2023年职称英语等级考试模拟试题.doc

2023年职称英语等级考试模拟试题二(1)
第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分） 下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. The kitchen is in the rear of the house. A. before B. front C. middle D. back
2. She overcame her initial shyness and really enjoyed the evening.
A. coming B. beginning C. happening D. existing
3. The great castles of the kings were without bathing facilities.
A. pools B. means C. showers D. towel
4. The town is famous for its magnificent church towers.
A. distinguished B. contemporary C. specialized D. specified
5. After the whole day's march, they are too fatigue to walk any more. A. hungry B. sleepy C. thirsty D. tired
6. One of my favorite saying is: " There is no smoke without fire."
A. most loved B. alike C. favorable D. likely
7. The prices of vegetable fluctuate according to weather.
A. fall B. raise C. change D. rise
8. Comets are still regarded with fright by some people.
A. dread B. concern C. detachment D. resentment
9. Your father is furious about the damage you have done to the flower beds. A. angry B. anxious C. uncertain D. worried
10. The dog saw his reflection in the pool of water. A. image B. imagination C. bone D. shadow
11. The quality and number of a city's public roads offer an excellent gauging of its prosperity. A. enriching B. creating C. protecting D. judging
12. His handwriting is flowing and graceful. A. pleasing B. formal C. informal D. flowery
13. What were the consequences of the decision she had made? A. reasons B. results C. causes D. bases
14. The great changes of the city astonished every visitor to that city. A. attacked B. surprised C. attracted D. interested
15. How do you account for your absence from the class last Thursday?
A. explain B. examine C. choose D. expand
第2部分：阅读判断（第16 ~ 22题，每题1分，共7分） 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断，假如该句提供的是对的信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；假如该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；假如该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。
Earthquakes and Animals
Scientists who try to predict earthquakes have gotten some new helpers recently — animals. Animals often seem to know in advance that an earthquake is coming, and they show their fear by acting in strange ways. Before a quake（地震）in China in 1975 snakes awoke from their winter sleep early only to freeze to death in the cold air. All the unusual behavior, as well as physical changes in earth, alerted （提醒）Chinese scientists to the coming quake. They moved people away from the danger zone and saved thousands of lives.
One task for scientists today is to learn exactly which types of animal behavior predict quakes. It is not an easy job. First of all not every animal reacts to the danger of an earthquake. Just before a California quake in 1979, fore example, an Arabian horse became very nervous and tried to break out of his stall. The horse next to him, however, remained perfectly calm. It is also difficult sometimes to tell the difference between normal animal calmness and “earthquake nerves.” A zookeeper once told earthquake researchers that his cougar（美洲狮）had been acting strangely. It turned out that the cougar had a stomachache.
A second task for scientists is to find out exactly what kinds of warning the animals receive. They know that animals sense far more of the world than humans do. Many animals can see, hear, and smell things that people do not even notice. Some can detect tiny changes in air pressure, gravity, or the magnetism（磁力）of earth. This extra sense probably helps animals predict earthquakes.
A good example of this occurred with a group of dogs. They were closed in an area that was being shaken by a series of tiny earthquakes. Before each quake a low booming sound was heard. Each sound caused the dogs to bark（吠）wildly. The dogs began to bark during a silent period! A scientist who was recording the quakes looked at his machine. He realized that the dogs had reacted to a booming noise. They also sensed the tiny quake that followed it. The machine recorded both, though humans felt and heard nothing.
In this case there was a machine to check what the dogs were sensing. Many times, however, our machines record nothing out of the ordinary, even though animals know a quake is coming. The animals might be sensing something we do measure but do not recognize as a warning. Discovering what animals sense, and learning how they know danger signals, is a job for future scientists.
16. During an earthquake in China in 1975, some cows had "earthquake nerves" and some remained calm. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
17. Chinese scientists moved people away from the coming quake zone after noticing the strange behavior of some animals and physical changes in earth. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
18. Animals of the same kind always react in the same way to the danger of a quake. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
19. The cougar behaved strangely because it had sensed the threat of a quake. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
20. All animals can sense the very small changes in air pressure, gravity, or the magnetism of earth. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
21. The dogs mentioned in the passage sensed both the low booming sounds and the minor quakes following them. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
22. A task for future scientists is to find out how an animal receives a warning signal. A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子（第23 ~ 30题，每题1分，共8分） 阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：（l）第23 ~ 26题规定从所给的6个选项中为第l ~ 4段每段选择1个对的的小标题；（2）第27 ~ 30题规定从所给的6个选项中选择4个对的选项，分别完毕每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The Rights of Animals
1. Do animals have rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start. Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not have.
2. On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals have none. Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore animals cannot have rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd; for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers have rights. However, this is only on account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people — for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can have for people who never consented it: how do you reply to somebody who says "I don't like this contract"?
3. The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless. It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all?
4. Many deny it. Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake — a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans.
5. This view which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem bravely "logical". In fact it is simply shallow: the confused centre is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning — the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl — is to weigh others' interests against one's own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy. When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.23. Paragraph 1 ________24. Paragraph 2 ________25. Paragraph 3 ________26. Paragraph 4 ________

A. Arguing about the Rights of Animal Is Foolish
B. Sympathy to the Animals Should Be Encourage
C. The Human's View Is Fruitful
D. Rights Exist only Within a Social Contract
E. If Animals Have Rights?
F. The Most Elementary Form of Moral Reasoning
27. The most elementary form 职称英语考试8of moral reasoning ________.
28. Mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action ________.
29. It is unclear what force a contract ________.
30. It leads the discussion ________.
A. should be encouraged rather than laughed at
B. a sentimental displacement of feeling
C. can have for people who never consented it
D. is to weigh other's interest against one's own
E. it invites you to think that animals should be treated with no consideration
F. human are different from animals in every respect
第4部分：阅读理解（第31 ~ 45题，每题3分，共45分）    下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。  
第一篇 
  Husband and Wife by Arrangement
      Some Japanese still get married by parents’ arrangement. Yoshio and Hiromi Tanaka, a young Japanese couple living in the United States, told the story of their arranged marriage. "We didn’t marry for love in the Western sense. We got married in the traditional Japanese way. Our parents arranged our marriage through a matchmaker（媒人）. In Japan we believe that marriage is something affecting the whole family rather than a matter concerning only the young couple. So we think it is very important to match people according to their social background, education and so on. When our parents thought it was time for us to get married, they went to a local matchmaker and asked her for some suggestions. We discussed the details and looked at the photos she sent, and then our parents asked her to arrange a ’marriage interview’ for the two of us."
    A Japanese marriage interview is held in a public place, such as a hotel or a restaurant, and is attended by the boy and the girl, their parents and the matchmaker. Information about the couple and their families is exchanged over a cup of tea or a meal. Then the boy and the girl are left alone for a short time to get to know each other. When they return home they have to tell the matchmaker whether they want to meet again or not.
    Yoshio continued, "When our parents realized we were serious about each other they started to make arrangements for our wedding. My family paid the marriage money to Hiromi’s. This is money to help pay for the wedding ceremony and for setting up the house afterwards. We also gave her family a beautiful ornament（装饰品）to put in the best room of their house, so everyone knew that Hiromi was going to marry."
31. The Japanese think of the marriage of a young couple as ________    A. a sign showing the love between them.    B. an opportunity for their parents to show their love for their children.
   C. a private affair for the boy and the girl.    D. an important matter having influence on the whole family.
32. In arranging a marriage in Japan, the matchmaker plays all the following roles EXCEPT ________    A. making arrangements for the wedding.    B. providing the information the families need.    C. arranging the "marriage interview".    D. attending the "marriage interview".
33. According to the passage, the best time to make arrangement for the wedding is ________
   A. when the young couple agree to meet again.    B. when the young couple are sincere about their relation.    C. when the parents think it is time for their children go get married.    D. when the parents are well-informed about each other’s family.
34. In the traditional Japanese way of marriage, the marriage money given by the boy’s family is used for ________    A. the matchmaker’s pay.    B. the "marriage interview".    C. the wedding ceremony and the new house.    D. the girl’s wedding clothes.
35. According to the passage, what plays the most important role in the matching of young people in Japan? ________    A. Their parents’ attitude.    B. Their family background.    C. Their occupation.    D. Their love for each other.
第二篇  
What Is Shyness  
    People often talk as if shyness is a disease or mental condition that can be cured. I prefer to think of it as an emotional disability. It’s something we are born with and something we carry with us in our entire lives. There are too many people, however, who seem to be determined to find some way of doing away with their shyness. In my opinion, It’s a waste of time. I don’t mean that we should do nothing about it; quite the contrary, I think we need to separate the basic fact of our shyness from our ability to function in a social environment.
    Look at one of the most famous shy people of them all, Johnny Carson. This man is painfully shy, yet for decades he made a living talking and associating with different people every night, in front of a national audience. Carson has never done away with his shyness, but he had successfully found a way to deal with it to that extent that he could be, not just a talk show host, but a legend among talk show hosts. Look also at Sally Fields, who has recently admitted her problem with shyness. This is a woman who has appeared in many films, TV shows, interviews yet in her early years she was so shy that she turned down a lunch invitation from Jane Fonda because she was terribly afraid of meeting her.
    I guess that our shyness is there because each of us is born with some insecurity and this insecurity prevents us from reaching out to others the way people with a more open personality（个性）do. As we grow up and become adults, we have allowed our social skills to grow and develop. But we are still stuck in kindergarten（幼儿园）or elementary school or wherever it was that our shyness first took root in our psyches（心灵）.
36. In the author’s view, shyness can be defined as ________    A. a disease that can be easily cured.    B. a not very normal mental condition.    C. an emotional disability.    D. something we pick up after birth.
37. In the eyes of the author, it’s a waste of time to ________    A. look for ways of doing away with one’s shyness.    B. develop a healthy personality.    C. talk with as many people as possible.    D. study where shyness comes from.
38. Which of the following is true of Johnny Carson? ________    A. He dared to speak in front of a national audience.    B. He has done away with his shyness successfully.    C. He failed to become a good talk show host.    D. He was described as a hero in som