新牛津译林版8Bunit4-知识点.doc

8Bunit 4 A good read
一． 短语归纳
1． do with处理 2．give sth. to sb.给某人某物
3． be interested in对…．感兴趣 4．in one`s spare time在某人空闲时间
5． be tired out筋疲力尽 6．by the time到……的时候
7． fall down倒下 8.wake up醒来
9． stand up站起来，起立 10. look down向下看
11.all over遍及 12. shout at sb．朝某人喊
13． talk to sb.与某人交谈 14. run away逃跑
15． hand in上交 16．so far到目前为止
17． fall over摔倒 18．at first起初
19． ask for请求（给予） 20. by the way顺便问一下
21.on time准时 22．in the future将来
23．at a time每次 24. low long多长时间，多久
25．for example例如 26.look for寻找
27．the same as与……一样 28．an army of 一大群
29. and so on等等 30. less than不到，少于
31. more than超过，多于 32．open up开启，开创
33．publishing house出版社 34．translate. . . Into. .把…¨译成…
35．be tied to the ground被捆绑到地上 36．share…with. . . 与……分享…
37．get away离开 38. different types of不同类型的
二．重要句型
1．Have you decided what to do with these books,Hobo?
(1) what to do with these books是“疑问词+不定式”结构。
不定式可以与疑问代词who , what , which及疑问副词when,how,where连用，构成不定式短语，在句子中，担当主语，宾语，表语等成分。
What to do is a big problem.(做主语)
I know how to pronounce the word.（作宾语）
Can you tell me how to get to the post office?（作宾语补足语）
The question is where to buy the dictionary.（作表语
(2) do with ：在问句中多与what连用，常译作“处理，安排，容忍，与……相处”等。如：
What shall I do with it?我该怎样处置它呢？
[拓展）deal with在问句中多与how连用，其基本意思有“应付，处理，论述，涉及”等。
如：Deal with a man as he deals with you.以其人之道，还治其人之身。
2. I didn’t know you liked books!我原来不知道你喜欢书！
这是一个含有宾语从句(you liked books)的主从复合句。宾语从句，就是用一个句子来
充当宾语，放在谓语动词的后面。
宾语从句要注意以下几个问题：
(1) 引导词：
①当宾语从句是陈述句时，用that引导，that常可省略。eg: I know that the boy is from Japan.
②当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，用if或whether引导。
eg: I want to know if he will come back tomorrow.
③当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，用疑问词引导 eg:He didn`t know when his mother was born.
(2) 语序： 宾语从句一定要用陈述句的语序。
你能告诉我他昨晚待在哪里吗？

(,/)Can you tell me where he stayed last night?
(X)Can you tell me where did he stay last night?
(3) 时态：当主句是现在时时，从句用所需的任何时态；当主句是过去时时，从句用过去时态的某种形式。
Eg:He said he was playing games at that time.
当宾语从句是客观真理或客观事实时，用现在时态。
Eg:Our teacher told us that the earth moves around the sun.
3. I have to use them to reach the box on the fridge. reach此处用作及物动词，意为“接触，拿到”。
【拓展】reach作及物动词，还意为“到达，抵达”，后面跟表示地点的名词。
Eg:They reached London last night.
4. The Hunchback of Notre Dame by the French writer Victor Hugo is great.
法国作家维克多，雨果的《巴黎圣母院》很棒。
French此处用作形容词，意为“法国的，法国人的”。Eg:Do you like French bread?
【拓展】

①French作不可数名词，意为“法语”。My uncle can speak French.
②Frenchman可数名词，意为“法国人，法国男人”，复数形式为Frenchmen; Frenchwornan“法国女人”，复数形式为Frenchwomen。
③France名词，意为“法国”。
5. The story of the ugly man Quasimodo really touched me.丑男人卡西莫多的故事确实触动了我。
touched是动词touch的过去式。此处用作及物动词，意为“触动，感动”，在语气上比move要弱一些.
Eg:The brave mother touched everyone.
6. After our ship crashed against the rocks,I swam as far as I could.当我们的船撞到礁石损坏之后，我奋力前游。
(1) crash(crashed，crashed)用作不及物动词，意为“碰撞，倒下，坠落，（飞机）坠毁”。
The plane crashed in the mountains．那架飞机在山中坠毁了。
(2) against介词，意为“紧靠，碰，撞”。
The rain beat against the windows.雨点打在窗户上。
My bike hit against a tree．我的自行车撞到了一棵树上。
be against反对；违背 It is quite against the school rules.这完全违反校规。
(3) as. . . as one can/could表示“尽某人所能……”，相当于as……as possible.
Please come as early as you can. =Please come as early as possible．
7. By the time I finally felt the land under my feet,I was tired out.等到我终于感觉到脚下的陆地时，我已筋拔力尽。
（1） by the time意为“到……时为止”，引导时间状语从句。
By the time I came in,Tom had written his name on the blackboard.
（2） be tired out意为“筋疲力尽”。
I was tired out when we got back from the long climb.
【拓展】be tired of意为“对……感到厌烦，厌倦”。
Kitty was tired of eggs．基蒂厌倦了吃鸡蛋。

8.I woke up as the sun was rising……当太阳升起时我醒了过来……
（1） wake up”醒来”，在此用作不及物动词短语，此时后面不加宾语；还可用作及物动词短语，后可跟宾语，意为“把…叫醒”，若宾语为代词，则要放在wake与up中间。
Eg:I usually wake up at six in the morning.
Mum,will you please wake me up earlier tomorrow morning?
（2）as连词，意为“当…的时候”，引导时间状语从句。
As time goes on，he knows his students.随着时间的推移，他了解了他的学生。
（3） rise(rose，nsen，rising)不及物动词‘，意为“升起，上升”。
Eg:The water in the river rose after the heavy rain.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
raise 及物动词 意为“提高，筹集，抬起，举起”
Eg:The teacher asks us to raise our hands if we have questions.
The workers want the boss to raise their wages.
We should try our best to raise more money for the poor family.
9. My arms,legs and hair were tied to the ground!
句中的tie(tied，tied，tying)用作及物动词，意为“捆，绑，系”。
tie……to……意为“把……系／拴到……上”。be tied to是它的被动语态，意为“被捆／拴到……上”。
Please tie the tree to the stick to keep it straight.请把树绑到木棍上，使树直立。
The dog was tied to the tree．狗被拴到了树上。
【拓展】tie还可用作可数名词，意为“领带，带子”。
He is wearing a blue tie.他打着一条蓝领带。
10. It moved up over my stomach and neck until it was standing near my face.它向上爬过我的腹部与脖子，直到站在我的脸附近。
until用作连词，意为“直到……为止，其主要用法有：
(1) 与延续性动词连用时，表示“直到……”，动词用肯定形式，指主句的动作一直持续到
until后的动作发生为止。
We walked until it got dark.我们一直走到天黑。
Go straight on until you come to the white building.继续走，直到你来到那座白色的楼前。
（2） not……until……意为“直到……才……”
The little girl didn’t stop crying until she saw her mother.那小女孩直到看到她妈妈才不哭了。
【拓展】until也可作介词，意为“直到……为止”。
We talked until 10 0’clock.我们一直谈到10点钟。
11. He was the same size as my little finger!他不过就我小手指那么点大！
the same size as……意为“与……一样尺寸，与……一样大小”。
My mother’s shoes are the same size as mine．我妈妈的鞋与我的鞋号码相同。
【拓展】①the same as意为“与……一样”。
My uniform is the same as Simon’s.我的校服与西蒙的（校服）相同。
②the same……as，一意为“与……一样……“
翻译：我的外套与你的颜色相同。_____________________________________________
12. There were around 40 0f them.有大约40个。
around既可作介词，又可作副词。具体用法:
(1) 介词，意为“大约”，相当于about。 My uncle and aunt arrived at around 10 o’clock.
(2) 介词，意为“遍及，在……四周”。 There are many trees around the house.
(3) 副词，意为“在周围，到处，四周”。 I looked around, but saw nothing.
13.I shouted at them----the loud noise made them all fall over.
(1) shout at意为“冲……大喊大叫” eg: Don’t shout at others. It is impolite.
(2)辨析：noise，voice与sound
(3)make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”,省略to的动词不定式在make后作宾语补足语。
【拓展】除省略to的动词不定式外，形容词、名词等也可在make后作宾语补足语。
Light music makes me happy.
(2013 .重庆)He lost his key.It made him _________ in the cold to wait for his wife’s return.
A.to stay B stayed C．stays D．Stay
(4) fall over意为“摔倒”。 He fell over when he was skating.他溜冰的时候摔倒了。
【拓展】
①fall off意为“（从……上）捧下” The boy fell off the tree yesterday.
②fall down意为“摔倒；落下；倒塌”。
③fall behind意为“落后”。
如果你学习不努力，你会落在同学后面.____________________________________________
14. However,they soon got up again and continued moving across my body.
然而，他们很快又爬了起来，继续在我的身体上走动。
Continue此处用作及物动词，意为“继续”。continue doing sth.表示“继续做某事”,contmue后也可跟动词不定式，continue to do sth.也表示“继续做某事”。
15. One of these small men began talking to me……
”one of+复数名词／代词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Eg：One of my hobbies is playing basketball.
【拓展】one of……后的名词前经常用形容词最高级修饰，即“one of+the十形容词最高
级+复数名词”，意为“最……的……之一”。
翻译：天津是中国最大的城市之一。________________________________
16. I tried to pull one hand free and finally managed to break the ropes.
我尽力挣脱一只手，最后设法弄断了绳索。
（1）try to do sth.意为“尽力做某事，努力做某事”。
try doing sth. 意为“尝试着做某事“。
（2） manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”。
The box was very heavy but he managed to carry it，这个箱子很重，但是他设法搬动了。
17. When I lifted my left hand into the air……当我把我的左手举到空中时…¨．
句中的lift用作及物动词，意为“举起，抬高；提高”。
Can you help me lift the bike onto the truck?你能帮我把自行车抬到卡车上去吗？
【拓展】lift作可数名词，意为“电梯”。
We’ll take a lift to go up and down.我们将乘电梯上下楼。
18. Keep doing something 一直做某事
keep doing sth.意为“不断地做某事，一直做某事”。
The boy kept crying.那个男孩不停地哭。
【拓展】
①keep on doing sth.意为“反复做某事”。Prices keep on increasing．物价不停地上涨。
②keep sb. from doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”，其中介词from不能省略。
We should keep the farmers from cutting down many trees.
③keep及物动词，意为“保存，保管”。How long can I keep the book?
④keep及物动词，意为“饲养，养活”。My grandfather likes keeping pets．
⑤keep及物动词，意为“保持”，可用于复合宾语结构，其宾语补足语可以是介词、形容
词、副词、现在分词、过去分词等。
When you do eye exercises,you should keep your eyes closed.
You should keep your hair away from the fire.
Don’t keep him waiting so long.
18. Gulliver found himself unable to move.格列佛发现自己不能动弹。
unable形容词，意为“不能的，不会的”。unable只能作表语，(be) unable to do sth.意为
“不能做某事”，相当于(be) not able to do sth.。
The girl was so young that she was unable to lift the bag.
【拓展】un-是否定前缀，用在一些形容词前，使其有否定的含义。
healthy-unhealthy(不健康的) kind-unkind(不善良的) popular-unpopular(不流行的)
fair-unfair(不公平的) happy-unhappy(不开心的) friendly-unfriendly(不友好的)
welcome-unwelcome(不受欢迎的)
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