人教版初中英语七年级下第112单元知识点讲解.doc

七下1-12单元必背句子及词组
Unit1 Where’s your pen pal from?
1. --你的笔友来自哪里? -- Where is your pen pal from? (★无“实义动词come, 用is/are”)
--他来自加拿大。-- He/She is from Canada.
同义句：-- Where does your pen pal come from? (★有“实义动词come, 用do/does”)
-- He/She comes from Canada.
★来自：be from = come from
练：They’re ___ Australia, a beautiful country.
A. come from B. comes from C. from D. for
2. --你的笔友来自加拿大吗？-- Is your pen pal from Canada? (用法同上)
--是的。-- Yes, he/she is.
同义句：-- Does your pen pal come from Canada? (用法同上) -- Yes, he/she does.
3. 他来自澳大利亚：He is from Australia. 他是澳大利亚人：He is Australian.
4. --你的笔友住在哪里？-- Where does your pen pal live?
--他住在多伦多。-- He/She lives in Toronto.
居住在某地：live in sp
及…某人一起生活：live with sb
练：-- When _____ the girl _____ her homework? -- In the evening.
A. does, does B. does, do C. is, do D. is, does
-- _______ your sister have a pen pal? Yes, she _______.
A. Is, is B. Does, do C. Can, can D. Does, does
-- Ling Tao is a Chinese, but now he _______ in the UK.
A. live B. is C. is from D. comes from
5. --你的笔友说什么语言？-- What language does your pen pal speak?
--他说英语。-- He/She speaks English.
说某种语言：speak+语言；
其他用法：speak a little+语言；
speak in+语言；
用某种语言说某东西：say sth in+语言；
对某人说：say to sb
告诉某人：tell sb sth=tell sth to sb
tell sb about sth
tell sb to do sth
tell sb not to do sth
tell a lie/story/joke 撒谎、讲故事、开玩笑
练：My new pen pal ________ me that he can ________ Chinese but only a little.
I can’t ________ French, but I can ________ it in English.
6. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去看电影：I like going to the movies with my friends.
① 句型：喜欢做某事：like doing sth = like to do sth
② 去看电影：go to the movies
③ 看电影：see a movie
7. 写信给某人：write to sb = write a letter to sb
互相写信：write to each other
互相写电子邮件：write e-mails to each other
8. 一部动作电影：an action movie
9. 告诉我关于你自己：tell me about yourself
讲故事：tell a story
讲故事给某人听：tell a story to sb
10. 在周末：on weekends
在平时：on the weekdays
11. 相似单词比较：(1) 信：letter 一点：little
(2) 法国：France 法语：French
12. (1) like v. 喜欢； 如：He likes reading.
(2) like prep. 像； 如：He looks like his mother.
13. (1) country n. 国家； 如：There are many countries in the world.
(2) country n. 乡村；如：乡村音乐：country music He lives in the country.
14. (1) from perp. 来自； 如：My pen pal is from Canada.
(2) from prep. 从； 如：Let’s read from the beginning of this book. Unit2 Where’s the post office? (ok)
Unit2 Where is the post office?
1. 问路：(1) Excuse me, how can I get to the post office?
(2) Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the post office?
2. --这儿附近有一个邮局吗？-- Is there a post office near here?
--是的。-- Yes, there is. (否定：No, there isn’t.)
① there be翻译为“某地有（某物或某人）”，不能拆开翻译。
用法：★There is+单数/不可数；There are+复数；
② 在附近：near here = in the neighborhood
3. –邮局在哪里？-- Where is the post office?
--它在第五大街上。-- It’s on Fifth Avenue. (第五：用序数词fifth，★中间不加the) 在…街上：介词用on
4. 它在沿大桥街右侧：It’s down Bridge Street on the right. 沿…街左侧：down…street on the left
5. ★散步通过花园：Take a walk through the park. (through: 指“穿过park的内部”)
6. ★在宾馆旁边是一间有着漂亮花园的小房子：Next to the hotel is a small house with a beautiful garden. (不能用has)
7. 我爸爸很享受散步的乐趣：My father enjoys taking a walk very much.
① 句型：★享受做某事的乐趣：enjoy doing sth
② 散步：take a walk
去散步：go for a walk
③ 走着去某地：walk to sp = go to sp on foot
8. 这是花园之旅的开始：This is the beginning of the garden.
① 开始，开端：beginning 如：Let’s read from the beginning of this book.
② 在…的开端：★ at the beginning of…
9. ★大桥街是一个很好玩的地方：Bridge Street is a good place to have fun.
10. ★让我告诉你去我家的路：Let me tell you the way to my house.
① 去某地的路：the way to sp.
② 在某人去某地的路上：on one’s way to sp. home, there, here前的介词“to”要省略, 如： on one’s way home
③ 做某事的好方法：a good way to do sth
第 １６ 页
11.比较：(1) in front of…在(外部)的前面；
如：There is a big tree in front of my house.
(2) in the front of…在(内部)的前面；
如：The teacher is in the front of classroom.
比较：（表示“位置”）在…前面：in front of… 在…后面：behind…
（表示“时间”）在…之前：before… 在…之后：after…
12. 在左边/右边：on the left/right. 在…左边/右边：on the left/right of…
13. ★笔直走：go straight
沿着…街（路）走：go down…Street/Road
（两者合并）沿着…街（路）笔直走：go straight down…Street/Road
14. 向左转：turn left
向右转：turn right
掉头：turn around
15. 玩得(很)高兴：have a good time = have (great) fun
句型：很高兴做某事：★ have (great) fun doing sth
16. 打的：take a taxi
打的去某地：take a taxi to sp = go to sp by taxi
乘公交车：take a bus
乘公交车去某地：take a bus to sp = go to sp by bus
17. ★我希望你过一个愉快的旅途：I hope you have a good trip.
对于别人的赞美及祝愿，回答用“Thanks, Thank you”来表示“感谢”
18. 到达某地方：(1) arrive in+大地方； arrive at+小地方；
(2) arrive单独使用；如：When he arrives, the class is over.
(3) get to+地方；到家：get home 到达那里：get there 到达这里：get here
19. 穿过：(1) ★从表面穿过：across 穿过马路：walk acorss the road 了
(2) ★从内部穿过：through 穿过公园：walk through the park
20. 在…上面：(1) on (指“表面接触”) 如：There is a book on the desk.
(2) over (指“表面不接触”，悬空) 如：There is a bridge over the river.
21. 不定冠词a/an及定冠词the的选择使用——看“翻译”。
(1) 翻译为“一…”，用a/an；
(2) 翻译为“这…”或“不需要翻译”，用the；
如：(1) There is ______ old man next to ______ post office.
(2) – Do you know ______ London? -- Of course. It’s in _____ United Kingdom.
22. (1) straight adv. 笔直地； 如：Go down straight and turn left.
(2) straight adj. 直的； 如：He has short straight black hair.
23. (1) turn v. 转弯； 如：向后转：Turn around.
(2) turn n. 轮到某人的一次机会； 如：It’s your turn to tell a story.
24. (1) left n. 左边； 如：Turn left.
(2) left v. 离开leave的过去式； 如：He left home early yesterday.
25. (1) right n. 右边； 如：The post office is on your right.
(2) right adj. 正确的； 如：Which one is right?
26. (1) down adv. 向下； 如：Sit down, please.
(2) down prep. 沿着； 如：The post office is down Bridge Street on the right.
27. (1) open v. 打开；如： The shop opens at seven o’clock am.
(2) open adj. 开着的；营业中的； 如：The shop is open for 24 hours a day.
28. (1) clean v. 打扫； 如：We clean the classroom every day.
(2) clean adj. 干净的； 如：Our classroom is very clean.
29. (1) if 如果； 如：If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.
(2) if 是否； 如：I don’t know if he will come.
30. (1) visit=see v. 参观，访问；
(2) visit n. 看望，拜访；pay a visit to sp/sb
Unit3 Why do you like koalas?
1. –让我们先去看考拉。-- Let’s see the koalas first. (first翻译为“首先”， ★去看什么样的动物，记得动物后面要加-s/-es)
–你为什么最喜欢考拉？-- Why do you like koalas best? (best翻译为“最”)
--因为它们很可爱。-- Because they are very cute.
句型：让某人做某事：let sb do sth (★let后面接动词原形)
2. –你为什么不喜欢老虎？-- Why don’t you like tigers（加-s/-es）?
--因为它们有点吓人。-- Because they are kind of scary.
① 在此处，表示“不”，只要在do后加not即可。
② 有点…：kind of+形容词 = a little+形容词
3. ★你还喜欢别的什么动物？ What other animals do you like? (后有animals, other不加s)
★你喜欢和别的年轻人工作吗？ Do you like to work with other young people?
This isn’t my sweater. It’s __________ (you).
Are all these children __________ (you)?
4. 他是一个8岁的男孩：He is an 8-year-old boy. (后有名词boy, 用连字符，year用原形)
他8岁：He is 8 years old. (后无名词boy, 不用连字符，岁数大于1，year变复数)
5. 请保持安静：Please be quiet. = Please keep quiet. (keep译为“保持”，= be)
6. 他每天通常睡和放松20个小时：He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.
每天：every day (要分开) 连在一起的everyday翻译为“日常的”，是个形容词。
7. 和某人玩：play with sb
8. 在白天：during the day = in the day 在此处，during = in
9. 在晚上：at night = in the evening
在上学的晚上/白天：on school nights/days
10. 吃草：eat grass
吃叶子：eat leaves (★leaf的复数形式：leaves)
吃肉：eat meat
11. 相似单词比较：(1) 草：grass (不可数，无复数)
(2) 玻璃：glass 复数：glasses 眼镜， ★一副眼镜： a pair of glasses
12. 汉语：因为…，所以… 英语：because…, so… (不能同时出现在一个句子中)
汉语：虽然…，但是… 英语：though…, but… (只能使用其中一个)
如：_______ Tom is tired, _______ he wants to have a food rest.
A. Because, so B. Though, but C. /, so D. /, but
13. (1) first num. 第一； 如：Sunday is the first day of a week.
(2) first adv. 首先；首先：at first 如：Let’s see the koalas first.
14. (1) best adv. 最； 如：Why do you like koalas best?
(2) best adj. 最好的； 如：Who do you think is the best teacher in your class?
15. (1) very adv. 非常（放在形容词前）； 如：The koalas are very cute.
(2) very much 非常（放在动词后）； 如：Thank you very much.
16. (1) kind(s) of n. 种类； 如：There are many kinds of anmals in the zoo.
What kind of noodles would you like?
(2) kind of = a little adv. 有点；（无形式变化） 如：He is kind of lazy.
(3) kind adj. 和蔼的，友善的； 如：It’s kind of you to help me with my English.
17. ★树叶：leaf 复数：leaves 变化规则：去f加ves;
18. ★小偷：thief 复数：thieves 变化规则：去f加ves.
Unit4 I want to be an actor.
1. ★–你是干什么的？-- What do you do? --我是一名医生。-- I’m a doctor.
询问“职业”的另两种问法：① What’s your job?
② What are you?
2. –你在哪里工作？-- Where do you work? --我在医院工作。-- I work in a hospital.
3. ★ –你长大时想成为什么？-- What do you want to be when you grow up?
--我想成为一名演员。-- I want to be an actor because it’s interesting.
be动词：可译为“是”或“成为”，这里是“成为”的意思。
练：-- What do you want to _______, Susan? -- A reporter. (082七下期末考)
A. be B. do C. have D. make
4. ★人们把他们的钱给我或者从我这里拿走他们的钱：
People give me their money or get their money from me.
词组：把某东西给某人：give sb sth = give sth to sb
词组：从某人处得到某东西：get sth from sb
5. ★我们有一份当服务员的工作给你： We have a job for you as a waiter.
6. ★你想为杂志社写故事吗？ Do you want to write stories for a magazine?
7. ★你想参加学校戏剧吗？ Do you want to be in the school play?
此处的be in意思是“参加”，等于join。
8. ★我们是一所专为5到12的儿童开设的国际学校：We are an international school for children of 5-12.
9. ★我们想要一个体育老师教足球：We want a P.E. teacher to teach soccer.
句型：想要某人做某事：want sb to do sth
10. ★我们从星期一到星期五上学：We go to school from Monday to Friday.
11. 工作很迟：work late
努力工作：work hard
努力学习：study hard
12. 穿制服：wear a uniform
穿校服：wear a school uniform
13. ★打某人的电话：call sb at+telephone number
14. ★及某人讲话(单方面)：talk to sb
★谈论某事：talk about sth What are you talking about?
★及某人讲话(互相)：talk with sb Who are you talking with?
15. “有定冠词”及“没有定冠词”的区别：
(1) 去上学：go to school
去学校：go to the school (不一定是去上学，可能是去工作或有事)
(2) 住院：in hospital
在医院里：in the hospital （不一定是住院，可能是在医院工作或在医院有事）
16. ★句型：擅长于做某事：be good at doing sth （介词at后面一定要用动词的-ing形式）
17. ★关于做题时“名词”加“的”及“代词”加“的”：
(1) 翻译句子，看有“的”及无“的”时句子意思是否通顺。
(2) 如果需要加“的”，则作出相应变化。
(3) 如何加 ’s ？ ① 不以s结尾的加 ’s ； ② 以s结尾的只加 ’ 。
练：(1) My __________ (grandmother) home is on Market Street.
(2) They are the __________ (twin) bedrooms.
(3) I think they are __________ (他们) friends.
(4) we are eating dinner at my __________ (grandparent) home.
(5) Please write and tell me about __________ (你) school.
(6) This office is for __________ (我们) English teacheer.
18. (1) when adv. 什么时候；如：When does Linda get up every day?
(2) when adv. 当…时；如：What do you want to be when you grow up?
19. (1) or 或者； 如：People give their money to me or get their money from me.
(2) or 还是； 如：Which one do you like, this one or that one?
20. (1) call v 打(电话)； If you have an idea, please call me.
(2) call v. 叫； 如：You can call me Tom.
(3) call v. (大声)叫喊； 如：The boy calls, “Where is the basketball?”
21. (1) play v. 玩，打 如：She likes to play with her friends.
(2) play n. 戏剧； 如：Do you want to be in the school play?(be in = join 参加)
22. 音乐：music 音乐家：musician
23. 故事：story 复数：stories 变化规则：去y加ies;
24. 不规则可数名词变复数：
(1) 男警察：policeman 复数：policemen
(2) 女警察：policewoman 复数：policewomen
(3) 孩子：child 复数：children
25. 单词辨析：(1) 新闻，消息：news (不可数)
(2) 纸：paper (不可数)
(3) 报纸：newspaper (可数，复数为newspapers)
Unit5 I’m watching TV
1. ★★现在进行时的结构：主语+be+Ving. (be动词和动词+ing两者缺一不可)
考题形式：(1) 已知be动词，考后面的动词形式（要加ing）；
(2) 已知后面的动词+ing, 则前面用be动词。
如：(1) The boy is _________ (run) with his father.
(2) Some children are __________ (lie) on the grass.
(3) My brother and I are __________ (play) soccer.
(4) His sister is __________ (read) a book.
2. --你正在做什么？-- What are you doing? --我正在看电视。-- I’m watching TV.
3. 那听起来很棒：That sounds great/good.
4. ★谢谢你的信和照片：Thanks for your letter and the photos.
① 谢谢某东西：Thanks for sth
② 句型：谢谢做某事：Thanks for doing sth （介词for后面接动词的-ing形式）
5. 这是我的一些照片：Here are some of my photos. (“一些照片”是“复数”，be用are)
这是我的一张全家福照片：Here is a photo of my family. (“一张照片”是“单数”，be用is)
★Here be 句型中，用is还是are取决于be动词后面的名词是单数还是复数，是可数还是不可数；
单数和不可数一律用is，复数用are
6. ★句型：忙于做某事：be busy doing sth （★后面的动词用-ing形式）
如：His brother is busy _________ (write) stories in his room.
7. 表示“活动”的“动词词组”
① 做家庭作业：do one’s homework
② 打扫房间：clean the room
③ 吃晚饭：eat dinner
④★打电话：talk on the phone = make a telephone call
⑤ 看书/看报/看杂志：read books, read newspapers, read magazines
⑥ (学生)上课：have an English class
(老师)上课：give an English class
⑦ 举行晚会：have an evening party
⑧ 和某人说再见：say goodbye to sb
8. 在购物中心：at the mall
在游泳池：at the (swimming) pool
在学校：at school
在体育馆里：in the gym
9. 在第一张照片中： in the first photo
在第二张照片中： in the second photo
在下一张照片中： ★ in the next photo
在最后一张照片中： in the last photo
10. 等汽车：wait for the bus
在汽车站等(某人)：wait (for sb) at the bus stop
11. 我的兄弟和我：my brother and I (要把“我”放在后面)
你我他： you, he and I
12. ★(身体)好，健康：well = fine 如：-- How is your mother? -- She is _______.
13. 活动：activity 复数：activities (以辅音字母+y结尾的，去y加ies)
玩具：toy 复数：toys (以元音字母+y结尾的，直接加s)
14. (1) 也：also 用于“肯定句的句中”；
(2) 也：too 用于“肯定句的句末，前加逗号”；
(3) 也：either 用于“否定句的句末，前加逗号”。
15. (1) show n. 节目； 如：TV show, sports show, game show, talk show
(2) show v. 给…看；如：Can you show me your family photo?
I’ll show you the way.
(3) show v. 表演； 如：Can you show us Beijing Opear?
Unit6 It’s raining!
1. ★–今天北京的天气怎么样？-- How’s the weather in Beijing today? (无like用How)
--是晴天。-- It’s sunny. (其他天气：windy, cloudy, sunny=fine=nice, rainy=raining, snowy= snowing)
同义句：-- What’s the weather like today? (有like用What)
-- It’s sunny. (其他天气：warm, hot, cool, cold, dry, humid)
练：We don’t know _______ the weather will be tomorrow.
A. how B. what C. how’s D. what’s
2. ★--你最近过得怎么样？-- How’s it going with you?
--相当好：Pretty good.
很棒：Great.
还不错：Not bad.
一般般：Just so so.
很糟糕：Terrible.
★3. (1) 在夏天天是多雨的。It’s rainy in summer. (it后有be动词is, 后面用形容词rainy)
(2) 在夏天天经常下雨。It often rains in summer. (it后无be动词is, 后面用动词rains)
(3) 现在正在下雨：It’s raining now. (is和动词ing构成“现在进行时”)
相同用法的词还有snowy, snows.
练：(1) What do you do when it ______? A. rain B. rainy C. raining D. is rainy
(2) It’s __________ (rain) heavily in Harbin now.
(3) The radio says it will be __________ (rain) tomorrow.
(4) – How’s the weather on Sunday? -- ________. A. It’s rain B. It’s raining C. It’s rains D. It rainy
4. 谢谢你参加中央电视台“环游世界”节目。
★ Thank you for joining CCTV’s Around The World show. (★介词for后的动词用-ing形式)
★句型：感谢你做某事：Thank you for doing sth
★5. 有许多人正躺在沙滩上：There are many people lying on the beach.
① 句型：有某人正在做某事：There be sb doing sth
② 躺在沙滩上：lie on the beach (lie加ing的规则：将ie变成y, 再加ing)
6. 一些正在拍照，另外的正躺在沙滩上。
★Some are taking photos, others are lying on the beach.
(1) 一些…，另一些…（复数）：some…, others…
(2) 一个…，另一个…（单数）：one…, the other…
7. 他们看起来很酷： They look cool.