2023年8Aunit3Adayout英语知识点总结.doc

8A unit3 A day out英语知识点总结
一、重点短语　　
1. climb the hill爬山→climb (up)…爬…   (p38) 　　
〈知识链接〉①climb up the Great Wall爬长城
②climb into the bed爬上床　　
③climb through the window从窗户爬出来 
④climb over the wall翻越墙　　
2. need to exercise and keep fit需要锻炼来保持健康 　　
〈知识链接〉⑴keep fit, keep healthy, stay healthy保持健康　　
⑵need作名词时，构成短语in need。作行为动词时有人称和数的变化，后接不定式或动名词；当主语和它后面的动词之间有一种被动关系时，使用need doing或need to be done。作情态动词时无人称和数的变化，后接动词原形。　　
①We should help people in need.     ② He needs to study hard. 　　
③A lot of homework needs finishing.＝A lot of homework needs to be finished.　　
3. come on (命令句)快，快点吧；走吧；跟我来；好啦好啦；这边来吧  　　
〈知识链接〉Come on! We’ll be late for school.快点！我们上学要迟到了。　　
4. Let’s enjoy ourselves! 　　
〈知识链接〉⑴enjoy oneself＝have a good time玩得快乐,过得快乐，
反身代词与主语保持一致。　　
⑵Let’s do sth., shall we? 除此以外的祈使句，无论是肯定式还是否认式，附加疑问部分一律用will you。e.g. 　　
①Don’t be late again, will you?  ②Open the door, will you?  ③Let us go home, will you?　　
5. take a boat trip乘船旅行，go past the Opera House通过悉尼歌剧院  
6. sit in a little coffee shop by the River Seine坐在塞纳河畔的一个小咖啡店里　　
〈知识链接〉⑴coffee house咖啡店；茶馆，coffee shop咖啡店　　
⑵by…在…旁边(比near近)  Come and warm yourself by the fire.过来烤烤火。　　
7. take care保重；当心，小心     　　
〈知识链接〉⑴take (good) care of…＝look after…well (好好)照顾… 　　
⑵look out当心→look out of向…外看　　
⑶be careful小心→be careful of/with…珍视；注意  　　
Please be careful of your health. 请注意你的健康。　　
8. a beautiful building with a big garden and many trees 介词短语作后置定语，修饰名词。 　　
9. foreign country外国，a foreign language一门外语  　　
10. have a wonderful/great/good time 玩得快乐；过得快乐  (p40)　　
11. interesting places＝places of interest有趣的地方；名胜 (注意此处的interest无复数) 　　
〈知识链接〉这里interest解释为“令人感爱好的事或人”。interest还表达“爱好”，常用的短语有：show/have interest in sth对…某事感爱好， show/have interest in doing sth对…做某事感爱好　
①Daniel shows/has great interest in computers. 　　
②Daniel shows/has great interest in making his own home page.　　
12. invite me to join their school trip to the World Park邀请我参与她们学校组织的去世界公园的旅行  　　
〈知识链接〉⑴invite sb to…邀请某人去某地→sb be invited to…某人应邀去某地，　　
Millie invited me to her birthday party. →I was invited to Millie’s birthday party.　　
⑵invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事→sb be invited to do sth某人应邀做某事，　
We should invite more people to take part in the charity show. 　　
＝More people should be invited to take part in the charity show.　　
⑶join参与，加入某组织，如政党、社会团队等。join sb, join sb in sth指和某人一起做某事。join in…＝take part in…参与某活动，attend出席。试比较：　　
He joined the tennis club.  
The man joined the army at the age of 19.　　
He joined in the game.   
Did you take part in your school sports meeting?　　
⑤ We’re going to plant trees. Will you join us? 
⑥ He joined us in the game.　　
13. at the beginning开始；起初 　　
〈知识链接〉⑴at the beginning＝in the beginning＝at first＝at the start开始；起初  (See 8A p42)　　
⑵at last, finally, in the end后来；最后；终于，与上述短语“开始，起初”意思相反。　　
〈用法拓展〉⑴at the beginning of…在…之初(后接时间)→at the end of…在…末尾，在…的尽头(后接时间或地点) 注意：没有in the beginning of…, in the end of…　　
⑵from beginning to end自始至终；从头到尾。注意：该短语不含定冠词the。　　
⑶begin with…＝start with…先做…；以…开始 e.g. Let’s begin with Exercise 1. 　　
⑷表达“启程”、机器的“启动”只能用start。Let’s start at 6:00 a.m. tomorrow.　　
⑸Well begun is half done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。　　
14. at the school gate在学校大门口 　　
〈知识链接〉at表达在较小的地方，如：at the theatre在剧院，at the party在聚会上，at the airport在机场，at the bus stop在公交站台，at the crossing, at the crossroads在十字路口　　
15. get on a coach上长途汽车  　　
〈知识链接〉get on…/get off…上、下(车、船等)，e.g. get on/get off the plane上、下飞机　　
16. a lot of traffic＝heavy traffic＝busy traffic交通拥挤，作主语时谓语动词用单数。　　
17. on the city roads在市内道路上，on the highway＝on the main road between cities在交通干道上 　　
18. feel sick感到难受，感到恶心 　　
〈知识链接〉⑴feel ill 感到不好受，fall ill病倒　　
⑵feel good指身体健康或精神振奋，feel well仅指没有生病 e.g.　　
①I’m not feeling so good. Can I have the day off? 我感觉不大好。我今天能否休息？　　
②He didn’t feel well after the operation. 他在这次手术之后，感觉身体不好。　　
19. arrive at the World Park到达世界公园 　　
〈知识链接〉“到达”有三种表达，即：get to＋某地，arrive at＋小地方，arrive in＋大地方，reach＋某地。get to，arrive at/in后接地点副词时不能用介词，常用的地点副词有here, there, home。如：　　
get/arrive here/there/home到这里/到那里/到家。　　
20. be made of metal 由金属制成  　　
〈知识链接〉⑴be made of…由…制成，强调从制成的成品上还能看得出原材料，物理变化。　　
The desk is made of wood. 这张桌子是木制的。　　
⑵be made from…由…制成，表达从成品上已经看不出原材料,化学变化。
Wine is made of grapes 葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。　　
⑶be made up of…由…组成，由…构成，指各个部分组成整体。　　
Our class is made up of 54 students. 我们班由54名学生组成。　　
⑷be made in…在某地制造 NOKIA mobile phones are made in Beijing.　　
21. not …any more再也不＝no more，no more, no longer用于be动词后、行为动词前  (p41)　　
〈知识链接〉⑴not …any more＝no more…再也不…(表达限度、数量上的不再)　　
⑵not …any longer＝no longer…不再…(表达时间上的不再延续)  e.g.　　
①When the baby saw his mother, he did not cry any more.　　
②After having some bread, she was no longer hungry.　　
〈用法拓展〉⑴more and more…越来越…；越来越多… ⑵more or less几乎；差不多 　　
⑶what is more更有甚者；更为重要的是 e.g.　　
①I’ve more or less finished reading the book. 我差不多已经读完这本书。　　
②You’re wrong, and what is more you know it. 你错了！并且你明明知道你错了！　　
22. the song and dance parade歌舞巡游，join in the dancing加入舞蹈行列　　
23. on the Internet 在因特网上 　　
〈知识链接〉on the computer在电脑上，on the screen在屏幕上，on TV在电视上　　
24. teach himself how to make a home page自学制作网页 　　
〈知识链接〉teach oneself…＝learn…by oneself自学…，疑问词＋带to的动词不定式。　　
25. go and see for yourself亲自去看看 　　
〈知识链接〉for oneself亲自，by oneself＝on one’s own＝alone独自；单独  —Did she find it out for herself?  —Yes. She did it all by herself.　　
26. travel from one place to another从一个地方到另一地方旅行  (p42)　　
〈知识链接〉from one place to another相称于from place to place，类似的有：from one country to another＝from country to country。　　
〈用法拓展〉⑴from…to another中的another不能用other代替。　　
⑵from…to…中的名词前不能用冠词a/an/the，名词不能用复数。　　
from beginning to end自始至终，from head to foot从头到脚 from morning to night　　
27. take a look at…看一看  　　
〈知识链接〉have/take a look看一看，只强调看的动作；have/take a look at…看一看…　　
⑴—I took a lot of photos in Shenzhen. —May I have/take a look at them?　　
⑵Take a look at the things (people used in the past). 括号内的句子是定语从句。　　
28. 北京著名景点：Laoshe Tea House老舍茶馆，the Great Wall长城，the Palace Museum故宫，the Summer Palace颐和园，Tian’anmen Square天安门广场，Wangfujing Street王府井大街，the Monument to the People’s Heroes人民英雄纪念碑，the People’s Great Hall人民大会堂， the Temple of Heaven天坛，Tsinghua University清华大学，Peking University北京大学，Beihai Park北海公园　　
29. in the past过去，at present现在，in the future将来；未来 (注意介词in/at和冠词的搭配)   (p44)　　
30. walk slowly around the big lake and feel the beauty of the old park in the Summer palace　在颐和园里环湖漫步，感受这座古老公园的美丽  　　
〈知识链接〉⑴beauty n. ①美；美丽e.g. A thing of beauty is a joy for ever.美的事物永远令人爱慕。(语出约翰·济慈John Keats－英国文坛巨星、著名诗人，与雪莱、拜伦齐名) 　　
②美人；美丽的事物，She was a beauty in her day.
⑵around围绕；围绕→show sb around... 带领某人参观某地　
①The guide showed us around the Xuanwu Lake Park. 
②The earth travels around the sun. 　　
31. travel by underground坐地铁 　　
〈知识链接〉by underground乘坐地铁，by＋交通工具，是介词短语，此时by后无介词。类似的有：by bus/train/plane/underground乘坐公共汽车/火车/飞机/地铁。表达“乘坐某交通工具去某地”通常有两种表达：①go to sp by…②take the …to…。例如：坐地铁去市中心：go to the centre of the city by underground＝take the underground to the centre of the city。此外，“乘坐飞机去某地”有三种形式：go to…by plane＝take the plane to…＝fly to…(飞往…)　　
32. learn more about old Beijing更多地了解老北京  　　
33. great fun很有趣  (p46)　　
〈知识链接〉⑴fun 名词①娱乐，嬉戏 e.g. He is full of fun.他很有趣。②有趣的人或事 We had a lot of fun at the party.在聚会上我们玩得不久乐。It is fun to play cards.玩牌很有趣。(不加a) 　　
⑵for fun闹着玩的，e.g. I have said it just for fun.我是说着玩的。　　
⑶make fun of…嘲弄… e.g. They made fun of him.　　
34. go horse riding去骑马，e.g. You can go horse riding in Inner Mongolia.  　
35. keep their secret to themselves保守着他们的这个秘密 　　
〈知识链接〉⑴keep sth to oneself不将某事说出去 e.g.①She always keeps her ideas to herself. 　　
②The problem of stress gets worse when people keep their worries to themselves.　　
⑵keep secrets for sb为某人保密，e.g. Thank you so much for keeping the secret for me. 　　
36. at the front of the bus在公交车的前部→at/in the front of…在…的前部  　
〈知识链接〉in front of…“在…的前面”，重要指一物体在另一物体的前面两者是分开的，反义词是behind，“在…的后面”；而at/in the front of …则指一物体中有一部分位于前部，在某物的前面部分，即两者是包容的，the front是某物的不可分割的组成部分；at/in the front of …的反义词是at the back of…在某物的后面部分；而before是“在…的面前”。　　
①The introduction is always in/at the front of the book.序言总是置于卷首。　　
②She sat in/at the front of the bus to get a good view of the country.  　
③Many people took photos                 (在前面) the Leaning Tower of Pisa.　　
④The robber was taken                 (在面前) the policeman.　　
37. in the final of the basketball competition在篮球赛决赛中 (p50)　　
〈知识链接〉in the first half of the…在…的上半场比赛中，in the second half of the…在…的下半场比赛中，in the final of the…在…的决赛中，half-time中场休息，presentation of cup and medals颁发奖杯和奖牌典礼，gold medal金牌，silver medal银牌，bronze medal铜牌。　　
注意：赢得/获得金牌：win a gold medal　　
38. take place发生；举行，不及物动词短语，不能接宾语，不能用于被动语态中。　　
〈知识链接〉take place ⑴发生
①The dialogue took place at a tailor’s shop.  　　
②Great changes have taken place in China since 1989.  　　
注意：happen是“偶尔发生” e.g. What happened to him last night? 　　
⑵举行＝be held，e.g. The wedding of Michael and Stella will take place next Sunday.　　
〈用法拓展〉take the place of…取代/代替…，take one’s place取代/代替某人 
①Here is a toy plane to take the place of the one you lost.　　
②My sister is ill, and I’ve come to take her place.  　　
Now plastics (塑料) can           steel (钢材) in many ways in life.　　
A. take place of    B. take the place of    C. in place of    D. instead of　　
39. go back to my school回到我的学校  (p51)　　
〈知识链接〉go back to…＝return to…回到…e.g. Hong and Macao have returned to China.　　
40. a fun place to visit动词不定式作后置定语，这里的fun是形容词，意为“有趣的”。 (p52) 　　
41. the plan for today当天的计划→ plan ①n.计划 ②v.计划  (p54)　　
〈知识链接〉make a plan制订计划，make a/the plan for…制订…的计划，plan to do sth计划做某事 e.g. make a plan for the coming summer holiday　　
42. change to the bus换乘公共汽车 　　
〈知识链接〉⑴change  v.，“互换”，与复数宾语连用Can we change seats? 　　
⑵change名词，①变化(可数名词) e.g. great changes巨变  ②找给的零钱　
“Don’t forget your change!” said the cashier.　　
43. take the bus all the way to the Palace Museum乘公共汽车直达故宫　　
44. make it a really fun day for everyone使每个人度过真正有趣的一天  　　
45. let me know as soon as possible.→let sb know as soon as possible尽快告知某人　　
46. go climbing on rocks去攀岩  (p55)　　
词汇解析　　
1. luck n.运气，常用于①Good luck to sb.祝某人好运。②Good luck with sth.某事好运。　　
luck→lucky adj.幸运的，e.g. a lucky dog幸运儿　　
lucky→luckily幸好，幸运地，幸运的是，常用于句首。　　
Her handbag was stolen on her way back home.           (luck), she hadn’t put her keys in it.　　
2. play hide-and-seek 捉迷藏 (详见Unit 2“词汇解析”第4条)　　
3. support v.&n.支持；养活e.g.① have a lot of support from sb得到某人的大力支持　　
②Mark has a big family to support.马克养活一大家人。
③with one’s support在某人的支持下　　
support→supporter支持者；拥护者 e.g. I’m a Yao Ming supporter.我是姚明的球迷。　　
4. instead adv. 代替 e.g. There’s nothing at the cinema. Let’s go to the Internet bar instead.　　
→instead of＋名词/代词/动名词/介词短语，代替… e.g. Can I come at 9:00 instead of 8:00?　　
5. real/true词语辨析　　
real和true的重要含义不同，real指的确存在、非相像的；true表达与事实相符、真实、非杜撰的。e.g. ①Was it real or was it a dream? 这是真实还是梦幻？ ②Is the news true? 这消息是真的吗？③a movie based on a true story取材于真实故事的电影  　　
6. movement n. 运动；行进；走动 e.g. ①There was a sudden movement in the bushes. 灌木丛里忽然有什么东西动了一下。②the women’s/peace movement 妇女/和平运动 　　
7. ticket票；券；入场券 e.g. ⑴a bus/theatre/plane ticket公共汽车票/戏票/机票，Tickets are available from Arts Centre at ￥50. 艺术中心有票，每张50元。 ⑵a ticket for……票, free tickets for the show表演的免费入场券 ③a ticket office售票处，a ticket machine自动售票机，a ticket collector 收票员　　
8. win (在比赛、赛跑、战斗等中)获胜,赢,后接宾语为比赛、赛跑、战斗等，不能接人作宾语→反义词lose。winner获胜者。beat(在比赛或竞争中)赢、打败(某人)，后接的宾语是人或团队。　　
①France won the World Cup in 1998, but lost in 2023.  ②Congratulations! You win!　　
③He beat me at chess.  ④Their recent wins have proved they’re still the ones to beat.　　
9. cheer vi.欢呼；喝采；cheer for…为…欢呼→cheer sb欢呼某人→cheerful快乐的；兴高采烈的，　
①Cheering crowds greeted their arrival. 　　
②We all cheered for our football team as they came on the field. 　　
③The crowd cheered the President when he drove slowly by. 　　
④He felt cheerful and full of energy.他感到兴高采烈，浑身充满活力。　　
→cheers ①(用于祝酒)干杯，常用作Cheers! ②(英口)再见，如：Cheers then. See you later.　　
10. wonder ⑴奇迹 e.g. Grand Canyon is one of the natural wonders in the world.　　
⑵想知道，常用于wonder if/whether…, wonder wh-从句 e.g. 　　
①I wonder if you can help me. ②Linda wonders where Simon is hiding.　
二、重点句型　　
1. Which city do you want to go to?  (p39)　　
〈知识链接〉该句的疑问词which作go to的宾语，不能使用where。例如该句可以回答为　　I want to go to Paris/Washington/London.... 
试比较：　　
①Where does he live?   ②Which flat does he live in?　　
2. The trip from Kitty’s school to the world took about two hours by coach. 
〈知识链接〉Sth takes sb some time by….乘坐某交通工具需要…时间。
The journey from Taipei to Beijing takes three hours by plane.　　
3. The model pyramids looked just like the real ones in Egypt.  (p 41)　　
〈知识链接〉look like看起来像…，look just like…看起来就像，ones代指前面的复数pyramids，若是单数则用one。look the same看起来同样，后面不接宾语。　　
4. It was interesting to see models of so many places of interest from all over the world.  (p42)　　
〈知识链接〉It be＋adj.＋(for sb)＋to do sth. It是形式主语，动词不定式是真正主语，由于动词不定式短语往往太长，为了避免头重脚轻，因此使用这种句型。　　
It is necessary for them to work hard from now on.　　
5. It is 467,000 square metres in area.它的面积是467,000平方米。 (p52)　　
〈知识链接〉Sth is … in area. 某物的面积是。square kilometre平方千米　
China is 9,600,000 square kilometers.中国的面积是9,600,000平方千米。　　
6. The cost is about ￥50 per person. 每个人的费用大约是50元。 (p54)　　
〈知识链接〉⑴cost动词，表达“某物的价值为…”用Sth cost some money. 　　
Tickets cost ten dollars each.每张票价为10美元。　　
⑵cost＝the money that you spend on something名词，“费用”。e.g. the cost of the trip旅行的费用，the cost of living生活费用，cost price成本价，at all costs不惜任何代价，at any cost在任何情况下；无论如何。