人教版英语八年级上册unit-1--10知识点总结强大.doc

Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?
一、词组、短语：

1、go on vacation去度假
2、 stay at home 呆在家
3、go to the mountains 上山/进山
4、 go to the beach到海边去
5、visit museums 参观博物馆
6、go to summer camp 去夏令营
7、 quite a few 相当多
8、study for为……学习
9、go out 出去
10、most of the time 大部分时间/绝大多数时
11、taste good 尝起来味道好
12、have a good time玩的开心
13、of course当然可以
14、feel like感觉像……/想要
15、go shopping购物
16、in the past 在过去
17、walk around绕……走
18、too many 太多（可数名词前面）
19、because of 因为
20、one bowl of 一碗……
21、find out 查出来/发现
22、go on继续
23、take photos 照相
24、something important重要的事情
25、up and down上上下下

26、come up出来

二、重要句子（语法）：
Where did you go on vacation? 你到哪里去度假了？
I went to New York City. 我去了纽约城
Did you go out with anyone? 你出去带人吗？
No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation. 不，没有人在这儿。大家度去度假了。
Did you buy anything special? 你买了什么特别的东西吗？
Yes, I bought something for my father. 对，我给父亲买了一些东西。
How was the food? 食物怎么样？
Everything tasted really good. 每一样东西真的都好吃。
Did everyone have a good time? 大家玩的开心吗？
Oh, yes. Everything was excellent. 对，一切都很精彩。

三、习惯用法、搭配
1. buy sth. for ab./ buy sb. sth. 为某人买某物 2. taste + adj. 尝起来……
3. nothing ….but + V.(原形) 除了……之外什么都没有
There was nothing much to do in the evening but read.晚上除了读书以外无事可做。
4. seem + (to be) + adj 看起来 5. arrive in + 大地方 / arrive at + 小地方 到达某地
6. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 7. try doing sth. 尝试做某事 / try to do sth. 尽力做某事
8. enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事 9. want to do sth. 想去做某事
10. start doing sth. 开始做某事 11. stop doing sth. 停止正在做的某事
12. look + adj 看起来 13. dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事
14. Why not do sth. 为什么不做…….呢？ 15. so + adj + that + 从句 如此……以至于……
16. tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不要） 做某事 17. keep doing sth. 继续做某事
18. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 / forget doing sth 忘记做过某事

四、词语辨析：
1. anywhere 与 somewhere 两者都是不定副词。
anywhere 在任何地方 ， 常用于否定句和疑问句中。I can’t find it anywhere.
somewhere 在某处，到某处，常用于肯定句。 I lost my key somewhere near here.
2. seem + 形容词 看起来….. You seem happy today.
seem + to do sth. 似乎、好像做某事 I seem to have a cold 我好像感冒了。
It seems / seemed + 从句 看起来好像…；似乎…. It seems that no one believe you.
seem like ….好像，似乎….. It seems like a god idea.
3. decide to do sth.决定做某事 They decide to visit the museum.
decide + 疑问词 + 动词不定式 He can not decide when to leave.
decide on sth. 选定某物，decide on doing sth.选定做某事。
I decide on the red hat. This summer I decide on taking a trip to Guizhou.
choose 选择，choose to do sth. 选择做某事
4. start doing sth = start to do sth. 开始，可与begin 互换 。
He started doing his homework.
但以下几种情况不能用begin .
1) 创办，开办： He started a new bookshop last month.

2) 机器开动： I can’t start my car.
3) 出发，动身： I will start tomorrow morning.
5. over 介词，多于，超过，在…以上（表示数目、程度）
= more than多于、超出、比...多 My father is over 40 years old.
在…之上，与物体垂直且不接触，与 under 相反。 There is a map over the blackboard.
通过 I hear the news over the radio.
6. too many 太多，后接可数名词复数： Mother bought too many eggs yesterday.
too much 太多，修饰不可数名词，修饰动词作状语。
We have too much work to do. Don’t talk too much.
much too 太，修饰形容词或副词。
The hat is much too big for me. You’re walking much too fast.
分辨三者的口诀： too much, much too, 用法区别看后头：
much 后接不可数， too 后修饰形或副。
too many 要记住，后面名词必复数。
7. because of 介词短语，因为，由于，后接名词、代词或动名词，不能接句子。
He can’t take a walk because of the rain.
because 连词，因为，引导状语从句，表示直接明确的原因或理由。
I don’t buy the shirt because it was too expensive.

1. What a difference a day makes!多么不同的一天啊!
2. Still on one seemed to be bored.然而没有人看起来很厌倦。
3. I wonder what life was like here in the past我想知道在过去这儿的生活是什么样子。
4. Everything was great/ wonderful/ good /excellent /nice.一切都那样的好。
5. There was nothing much to do in the evening but read.晚上除了读书以外无事可做。
6. It was raining hard. 雨下得很大。
7. Because of the bad weather, we couldn’t see anything below.由于这个坏天气，我们不能看见下面的任何东西。
8. The food tasted great because I was so hungry!因为我是如此的饿，食物尝起来很好。
9. But the next day was not as good. 但是，第二天就没有那样好了。
10. The city looked wonderful from the top of the hill.从山顶上看，这个城市棒极了。
11. We didn’t have an umbrella so we were wet and cold.我们没有带伞所以我们全身又湿又冷。
Unit 2 How often do you exercise?
一、词组、短语
1、help with housework 帮助做家务活
2、go shopping 购物
3、on weekends 在周末
4、how often 多久一次
5、hardly ever几乎不
6、once a week 每周一次
7、twice a month每月二次
8、go to the movies去看电影，
9、every day 每天
10、use the Internet上网/用网
11、be free有空

12、have dance and piano lessons 上舞蹈钢琴
13、swing dance摇摆舞
14、play tennis 打网球
15、stay up late熬夜
16、at least至少
17、go to bed early 早睡
18、 play sports 锻炼身体
19、be good for 对…有好处
20、go camping去野营
21、in one’s free time 在某人的空闲时间
22、not….at all 根本不
23、the most popular 最流行
24、such as例如
25、go to the dentist去看牙医
26、more than 超过/多于
27、Old habits die hard.旧习惯难改
28、 hard=difficult 困难的
29、less than 少于/不到

二、重要句子（语法）：
I go to the movies maybe once a month.可能一个月看一次。
How often does he watch TV? 他多久看电视一次？
He hardly ever watches TV.他几乎不看电视。
Do you go shopping 你购物吗？
No, I never go shopping.不，我从来就不购物。
1. Here are the results.下面就是结果
2. We found that only fifteen percent of our students exercise every day.
我们发现仅仅百分之十五的学生每天锻炼。
3. We all know that many students often go online, we were surprised that ninety percent of them use the Internet every day.
我们都知道很多学生经常上网，我们很吃惊他们中有百分之九十的人每天上网。
4. Although many students like to watch sports, game shows are the most popular.
虽然很多学生喜欢看体育节目，但游戏节目依然是最受欢迎的。
5. It is good to relax by using the Internet or watching game shows, but we think the best way to relax is through exercise.
通过上网或看游戏节目来放松很好，但是我们认为最好的放松方法还是通过锻炼。
by , through 介词表示通过某种方式+动词ing 和名词。 the best way to do sth.
6. It’s healthy for the mind and the body.对思想和身体都很健康。
7. So start exercising before it’s too late!开始锻炼，为时不晚。

三、习惯用法、搭配
1. help sb. with sth 帮助某人做某事
2. How about…? =What about…? ….怎么样？/ ….好不好？
3. want sb. to do sth. 想让某人做某事
4. How many + 可数名词复数+ 一般疑问句 ….有多少…..
5. 主语+ find+ that 从句 …发现…
6. It’s + adj.+ for sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说，做某事是….的
7. spend time with sb. 和某人一起度过时光
8. ask sb. about sth. 向某人询问某事
9. by doing sth. 通过做某事
10. What’s your favorite…..? 你最喜欢的……是什么？
11 start doing sth. 开始做某事
12. the best way to do sth. 做某事的最好方式

四、词语辨析
1. how often 多久一次，用来提问动作发生的频率。回答用：once，twice, three times 等词语。
How often do you play sports? Three times a week.
how long 多长，用来询问多长时间，也可询问某物有多长。
How long does it take to get to Shanghai from here? How long is the ruler?
how far 多远， 用来询问距离，指路程的远近。
How far is it from here to the park? It’s about 2 kilometers.
2. free 空闲的，有空的， 反义词为 busy. be free 有空，闲着，相当于 have time.
I’ll be free next week. = I’ll have time next week.
还可作“免费的、自由的”解。be free to do sth. 自由地做某事。
The tickets are free. You’re free to go or to stay
3. How come？ 怎么会？ 怎么回事？表示某件事情很奇怪，有点想不通；可单独使用，也可引导一个问句， 相当于疑问句 why, 但 how come 开头的特殊疑问句使用的仍然是陈述语序。
How come Tom didn’t come to the party? = Why didn’t Tom come to the party?
4. stay up late 指“熬夜到很晚，迟睡”。 Don’t stay up late next time.
stay up 指“熬夜，不睡觉”。 He stayed up all night to write his story.
5. go to bed 强调“上床睡觉”的动作及过程，但人不一定睡着。
I went to bed at eleven last night.
go to sleep 强调“入睡，睡着，进入梦乡”。 She was so tired that she went to sleep soon.
6. find + 宾语 +名词, 发现 ： We have found him (to be) a good boy.
find + 宾语 + 形容词， 发现： He found the room dirty.
find + 宾语 + 现在分词， 发现 ： I found her standing at the door. 发现某人正在做
7. percent 百分数， 基数词 + percent： percent 没有复数形式，作主语时，根据所修饰的名词来判断谓语的单复数。
Forty percent of the students in our class are girls. Thirty percent of the rice is good.
8. more than 超过，多于，不仅仅， 相当于 over. 在句型转换中考查两者的同义替换。
反义词组为：less than. I lived in Shanghai for more than / over ten years.
9. afraid 形容词， 担心的，害怕的，在句中作表语，不用在名词前作定语。
I’m afraid（ we can’t come here on time.） be afraid 在这里是接了从句。
be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事
be afraid of sb / sth 害怕某人 / 某事； be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事。
Some children are afraid of the dark. Don’t be afraid of asking question.
I’m afraid + 从句， 恐怕， 担心： I’m afraid I have to go now.
be afraid to do sth. I am not afraid to talk with the foreigner. 我不害怕和外国人交流。
10. sometimes , sometime, some times , some time 的区别：
sometimes 频度副词， 有时。表示动作发生的不经常性，多与一般现在时连用，可位于句首、句中或句末。
Sometimes I get up very early. ------How often do you get up?
sometime 副词，某个时候。 表示不确切或不具体的时间，常用于过去时或将来时，对它用疑问词when.
I will go to Shanghai sometime next week. ------When will you go to Shanghai next week?
some times 名词词组， 几次，几倍。其中time 是可数名词，对它提问用how many times.
I have read the story some times. -------How many times have you read the story?
some time 名词短语， 一段时间. 表示“一段时间”时，句中谓语动词常为延续性动词，提问时用 How long.
I ’ll stay here for some time. -----How long will you stay here?

Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister
一、词组、短语：

1. more outgoing 更外向/更开朗，
2. as...as...与……一样，
3. the singing competition 歌咏比赛，
4. the most important最重要的，
5. be talented in 在某方面有天赋，
6. the same as与……相同
7. care about 关心/留意/关注，
8. be different from与…不同，
9. be like a mirror 像一面镜子，

10. as long as只要；与…一样长
11. bring out显示/显出，
12. get better grades取得好成绩，
13. reach for伸手达到/达到
14. touch one’s heart 感动，
15. in fact 事实上，
16. make friends交朋友，
17. be good at 在某方面成绩好，
18. the other另一个，
19. be similar to 与…相似，
20. be good with与…和睦相处

二、重要句子（语法）：
1. play better than somebody 比某人打得更好
2. sing more loudly\ clearly than somebody 唱得比某人更大声\清楚
3. run faster than somebody 跑得比某人更快
4. jump much\ a little higher than somebody跳得比某人高得多\ 高一点儿
5. work much\ a little harder than somebody工作比某人努力得多\努力一点儿
(much, a little, a lot 修饰形容词比较级表示程度深浅)
6. be much less hard-working 更不努力得多
be much more hard-working努力得多
7. get up earlier than somebody比某人起得更早
work as hard as somebody和某人一样工作努力
8. be as friendly as somebody和某人一样友好
9. the singing competition yesterday昨天的唱歌比赛
10. sing so well唱得如此好 Which one…?哪一个？
11. the one with shorter hair留着更短的头发的那一个
12. want to win想赢
The most important thing is to learn something new 最重要的事情学新东西
13. have cool clothes穿漂亮衣服
14. be talented in （doing）something在某方面有天赋
15. do the same things as somebody (do) 和某人做一样的事情
16. be the same as somebody和某人一样
truly care about somebody真正地关心某人
17. make somebody laugh让某人大笑 a good listener一个好的倾听者
18. enjoy studying together喜欢一起学习 be different from…与……不同
19. help to bring out the best \ worst in somebody帮助显现出某人身上最好的\最坏的品质
20. get better at something\ doing something变得擅长于做……
21. be better at something \ doing something than somebody比某人更擅长于……
22. broke my arm把我的手臂弄折了
23. feel better感到更好了 talk about and share everything谈论和分享一切
24. be similar to…与……相似 a friend who is similar to me与我相似的一个朋友
25. a friend who is different from me与我不同的一个朋友
26. weekend student helper周末学生助手 primary school小学
27. have a good grade in English有很高的英语分数
28. get more information获得更多信息
必背句子
1. Sam has longer hair than Tom. = Sam’s hair is longer than Tom’s.
Sam 的头发比Tom的长
2. I’m taller now than I was 2 years ago = I was shorter 2 years ago than I am now.
现在的我比两年前更高
3. I study harder now than I did 2 years ago. 现在的我比两年前学习更努力了。
4. I studied harder 2 years ago than I do now.两年前的我比现在学习更努力。
5. Who is smarter, your mother or your father?谁更聪明，你的老爸还是老妈？
6. My mother told me a good friend is like a mirror.妈告诉我好朋友像一面镜子。
7. That’s why I like reading books.那就是我为什么喜欢读书。
8. I think friends are like books —— you don’t need a lot of them as long as they’re good.
我认为朋友像书，只要是好的就不必需要太多。
9. I’m shy so it’s not easy for me to make friends.我很害羞，所以交朋友对于我来说不容易。
10. It’s not necessary to be the same.没有必要一样。
11. I don’t really care if my friends are the same as me or different.
我不太关心朋友是否与我一样。
12. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart.
真朋友在你需要是帮助你，打动你。
13. In fact, she’s funnier than anyone.事实上，她比任何人都更幽默。
14. In what ways are you different?你们在哪些方面不同？
15. Is he different from you in any way?在某方面他与你不同吗？
16. She’s always there to listen.她总是准备着倾听。
17. Huang Lei isn’t as good at tennis as Larry. Huang Lei打网球不如Larry。

三、习惯用法、搭配
1. have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣
2. want to do sth. 想要做某事
3. as + 形容词或副词的原级 + as 与…一样… as friendly as
4. be good at doing sth 擅长做某事
5. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事
6. It’s+ 形容词 + for sb. to do sth.. 对某人来说，做某事是……的

语法：
Is Tom smarter than Sam? 汤姆比萨姆更聪明吗？
No, he isn’t. Sam is smarter than Tom. 不是，萨姆比汤姆更聪明。
Is Tara more outgoing than Tina? Tara比Tina更开朗吗？
No, she isn’t. Tina is more outgoing than Tara. 不是，Tina比Tara更开。
Are you as friendly as your sister? 你与你的姐姐一样友好吗？
No, I’m not. I’m friendlier.不是，我更友好。
Does Tara work as hard as Tina? Tara与Tina一样学习认真吗？
Who’s more hardworking at school? 在学校谁更勤奋？
Tina thinks she works harder than me. Tina认为她比我更努力。

四、 词语辨析
laugh v. & n. 笑
We all laughed loudly when she made a joke. 她说了个笑话，我们都大声笑起来。
We all laughed at his joke. 听了他的笑话我们都笑起来。
He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑在最后，谁笑得最好。/不要高兴得太早。
（与at连用）嘲笑Don’t laugh at him. 别嘲笑他。
People have often laughed at stories told by seamen.人们常常嘲笑海员所讲的故事。
Everyone laughed at his foolish antics. 大家都笑他那种愚蠢的滑稽动作。
笑；笑声 We had a good laugh at his joke. 我们被他的笑话逗得哈哈大笑。
though conj. 虽然；纵然；即使；尽管 = although
Though it was raining，he went there. 虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。
Though he was poor he was happy. 虽然他很穷却很快乐。
注意：不能受汉语的影响，在though引导的从句后使用but。如：
Though he was poor，but he was happy.（误）
though adv.. 不过，可是，然而，常用于句末，用逗号隔开。
Jim said that he would come, he didn’t, though.
语法讲解：
形容词与副词的比较级
大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。
1．规则变化 单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
一般单音节词末尾加-er，-est
tall（高的）
great（巨大的）
taller
greater
tallest
greatest
以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r，-st
nice（好的）
large（大的）
nicer
larger
nicest
largest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅
音字母，再加-er，-est
big（大的）
hot（热的）
bigger
hotter
biggest
hottest
“以辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，
-est
easy（容易的）
busy（忙的）
easier
busier
easiest
busiest
少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er，-est
clever（聪明的）
narrow（窄的）
cleverer
narrower
cleverest
narrowest
其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加moremost来构成比较级和最高级
important（重要的）
easily（容易地）
more important
more easily
most important
most easily

2．不规则变化
原级
比较级
最高级
good（好的）well（健康的）
better
best
bad（坏的）ill（有病的）
worse
worst
old（老的）
older/elder
oldest/eldest
much/many（多的）
more
most
little（少的）
less
least
far（远的）
farther/further
farthest/furthest

注意 双音节副词的比较级一般在前加 more/最高级在前加 most：
more loudly, clearly, quietly/ most clearly, quietly, loudly.
但是，friendly 和healthy是形容词他们的比较是：friendlier 和healthier.
最高级是：friendliest, healthiest
talented, crowded 的比较级都是在前加more。more talented, more c