by Chinese in 2 days .
4、一般过去时 
was/were worked 
The icecream was eaten by the rabbit.
5、过去进行时 
was/were being worked 
I saw she was being beaten by her mother Yesturday.
6、过去将来时 
was/were going to be worked/ would be worked 
She was going to be a writter when she was 10 years old.
7、现在完成时 
has/have been worked 
The bridge has been built in our city.
8、过去完成时 
had been worked
The book had been finished before she went to bed. 
9、情态动词的被动语态 
情态动词 + be + 及物动词过去分词 can/must/need be worked  
三、被动语态的用法 
1、强调动作的承受者，不强调动作的执行者。 This book was written by him.. 
2、不知道动作执行者，不必说出动作执行者。 My bike was stolen last night.
四、被动语态的特殊情况 
1、使役动词have、make、let等，主动语态do，被动语态to do。 The boss made my father work 10 hours a day. 
My father was made to worked 10 hours a day by the boss. 
2、感官动词hear、watch、see、feel、help等，主动语态do，被动语态to do。 Someone saw a stranger walk into the house. 
A stranger was saw to walk into the house by someone. 
3、双宾语动词被动语态，一般以间接宾语作为主语自然些。 His mother gave him a present for his birthday . 
He was gave a present by his mother for his birthday. A present was gave to him for his birthday by his mother. 
4、It is said + that 从句句型 It is said that + 从句 It is known that + 从句 It is believed that + 从句 It is reported that + 从句 It is suggested that + 从句  
五、被动语态的解题过程 
1、判断语句的时态，选择相应时态的被动语态。 
2、语句宾语作为主语。 
3、语句主语由by 引出或省略。