在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句它包括主语从句、宾语资料讲解.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。,Noun clauses:名词性从句,1.考查名词性从句的语序问题2.考查引导词that与what的区别3.考查it在名词性从句中作形式主语或形式宾语的用法4.考查whether与if的区别,引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：,连接词：,that,whether,if（不充当从句的任何成分）,连接代词：,what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.,连接副词：,when,where,how,why,主语从句 The Subject Clause,作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由连接词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。,例如：,1.,What,he wants to tell us is not clear.,2.,Who,will win the match is still unknown.,3.,How,he became a writer is known to us,4.,Where,the English evening will be held has not yet been announced.,他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。,谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。,我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。,英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。,有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。,主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式,。,*How,he became a writer is known to us,=It is known to us how he became a writer.,*常用句型如下：,（1）It+be+名词+that从句,（2）It+be+形容词+that从句,（3）It+be+动词的过去分词+that从句,（4）It+不及物动词+that 从句,Its a pity that she has made such a foolish mistake.,It wasnt clear why he failed the physics exams.,Its reported that three people were killed in the traffic accident.,It happened that I didnt take any money with me.,另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此,建议,请求,命令等语气时，谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：,*It is necessary(important,natural,strange,etc.)that *It is a pity(a shame,no wonder,etc.)that*It is suggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc.)that,2.表语从句 The,Predicative Clause,在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的连接词与引导主语从句的连接词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。,其基本结构为：主语+系动词+that从句。例如：,1)The fact,is that,we have lost the game.,2)Thats just what I want.3)This,is where,our problem lies.,4)That is why he didnt come to the meeting.,5)It looks as if it is going to rain.,事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。,这正是我想要的。,这就是我们的问题所在。,那就是他为什么不到会的原因。,看上去天要下雨了。,需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如：*,The reason why,he was late,was that,he missed the train by one minute this morning,3.同位语从句 The,Appositive Clause.,同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that/whether/when引导，可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。,*namely即,that is to say也就是说,in other words换句话说,that is那就是 for example.,1)The news,that we won the game,is exciting,.,2)I have no idea,when he will come back home.,3)The thought came to him,that Mary had probably fallen ill.,4.He told us the good news,namely,the museum is open to all.,我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动,我不知道他什么时候回来。,他想到可能玛丽生病了。,他告诉了我们这个好消息:博物馆对外开放了.,同位语从句和定语从句的区别：,that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。试比较下面两个例句:*,The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.,that引导同位语从句，不能省略）*The news you told me yesterday was really disappointing.（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）,4.宾语从句 The Object Clause,引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样，宾语从句复合句中可以作及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语。,1).由连接词that引导的宾语从句,由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。,例如：,1)He has told me(that)he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。,2)We must never think(that)we are good in everything and,that,others are good in nothing.我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。,注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist,desire,demand,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”。例如：,*I insist that she(should)do her work alone.我坚持要她自己工作。*The commander ordered that troops(should)set off at once.司令员命令部队马上出发。,2.用who，whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whatever,whichever等连接词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如：,*I want to know,what he has told you,.我想知道他告诉了你什么。*She always thinks of,how she can work well,.她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。*She will give,whoever needs help a warm support.,凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。,3.用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。此外，whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether，不用if：,a.引导主语从句并在句首时；b.引导表语从句时；c.引导从句作介词宾语时；d.从句后有“or not”时；e.后接动词不定式时。例如：,*,Whether there is life on the moon,is an interesting question月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。*The question is,whether she could pass the test?,*Everything depends,on whether we have enough money.,一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。*I wonder,whether he will come or not,.我想知道他来还是不来。*Can you tell me whether to go or to stay?你能否告诉我是去还是留？,4.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应，当主句动词是现在时，从句根据自身的句子情况，而使用不同时态。例如：*I know that he studies English every day.（从句用一般现在时）*I know that he studied English last term.（从句用一般过去时）*I know(that)he will study English next year.（从句用一般将来时）*I know that he has studied English since 1998.（从句用现在完成时）,当主句动词是过去时态,从句则要用相应的过去时态，如一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时等；当从句表示的是客观真理，科学原理，自然现象，则从句仍用现在时态。例如：,*The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America,*My father told me that the earth is round.,5.think,believe,imagine,suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如：,*We dont think you are here.我们认为你不在这。*I dont believe he will do so.我相信他不会这样做。,*Choose correct answers:,1._ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET 1995)A.There B.This C.That D.It2A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do（NMET2001）Ahow Bafter Cwhat Dwhen 3.He asked _ for a violin（MET1992）A.did I pay how much B.I paid how much C.how much did I pay D.how much I paid,D.,C,D.,4.What the doctors really doubt is _my mother will recover from the serious disease soon A.when B.how C.whether D.why 5It is generally considered unwise to give a child _he or she wants.(NMET1997)A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever6._leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights.(MET1988)A.Anyone B.The person C.Whoever D.Who,C.,B,C.,7.Sarah hopes to become a friend of _shares her interests.(Shanghai1995)A.anyone B.whomever C.whoever D.no matter who8.-I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.-Is that _ you had a few days off?(NMET1999)A.why B.what C.when D.where,C.,A.,9.I still remember _ this used to be a quiet village.(NMET1993)A.when B.how C.where D.what 10I read about it in some book or other，does it matter _ it was？（2001春季招生）Awhere Bwhat Chow Dwhich 11.Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A.while B.that C when D.as(2001年上海),A.,D.,B.,12.I think it is going to be a big problem.Yes,it could be.I wonder _ we can do about it.(北京 2002春季)A、if B、how C、what D、that,C.,*Translate the following sentences and tell the functions of each noun clause.,1.This is just what I want to know.,2.It is certain that Mary will do well in the exam.,3.How he became a great scientist is known to all.,4.She asked me whether he would be back soon.,5.I have no idea how he got through the forest.,6.The fact that he won the prize made us happy.,7.I wonder if she really meant what she said.,8.Where the house will be built will be discussed at tomorrows meeting.,9.Which team will win the match is still unknown.,10.Now is when I need her most.,