2023年在职硕士同等学力冲刺班阅读和完型讲义.doc

模拟试题一
Passage one
The lives of very few Newark residents are untouched by violence: New Jersey’s biggest city has seen it all. Yet the murder of three young people, who were forced to kneel before being shot in the back of the head in a school playground on August 4th, has shaken the city. A fourth, who survived, was stabbed and shot in the face. The four victims were by all accounts good kids, all enrolled in college, all with a future. But the cruel murder, it seems, has at last forced Newarkers to say they have had enough.
Grassroots organizations, like Stop Shooting, have been flooded with offers of help and support since the killings. Yusef Ismail, its co-founder, says the group has been going door-to-door asking people to sign a pledge of non-violence. They hope to get 50,000 to promise to “stop shooting, start thinking, and keep living.” The Newark Community Foundation, which was launched last month, announced on August 14th that it will help pay for Community Eye, a surveillance(监视) system tailored towards gun crime.
Cory Booker who became mayor 13 months ago with a mission to revitalize the city, believes the surveillance program will be the largest camera and audio network in any American city. More than 30 cameras were installed earlier this summer and a further 50 will be installed soon in a seven-square mile area where 80% of the city’s recent shootings have occurred. And more cameras are planned.
When a gunshot is detected, the surveillance camera zooms in on that spot. Similar technology in Chicago has increased arrests and decreased shootings. Mr. Booker plans to announce a comprehensive gun strategy later this week.
Mr. Booker, as well as church leaders and others, believes(or hopes)that after the murder the city will no longer stand by in coldness. For generations, Newark has been paralyzed by poverty ----almost one in three people lives below the poverty line----and growing indifference to crime.
Some are skeptical.Steve Malanga of the conservative Manhattan Institute notes that Newark has deep social problems: over 60% of children are in homes without fathers. The school system, taken over by the state in 1995, is a mess. But there is also some cause for hope. Since Mr. Booker was elected, there has been a rise in investment and re-zoning for development. Only around 7% of nearby Newark airport workers used to come from Newark now, a year, the figure is 30%.Mr Booker has launched a New York-style war on crime. So far this year, crime has fallen 11% and shootings are down 30 %( through the murder rate looks likely to match last year’s high).

31. What happened in Newark, New Jersey on August 4th?
A. The Newark residents witnessed a murder.
B. Four young people were killed in a school playground.
C. The new mayor of Newark took office.
D. Four college students fell victim to violence.
32. Judging from the context, the “Community Eye”(Line5,Para 2)is_____
A. a watching system for gun crime
B. a neighborhood protection organization
C. an unprofitable community business
D. a grassroots organization
33.We learn from the passage that Newark has all the following problems EXCEPT_____
A. violence B. flood
C. poverty D. indifference

34. It can be inferred from the passage that the church leaders _______________.
A. detect a gunshot
B. believe the city will deal with the crime
C. grow indifference to crime
D. are skeptical

35. Mayor Booker’s effort against crime seem to be ______
A. idealistic B. impractical
C. effective D. fruitless
36. The best title for the passage may be _____
A. Stop Shooting, Start Thinking, and Keep Living
B. Efforts to Fight against Gun Crimes
C. A Mission to Revitalize the City
D. Violent Murders in Newark
Passage Two
According to a recent survey on money and relationships, 36 percent of people are keeping a bank account from their partner. While this financial unfaithfulness may appear as distrust in a relationship, in truth it may just be a form of financial protection.
With almost half of all marriages ending in divorce, men and women are realizing they need to be financially savvy, regardless of whether they are in a relationship.
The financial hardship on individuals after a divorce can be extremely difficult, even more so when children are involved. The lack of permanency in relationships, jobs and family life may be the cause of a growing trend to keep a secret bank account hidden from a partner; in other words, an ”escape fund”.
Margaret’s story is far from unique. She is a representative of a growing number of women in long-term relationships who are becoming protective of their own earnings.
Every month on pay day, she banks hundreds of dollars into a savings account she keeps from her husband. She has been doing this throughout their six-year marriage and has built a nest egg worth an incredible $100,000 on top of her pension.
Margaret says if her husband found out about her secret savings he’d hurt and would interpret this as a sign she wasn’t sure of the marriage.” He’d think it was my escape fun so that financially I could afford to get out of the relationship if it went wrong. I know you should approach marriage as being forever and I hope ours is, but you can never be sure.”
Like many of her fellow secret savers, Margaret was stung in a former relationship and has since been very guarded about her own money.
Coming clean to your partner about being a secret saver may not be all that bad. Take Colleen for example, who had been saving secretly for a few years before she confessed to her partner. ”I decided to open a savings account and start building a nest egg of my own. I wanted to prove to myself that I could put money in the bank and leave it there for a rainy day.”
“When John found out about my secret savings, he was a little suspicious of my motives. I reassured him that this was certainly not an escape fund that I feel very secure in out relationship. I have to admit that it does feel good to have my own money on reserve if ever there are rainy days in the future. It’s sensible to build and protect your personal financial security.”
37. The trend to keep a secret bank account is growing because______
A. escape fund helps one through rainy days
B. days are getting harder and harder
C. women are money sensitive
D. financial conflicts often occur
38. The word “savvy”(Line2,Para 2)probably means_______
A. suspicious B. secure
C. shrewd D. simple

39.What would Margaret’s husband probably do if he found out about her secret savings?
A. breaks up with her
B. builds a nest egg for her
C. interprets this as a divorcing signal
D. escapes the wrong place

40. Which inference can we make about Margaret?
A. She is a unique woman. B. She was once divorced.
C. She is going to retire. D. She has many children.
41. The author mentions Colleen’s example to show_____
A. any couple can avoid marriage conflicts
B. privacy within marriage should be respected
C. everyone can save a fortune with a happy marriage
D. financial disclosure is not necessarily bad
42. Which of the following best summary this passage?
A. Secret Savers B. Love Is What It’s Worth
C. Banking Honesty D. Once Bitten, Twice Shy

Passage Three
“The word ‘protection’ is no longer taboo (禁忌语)”. This short sentence, uttered by French President Nicolas Sarkozy last month, may have launched a new era in economic history. Why? For decades, Western leaders have believed that lowering trade barriers and tariffs was a natural good. Doing so, they reasoned, would lead to greater economic efficiency and productivity, which in turn would improve human welfare. Championing free trade thus became a moral, not just an economic, cause.
These leaders, of course, weren’t acting out of unselfishness. They knew their economies were the most competitive, so they’d profit most from liberalization. And developing countries feared that their economies would be swamped by superior Western productivity. Today, however, the tables have turned---though few acknowledge it. The West continues to preach free trade, but practices it less and less. Asian, meanwhile, continues to plead for special protection but practices more and more free trade.
That’s why Sarkozy’s words were so important he finally injected some honesty into the trade debates. The truth is that large parts of the West are losing faith in tree trade, though few leaders admit it. Some economists are more honest. Paul Krugman is one of the few willing to acknowledge that protectionist arguments are returning. In the short run, there will be winners and losers under free trade. This, of course, is what capitalism is all about. But more and more of these losers will be in the West, Economists in the developed world used to love quoting Jonoph Schumpeter, who said that ‘creative destruction” was an essential part of capitalist growth. But they always assumed that destruction would happen over there. When Western workers began losing jobs, suddenly their leaders began to lose faith in their principles, Things have yet to reverse completely. But there’s clearly a negative trend in a Western theory and practice
A little hypocrisy (虚伪) is not in itself a serious problem. The real problem is that Western governments continue to insist that they retain control of the key global economic and financial institutions while drifting away from global liberalization. Lock at what’s happening at the IMF (International Monetary Fund) The Europeans have demanded that they keep the post of managing director. But all too often, Western officials put their own interests above everyone else’s when they dominate these global institutions.
The time has therefore come for the Asians-who are clearly the new winners in today’s global economy-to provide more intellectual leadership in supporting free trade: Sadly, they have yet to do so. Unless Asians speak out, however, there’s a real danger that Adam Smith’s principles, which have brought so much good to the world, could gradually die. And that would leave all of us, worse off, in one way or another.

43. It can be inferred that “protection” (Line 1, Para.1) means________
A. improving economic efficiency.
B. ending the free-trade practice
C. lowering moral standard
D. raising trade tariffs
44. The Western leaders preach free trade because________
A. it is beneficial to their economies
B. it is supported by developing countries
C. it makes them keep faith in their principles
D. it is advocated by Joseph Schumpeter and Adam Smith
45. By “the tables have turned” (Line 3-4,Para.2) the author implies that________
A. the Western leaders have turned self-centered
B. the Asian leaders have become advocates of free trade
C. the developed economies have turned less competitive
D. the developing economies have become more independent
46. The Western economies used to like the idea of “creative destruction” because it________
A. set a long-term rather than short-turn goal
B. was an essential part of capitalist development
C. contained a positive rather than negative mentality
D. was meant to be the destruction of developing economies
47. The author uses “IMF” was an example to illustrate the point that_______
A. European leaders are reluctant to admit they are hypocritical
B. there is an inconsistency between Western theory and practice
C. global institutions are not being led by true globalization advocates
D. European countries’ interests are being ignored by economic leaders

48.Which of the following is true about Asians?
A. Asians have to speak out the protection
B. Asians have demand that they keep the post of managers
C. Asians succeed in today’s global economy
D. Asians succeed by Adam Smith’s principles

Passage Four
Names have gained increasing importance in the competitive world of higher education. As colleges strive for market share, they are looking for names that project the image they want or reflect the changes they hope to make. Trenton. State College, for example, became the College of New Jersey nine years ago when it began raising admissions standards and appealing to students from throughout the state.
“All I hear in higher education is, ‘Brand, brand, brand’ ” said Tim Westerbeck, who specializes in branding and is managing director of Lipman Hearne, a marketing firm based in Chicago that works with universities and other nonprofit organizations. “There has been a sea change over the last 10 years. Marketing used to be almost a dirty word in higher education.”
Not all efforts at name changes are successful, of course. In 1997, the New School for Social Research became New School University to reflect its growth into a collection of eight colleges, offering a list of majors that includes psychology, music, urban studies and management. But New Yorkers continued to call it the New School.
Now, after spending an undisclosed sum on an online survey and a marketing consultant’s creation of “haming structures.” “brand architecture” and “ identity systems,” the university has come up with a new name: the New School. Beginning Monday, it will adopt new logon (标 识), banners, business cards and even new names for the individual colleges, all to include the words “the New School.”
Changes in names generally reveal significant shifts in how a college wants to be perceived. In altering its name from Cal State. Hayward, to Cal State, East Bay, the university hoped to project its expanding role in two mostly suburban countries east of San Francisco.
The University of Southern Colorado, a state institution, became Colorado State University at Pucblo two years ago, hoping to highlight many internal changes, including offering more graduate programs and setting higher admissions standards.
Beaver College turned itself into Arcadia University in 2023 for several reasons: to break the connection with its past as a women’s college, to promote its growth into a full-fledged(完 全 成 熟 旳) university and officials acknowledged, to eliminate some jokes about the college’s old name on late-night television and “morning zoo” radio shows.
Many college officials said changing a name and image could produce substantial results. At Arcadia, in addition to the rise in applications, the average students’ test score has increased by 60 points, Juli Roebeck, an Arcadia spokeswoman said.
49. which of the following is NOT the reason for coll