考点12-非谓语动词-2018年中考英语语法考点纵览.doc

中考英语语法考点纵览 12——非谓语动词

一、 非谓语动词概述
1、 非谓语动词的概念：动词按照在句中作不作谓语，可以分为谓语动词和非谓语动词，非谓语动词在句中不可以充当谓语，但是可以充当除谓语以外的其它句子成分。
2、 非谓语动词的使用条件：在一个单句中，如果已经存在一个谓语动词，而且在没有连词的情况下，需要使用其它动词时，用非谓语动词的形式。
3、 非谓语动词的分类：动词不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）、现在分词（doing）、过去分词（done）
二、非谓语动词考点纵览
考点一：
不定式的用法

考点1：不定式作主语。

不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语不定式放在后面。
典型例题 1
______ English is not easy ___us.
A. Speak; for B. Speaking; to C. To speak; for D. To speak; to
答案：C（不定式用作主语，表示做某事对某人来说怎们样）
典型例题 2
It is very important ___ us ______ breakfast.
A. for; having B. to; to have C. for; have D. for; to have
答案：D（此题考查句型It’s+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.）
典型题 3
It is very kind ___ you ______us.
A. for; helping B. for; to help C. of; helping D. of; to help
答案：D（此题考查句型It’s+adj.+of sb.+to do sth.）

考点2：不定式作宾语。

① 一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词多表示打算或者希望，如would like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect等。
典型例题 1
Would you like ______the movie this evening?
A. to see B. seeing C. see D. sees
答案：A（would like to do sth.表示“想要做某事”）
典型例题 2
He wants ______(travel) around the world.
答案：to travel（want后接动词不定式作宾语）
典型例题 3
We decide _____(plan) for our summer holiday.
答案：to plan（decide后接动词不定式作宾语

② 在动词find、think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在后面。
典型例题 1
I find it easy__________ English every day.
A. reading B. to read C. read D. reads
答案：B（此题考查it作形式主语的用法：find+it+adj.+to do sth.）
典型例题 2
He finds it hard ________(catch up with) his classmates.
答案：to catch up with（此题考查it作形式主语的用法：find+it+adj.+to do sth.）
典型例题 3
I think ______ important ______ early.
A. it; sleeping B. it; to sleep C. that; sleeping D. it; sleeps
答案：B（此题考查it作形式主语的用法：think+it+adj.+to do sth.）

考点3：不定式作宾语补足语。

① 不定式作宾语补足语时与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系。
Tom asked him to turn off the radio. 汤姆要他关掉录音机。
I want my father to buy a kite for me. 我想要我爸爸给我买个风筝。
The teacher warned the students not to cheat in the exam. 老师警告学生不要考试作弊。

② 使役动词和感官类动词用不定式作宾补时，不定式要省略to。这样的动词有：make, let, see, watch, hear, notice等。
My mother lets me cook the dinner. 妈妈让我烧饭。
I often see the old man take a walk in the park. 我经常看到这个老人在公园里散步。
Can you hear someone sing in the next room? 你能听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌吗？

考点4：不定式作表语。

不定式作表语说明主语的特征和属性。
My job is to teach English. 我的工作是教英语。
Her dream is to become a scientist. 她的梦想是成为一个科学家。
Our goal is to win the game. 我们的目标是赢得比赛。

考点5：不定式作定语。

不定式作定语时，应放在名词后面，它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。如果是不定式不及动词，且与被修饰词之间有动宾关系时，要在不定式后面加上适当的介词。
I have a lot of homework to do. 我有很多家庭作业要做。
There is nothing to worry about. 没有什么好担心的。
We are looking for a hotel to live in.我们正在找一个宾馆住下。

考点6：不定式作状语。

不定式作状语，表示目的，意为“为了……”。
典型例题 1
I come here__________ my grandparents.
A. visiting B. to visit C. visited D. visits
答案：B（这里动词不定式to visit my grandparents用作目的状语）
典型例题 2
, he works hard.
A. To live well B. Living well C. Lives well D. Lived well
答案：A（这里动词不定式to live well用作目的状语）

考点7：不定式常与特殊疑问词what，which，when, where, how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。

典型例题 1
I don’t know the museum.
A. how can I get to B. how get to C. how to get to D. how to get
答案：C（此题考查特殊疑问词+不定式的用法）
典型例题 2
The teacher is telling the students .
A. what to do B. what to do it C. what can they do D. what doing
答案：A（此题考查特殊疑问词+不定式的用法）
典型例题 3
They haven’t decided tomorrow morning.
A. when set off B. when to set off C. when setting off D. when sets off
答案：B（此题考查特殊疑问词+不定式的用法）

考点二：
动名词的用法

考点1：动名词作主语。

动名词作主语多表示习惯性动作，谓语动词用单数。
Collecting stamps is his hobby. 集邮是他的爱好。
Eating too much is bad for health. 吃太多对你的健康有害。
Speaking loudly in the reading room is not allowed. 在阅览室里大声说话是不允许的。

考点2：动名词作宾语。

动名词作宾语放在某些动词后边以及介词后面，表示一般的习惯或经常性的动作。常见的这类动词有：finish, enjoy, mind, imagine, miss, spend, keep, practice, allow, advise, feel like, have fun等。
I have finished doing my homework. 我已经做完作业了。
Do you mind opening the window for us? 你介意帮我们打开窗户吗？
The children feel like drinking some water. 孩子们想喝点水。
What about going swimming in the afternoon? 下午去游泳怎么样啊？

考点3：动名词作表语。

Her job is teaching English. 她的工作是教英语。
My hobby is lying on the bed and watching TV. 我的爱好是躺在床上看电视。

考点4：动名词作定语。

动名词作定语表示所修饰名词的用途、作用等。

a swimming pool 游泳池
the reading room 阅览室
teaching methods 教学方法

考点5：某些动词后接不定式和动名词的区别。

① stop to do 停下来去做另一件事
stop doing 停止做某事
He stopped to have a rest. 他停下来休息了会。
Let’s stop talking. 让我们停止谈话。

② forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做）
forget doing 忘记做某事（已做）
Don’t forget to turn off the light. 不要忘记关灯。
He forgot locking the door. 他忘记把门已经锁了。

③ remember to do 记得要去做某事（未做）
remember doing 记得做过某事（已做）
Remember to hand in your homework. 记得交作业。
Don’t you remember seeing the person before? 你不记得以前见过这个人吗？

④ regret to do 对要做的事表示遗憾（未做）
regret doing 对做过的事表示遗憾（已做）
I regret to tell you that I have failed in the exam. 我很后悔告诉你我考试没过。
The lady doesn’t regret marrying the man. 这个女的不后悔嫁给这个男的。

⑤ try to do 设法或努力做某事
try doing 尝试做某事
We must try to be more careful. 我们必须多加小心。
He is trying opening the door. 他正在尝试打开门。

⑥ mean to do 打算做某事
mean doing 意味着做某事
I mean to buy a car, but I have no money. 我打算买俩车，但是我没钱。
Doing that means wasting time. 那样做意味着浪费时间。

⑦ go on to do 放下手头的事继续做别的事
go on doing 继续做原来的事
We got up and went on to have breakfast. 我们起床后，接着吃早饭。
He didn’t have a rest and went on working. 他没有休息，继续工作着。
考点三：
分词的用法

考点1：分词的分类及用法。

① 分词分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词由“动词+ing”构成。过去分词由动词+ed”构成，但也有不规则变化。

② 现在分词有主动、进行之意；过去分词有被动、完成之意。

考点2：分词作定语。

典型例题 1
Do you know the girl under the tree?
A. standing B. stands C. stand D. stood
答案：A（此处现在分词短语standing under the tree用作定语）
典型例题 2
I bought a table .
A. making of wood B. made of wood
C. makes of wood D. make of wood
答案：B（此处过去分词短语made of wood用作定语）
典型例题 3
This is a book from the library.
A. borrowing B. borrows C. borrow D. borrowed
答案：D（此处过去分词短语borrowed from the library用作定语）

考点3：分词作表语。

现在分词表示主语的性质、特征，过去分词表示某种状态。
典型例题 1
That film is very .
A. interesting B. interest C. interested D. interests
答案：A（interesting表示“有趣的”，强调某个物体很有趣）
典型例题 2
Tom felt when he saw a snake.
A. frightened B. frightening C. frighten D. frightens
答案：A（frightened表示“感到害怕的”，强调某个人感到害怕）
典型例题 3
They got after they heard the good news.
A. excite B. excites C. excited D. exciting
答案：C（excited表示“感到兴奋的”，强调某人感到兴奋）

考点4：分词作状语。

现在分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是主句主语；过去分词作状语时，其逻辑宾语是主句主语。
典型例题 1
The students went out of the classroom, .
A. laughing and sing B. laughing and singing
C. laughed and sung D. laughing and sung
答案：B（此处现在分词laughing and singing表示伴随状况，作伴随状语）
典型例题 2
, the village is beautiful.
A. Seeing from the mountain B. Seen from the mountain
C. See from the mountain D. Sees from the mountain
答案：B（此处过去分词短语seen from the mountain用来作状语）
典型例题 3
, he jumped up.
A. Hearing this B. Hear this C. Hears this D. Heard this
答案：A（此处现在分词短语hearing this用来作状语）
三、 巩固训练
(2013●淮安市)1. At times, parents find it difficult ________ with their teenage children.
A. talk B. talked C. talking D. to talk
(2014●淮安市)2. --- What else should we pay attention to _______ building the bridge?
---The change of the weather, I think..
A. finish B. finished C. to finish D. finishing
(2016●淮安市)3.______ great fun Andrew has ______ DIY in the art room with his classmates!
A. What; doing B What; done C. How; doing D. How; done
(2013●南京市)4. ---Why are you so excited today?
---We were told _________ a picnic this weekend.
A. have B. to have C. having D. had
(2014●南通市)5. Why have you stopped_______, Kitty? The singing competition is coming up soon!
A.to practice to sing B.to practice singing
C.practicing to sing D.practicing singing
(2015●南通市)6.This sign is used tourists to stay away from the lion in the zoo.
A.to warn B.to warning C.to make D.to making
(2016●南通市)7.The couple will be away for a while and they need someone the baby.
A.look after B.looking after C.looked after D.to look after
(2014●苏州市)8.The driver wanted________his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.
A.park B.parked C.to park D.parking
(2015●苏州市)9. I was tired out, so I stopped the car a short rest.
A. have B. having C. to have D. had
(2016●泰州市)10. ---Mr Ling, I have some difficulty the article.
---Remember it three or four times at least.
A. to understand; reading B. understanding; reading
C. understanding; to read D. to understand; to read
(2013•无锡市)11. Don't throw away the waste paper. It needs__________so that it can be reused.
A. to destroy B. destroying C. to collect D. collecting
(2013•宿迁市)12.It's dangerous a close look at the tiger in the zoo.
A. for us taking B. of us to take C. of us taking D. for us to take
(2013•宿迁市)13.At present, lots of people would rather in the country because there is pollution in the city.
A. live; more B. to live; less C. live; less D. to live; more
(2015•宿迁市)14. I heard Tom ________ when I walked past his room yesterday.
A. sing B. singing C. to sing D. sang
(2012•徐州市)15.I'm sleepy. I prefer __________ at home to going out for a walk.
A. sleeping B. to sleep C. slept D. sleep
(2014•徐州市)16. It was dark outside. Sue decided to the bank alone.
A. not going B. going not C. not to go D. to not go
(2016•徐州市)17.David said that the glass was broken and warned me __________ it.
A. don't touch B. to not touch C. not to touch D. no touching
(2016•盐城市)18. We must do everything we can ______waste water from running into rivers .
A. prevent B. prevented C. preventing D. to prevent
(2013•扬州市)19.---What are you going to do when you grow up?
---A singer, but my parents wish me _________ a teacher.
A. am B. to be C. will be D. be
(2014•扬州市)20 --- Some children can't afford ________ necessary stationary.
--- Let's donate our pocket money to them.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. be bought
(2015•扬州市)21. ---What should we take when going birdwatching?
---We should take a pair of binoculars ____________the birds clearly.
A. see B.seeing C.to see D.sees
(2013•镇江市)22. He ______ dinner at restaurants last year, but now he usually comes tack home after work and cooks supper for his family.
A. used to have B. is used to have C. was used to have D. is used to having
(2014•镇江市)23. Spring Bud Project is an organization that raises money poor young girls return to school.
A. to save B. saving C. helping D. to help
(2015•镇江市) 24. ---Does your aunt only have a piece of bread for supper?
---Yes. She eats a little .She looks slimmer than before.
A. to save money B. to lose weight C. saving money D. losing weight
(2016•镇江市)25. Our country encourages more students football. Now many football clubs have been set up in schools.
A. play B. playing C. to play D. will play

答案解析
1.选D。此题考查find+it+adj.+to do sth.的用法，这里it是形式宾语，代替真正的宾语动词不定式。
2.选C。此处动词不定式to finish building the bridge用作目的状语。
3.选A。have fun doing sth.表示“开心做某事”。
4.选B。tell sb. to do sth.表示“告诉某人做某事”，被动形式为be told to do sth.。

11.选D。need collecting相当于need to be collected表示“需要被收集”。
12.选D。此题考查句型：It's+adj.+for sb.+to do sth.。
13.选C。第一空考查would rather do sth.“宁愿做某事”，第二空表示“农村有更少的污染”。
14.选B。hear sb. doing sth.表示“听到某人正在做某事”。
15.选A。prefer doing sth. to doing sth.表示“同做某事比起来更喜欢做某事”。
16.选C。decide not to do sth.表示“决定不做某事”。
17.选C。warn sb. not to do sth.表示“警告某人不要做某事”。
18.选D。此处动词不定式to prevent waste water from running into rivers用作目的状语。
19.选B。wish sb. to do sth.表示“希望某人做某事”。