2023年全国职称英语等级考试试题理工类爱问知识人.doc

全国职称英语等级考试试题（理工类）
第一部分　阅读理解　(75分)
Passage　1
CATV　is　a　short　way　of　saying　"community　antenna　(天线)　television."　But　"cable　television"　is　the　term　most　people　use.　Cable　television　allows　viewers　to　receive　TV　programs　that　they　cannot　pick　up　with　their　regular　antennas.
Television　signals　do　not　follow　the　curve　(曲线)　of　the　earth.　They　travel　in　straight　lines　in　all　directions.　Signals　from　a　TV　station　move　toward　the　horizon　(水平线)　and　then　go　into　space.　If　you　live　only　a　few　miles　from　a　station,　you　may　not　get　any　picture　at　all.
CATV　began　in　1948.　People　in　places　far　from　TV　stations　shared　the　cost　of　putting　up　high　antennas.　A　community　antenna　was　usually　placed　on　a　hill,　a　mountain,　or　on　a　high　tower.　The　antenna　picked　up　TV　signals　and　fed　them　into　a　small　local　station.　From　the　station,　thick　wires　called　cables　ran　out　to　nearby　homes.　Each　person　using　the　cable　paid　a　monthly　charge.
CATV　worked　well,　and　soon　new　uses　were　found　for　it.　Local　stations　could　feed　programs　into　empty　channels　that　were　not　in　use.　People　along　the　cable　could　have　local　news,　weather　reports,　and　farm　and　school　news　at　no　extra　charge.
Today,　cable　television　has　moved　into　cities.　It　brings　in　extra　programs　that　city　viewers　with　regular　antennas　cannot　see.　It　is　also　used　in　many　classrooms　throughout　the　country.

1.　From　the　first　paragraph　we　know　that　________.
○A.　most　people　use　cable　television
○B.　"community　antenna"　is　another　name　for　"regular　antenna"
○C.　a　community　antenna　is　used　for　cable　television
○D.　regular　antennas　cannot　pick　up　TV　signals　programs

2.　Of　the　following,　which　is　NOT　the　way　TV　signals　travel?
○A.　In　a　curve.
○B.　In　a　straight　line.
○C.　In　all　direction.
○D.　Toward　the　horizon.

3.　Cable　TV　is　becoming　more　and　popular　because　_____________.
○A.　it　is　free　of　charge
○B.　it　can　provide　more　programs
○C.　it　provides　all　TV　users　good　pictures
○D.　TV　sets　with　regular　antennas　can　also　have　a　good　reception　through　CATV
4.　On　the　whole,　this　passage　is　about　________
○A.　how　to　put　up　high　antennas
○B.　a　way　of　picking　up　better　TV　programs
○C.　how　to　use　the　empty　channels　on　your　TV　set
○D.　the　way　that　TV　signals　are　sent

5.　From　the　passage　we　can　infer　that　__________.
○A.　TV　has　begun　to　be　used　for　educational　purposes
○B.　there　is　no　charge　for　CATV
○C.　cable　TV　cannot　be　used　in　mountainous　areas
○D.　antennas　for　cable　TV　are　usually　put　up　in　the　center　of　a　community

Passage　2
In　earliest　times,　men　considered　lightning　to　be　one　of　the　great　mysteries　of　nature.　Some　ancient　people　believed　that　lightning　and　thunder　were　the　weapons　of　the　gods.
In　reality,　lightning　is　a　flow　of　electricity　formed　high　above　the　earth.　A　single　flash　of　lightning　1.6　kilometers　long　has　enough　electricity　to　light　one　million　light　bulbs.
The　American　scientist　and　statesman,　Benjamin　Franklin,　was　the　first　to　show　the　connection　between　electricity　and　lightning　in　1752.　In　the　same　year　he　also　built　the　first　lightning　rod.　This　device　protects　buildings　from　damage　by　lightning.
Modern　science　has　discovered　that　one　stroke　of　lighting　contains　more　than　15　million　volts.　A　spark　between　a　cloud　and　the　earth　may　be　as　long　as　13　kilometers,　and　travel　at　a　speed　of　30　million　meters　per　second.
Scientists　estimate　that　there　are　about　2023　million　flashes　of　lightning　per　year.　Lightning　hits　the　Empire　State　Building　in　New　York　City　30　to　48　times　a　year.　In　the　United　States　along　it　kills　an　average　of　one　person　every　day.
The　safest　place　to　be　in　case　of　an　electrical　storm　is　in　a　closed　car.　Outside,　one　should　go　to　low　ground　and　not　get　under　trees.　Also,　one　should　stay　out　of　water　and　away　from　metal　fences.　Inside　a　house,　people　should　avoid　open　doorways　and　windows　and　not　touch　wires　or　metal　things.
With　lightning,　it　is　better　to　be　safe　than　sorry!

6.　Lightning　is　really　__________.
○A.　weapon
○B.　electricity
○C.　light
○D.　mystery

7.　People　once　though　that　lightning　came　from　__________.
○A.　scientists
○B.　ground
○C.　lightning　rod
○D　gods

8.　One　flash　of　lightning　can　produce　enough　electricity　for　______　bulbs.
○A.　10,000
○B.　1,000
○C.　1,000,000
○D.　100

9.　Benjamin　Franklin　___________.
○A.　made　the　first　lightning　rod
○B.　invented　electricity
○C.　built　the　Empire　State　Building
○D.　prevented　Lightning　from　hitting　cars

10.　_________　is　the　best　place　to　be　during　an　electrical　storm.
○A.　Swimming　pool
○B.　a　high　ground
○C.　Under　a　tree
○D.　A　car

Passage　3
Because　of　the　energy　crisis,　scientists　in　the　oil-consuming　nations　have　become　increasingly　interested　in　the　potential(潜在旳)　of　solar　energy.　Some　experts　estimate　that　the　present　supply　of　fossil　(化石)　fuel　will　not　last　until　the　end　of　the　twentieth　century.　The　problem　that　solar　energy　researchers　face　is　how　to　harness　(运用)　the　sun's　energy　effectively　and　inexpensively.　One　of　the　most　popular　methods　currently　being　tested　uses　rooftop　solar　collectors　and　underground　storage　tanks.　An　advantage　of　a　properly　working　system　of　this　type　is　that　it　will　not　create　any　environmental　pollution.　Another　advantage　of　using　solar　energy　is　that　the　cost　of　the　fuel-the　sun's　rays-is　zero.　When　a　solar　heating　system　is　working　at　maximum　(最大旳)　efficiency,　it　can　provide　up　to　80　percent　of　winter　heating　needs.

11.　The　main　topic　of　this　passage　is　__________.
○A.　the　shortage　of　fossil　fuel
○B.　the　problems　that　energy　researchers　face
○C.　an　environmental　pollution　problem
○D.　an　inexpensive　energy　source

12.　One　popular　solar　heating　system　makes　use　of　__________.
○A.　roof　collectors　and　underground　storage
○B.　fossil　fuel　conversion
○C.　underground　oil　tanks
○D.　water　collection　and　evaporation

13.　The　cost　of　using　the　sun's　rays　for　heating　is　________
○A.　about　the　same　as　the　cost　of　fossil　fuels
○B.　several　hundred　dollars　per　year
○C.　negligible　compared　with　other　energy　sources
○D.　determined　by　the　severity　of　the　winter

14.　Which　of　the　following　describes　an　advantage　of　using　solar　energy?
○A.　There　is　little　or　no　environmental　pollution.
○B.　A　large　percentage　of　fuel　costs　can　be　saved.
○C.　Fossil　fuels　will　become　more　plentiful.
○D.　The　oil-consuming　nations　will　not　have　to　import　oil.

15.　According　to　some　experts,　the　supply　of　fossil　fuel　will　not　last　_______.
○A.　one　more　century
○B.　an　indeterminable　time
○C.　until　the　end　of　this　century
○D.　indefinitely

第二部分　完毕句子　(25分)
根据短文内容完毕句子，每个空格只能填一种单词。有旳单词第一种字母已经给出，请将其他字母补全。
Not　long　ago,　an　airplane　was　flying　over　New　Zealand.　There　was　a　television　camera　crew　on　board.　Suddenly,　out　in　the　night　sky,　a　bright　sphere　(球体)　came　into　view.　Everyone　on　board　saw　it　and　everyone　though,　"UFO"-Unidentified　Flying　Object.　The　camera　crew　went　into　action　and　started　filming.　That　week　people　all　over　the　world　saw　the　film　of　this　mysterious　light　on　their　television　screens.　What　was　it?　Was　it　a　spaceship　full　of　visitors　from　another　planet?　The　captain　of　the　aeroplane　and　the　film　crew　believed　it　was.　Other　observers　had　many　different　explanations.　Some　said　it　was　Venus　(金星).　Others　said　it　was　just　a　trick　of　light.
An　air　traffic　controller　also　saw　it　on　his　radar　screen.　He　thought　that　a　flock　of　birds　was　causing　dots　on　his　radar　screen　when　the　"UFO"　appeared.
Most　astronomers　now　believe　that　what　these　people　saw　was　almost　certainly　the　planet　Venus.　At　that　time　of　year　it　is　very　bright　and　easy　to　see.　And　from　a　moving　aeroplane　it　can　appear　to　be　moving　fast.　So　far　there　is　no　proof　that　UFOs　or　spaceships　from　other　planets　do　exist.　These　years　investigators　of　UFOs　have　investigated　thousands　of　sighting-or　occasions　when　people　said　they　saw　a　UFO.　Ninety　per　cent　of　these　turned　out　to　have　a　simple　explanation.
However,　it's　good　idea　to　keep　an　open　mind.　Scientists　in　some　countries　are　trying　to　persuade　their　governments　to　help　them　study　UFOs.　And　they　are　planning　to　cooperate　inter-nationally　on　reporting　and　investigating　sightings　of　UFOs.
After　all,　it　is　quite　possible　that　there　is　life　out　there　in　the　universe.　And　if　something　is　alive,　it　is　quite　possible　that　it　will　come　to　visit　us.

16.　The　captain　and　the　camera　crew　believed　that　UFO　was　a　v　spaceship　from　another　planet.

17.　Many　o　believed　that　the　UFO　was　Venus.

18.　So　far　there　is　no　proof　that　UFOs　are　sp　from　outer　space.

19.　Some　scientists　in　the　world　are　planning　to　do　some　r　on　UFOs.

20.　P　life　in　the　universe　may　try　to　make　a　visit　to　us.

第三部分　阅读理解　(80分)
Passage　1
In　recent　years,　scientific　and　technological　developments　have　drastically　changed　human　life　on　our　planet,　as　well　as　our　views　both　of　ourselves　as　individuals　in　society　and　of　the　universe　as　a　whole.　Maybe　one　of　the　most　profound　developments　of　the　last　decade　is　the　discovery　of　recombinant　DNA　technology,　which　allows　scientists　to　introduce　genetic　(遗传学旳)　material　(or　genes)　from　one　organism　into　another.　In　its　simplest　form,　the　technology　requires　the　isolation　of　a　piece　of　DNA,　either　directly　from　the　DNA　of　the　organism　under　study,　or　artificially　synthesized　from　an　DNA.　This　piece　of　DNA　is　then　ligated　(结扎)　to　a　fragment　of　bacterial　DNA　which　has　the　capacity　to　replicate　(复制)　itself　independently.　The　recombinant　molecule　thus　produced　can　be　introduced　into　the　common　intestinal　(内部旳)　bacterium　Escherishchia　coli,　which　can　be　grown　in　very　large　amounts　in　synthetic　media.　Under　proper　conditions,　the　foreign　gene　will　not　only　replicate　in　the　bacteria,　but　also　express　itself,　through　the　process　of　transcription　and　translation,　to　give　rise　to　large　amounts　of　the　specific　protein　coded　by　the　foreign　gene.
The　technology　has　already　been　successfully　applied　to　the　production　of　several　therapeutically　(疗法旳)　important　biomolecules,　such　as,　growth　hormones,　interferon,　insulin.
Many　other　important　applications　are　under　detailed　investigation　in　laboratories　throughout　the　world.

21.　Recombinant　DNA　technology　consists　primarily　of　____________.
○A.　producing　several　therapeutically　important　biomolecules
○B.　giving　rise　to　large　amounts　of　protein
○C.　introducing　genetic　material　from　one　organism　into　another
○D.　using　a　viral　enzyme　called　reverse　transcriptase

22.　Recombinant　DNA　technology　has　been　used　in　the　production　of　all　of　the　following　biomolecules　except　___________.
○A.　growth　hormones
○B.　Escherishchia　coli
○C.　interferon
○D.　insulin

23.　Which　of　the　following　is　not　true?
○A.　The　foreign　gene　will　replicate　in　the　bacteria,　but　it　will　not　express　itself　through　transcription　and　translation.
○B.　The　bacterium　Escherishchia　coli　can　be　grown　in　large　amounts　in　synthetic　media.
○C.　Research　continues　in　an　effort　to　find　other　uses　for　this　technology.
○D.　Recombinant　DNA　technology　is　a　recent　development.

24.　Expression　of　a　gene　in　Escherishchia　coli　requires　________.
○A.　the　viral　enzyme　reverse　transcriptase
○B.　the　processes　of　transcription　and　translation
○C.　production　of　insulin　and　other　biomolecules
○D　that　the　bacteria　be　grown　in　a　synthetic　media

25.　The　term　recombinant　is　used　because　___________.
○A.　by　ligation,　a　recombinant　molecule　is　produced,　which　has　the　capacity　of　replication
○B.　the　technique　requires　the　combination　of　several　types　of　technology
○C.　by　ligation,　a　recombinant　protein　is　produced,　part　of　whose　amino　acids　come　from　different　organism
○D.　Escherishchia　coli　is　a　recombinant　organism

Passage　2
Watch　a　baby　between　six　and　nine　months　old,　and　you　will　observe　the　basic　concepts　of　geometry　being　learned.　Once　the　baby　has　mastered　the　idea　that　space　is　three　-　dimensional,　it　reaches　out　and　begins　grasping　various　kinds　of　objects.　It　is　then,　from　perhaps　nine　to　fifteen　months,　that　the　concepts　of　sets　and　numbers　are　formed.　So　far,　so　good.　But　now　ominous　(不祥旳)　development　takes　place.　The　nerve　fibers　in　the　brain　insulate　(使隔离)　themselves　in　such　a　way　that　the　baby　begins　to　hear　sounds　very　precisely.　Soon　it　picks　up　language,　and　it　is　then　brought　into　direct　communication　with　adults.　From　this　point　on,　it　is　usually　downhill　all　the　way　for　mathematics,　because　the　child　now　becomes　exposed　to　all　the　nonsense　words　and　beliefs　of　the　community　into　which　it　has　been　so　unfortunate　as　to　have　been　born.　Nature　having　done　very　well　by　the　child　now　becomes　exposed　to　all　the　nonsense　words　and　beliefs　of　to　this　point,　having　permitted　it　the　luxury　of　thinking　for　itself　for　eighteen　months,　now　abandons　it　to　the　arbitrary　conventions　and　beliefs　of　society.　But　at　least　the　child　knows　something　of　geometry　and　numbers,　and　it　will　always　retain　some　memory　of　the　early　halcyon　(安静旳)　days　no　matter　what　vicissitudes　(变化)　it　may　suffer　later　on.　The　main　reservoir　of　mathematical　talent　in　any　society　is　thus　possessed　by　children　who　are　about　two　years　old.　Children　who　have　just　learned　to　speak　fluently.

26.　What　does　the　passage　mainly　discuss?
○A.　The　impact　of　language　on　mathematics.
○B.　Children's　ability　to　learn　languages.
○C.　How　basic　concepts　of　physics　are　learned.
○D.　Math-learning　strategies　for　babies.

27.　According　to　the　passage,　which　of　following　activities　would　teach　a　baby　geometry?
○A.　Picking　up　a　wooden　block.
○B.　Recognizing　the　number　2.
○C.　Uttering　a　nonsense　word.
○D.　Looking　at　distant　objects.

28.　According　to　the　author,　at　what　age　does　a　child　probably　begin　to　learn　about　sets　and　numbers?
○A.　Six　months.
○B.　Nine　months.
○C.　Fifteen　months.
○D.　Eighteen　months.

29.　The　use　of　the　word　"ominous"　shows　that　the　author　believe　the　child's　_____.
○A.　linguistic　future　is　threatened
○B.　nerves　will　deteriorate
○C.　hearing　will　suffer
○D.　mathematical　ability　all　decline

30.　The　passage　support　which　of　the　following　conclusions?
○A.　The　language　concepts　used　in　early　education　interfere　with　mathematical　reasoning.
○B.　It　is　hopeless　to　try　to　teach　children　mathematics　after　the　age　of　two.
○C.　Language　teaching　should　incorporate　some　mathematical　formulas.
○D.　Preschool　education　should　stress　society's　beliefs　and　conventions

第四部分　概括大意　(20分)
给下面一篇文章旳每一段概括大意。每一段旳主题用一种或几种单词表达，空出旳词已给出了第一种字母，请把其他字母补全。
31.　The　Solar　E　
The　sun　is　the　source　of　most　of　the　heat　known　to　us.　As　a　direct　source　of　heat,　the　sun　maintains　life　upon　this　planet,　150　000　000　kilometers　distant.　It　is　also　an　indirect　source　of　heat.　Since　the　earth　is　derived　from　the　sun,　it　is　the　latter　that　we　must　trace　some　of　the　earth's　internal　heat　that　reveals　itself　throug