2023年职称英语考试卫生类A级试题.doc

2023年职称英语考试卫生类(A级)试题
　　第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)
　　下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分拟定1个意义最为接近的选项。
　　1.The news will horrify everyone.
　　A.attract
　　B.terrify
　　C.tempt
　　D.excite

　　2.The article sketched the major events of the decade.
　　A.described
　　B.offered
　　C.outlined
　　D.presented

　　3.I won’t tolerate that kind of behavior.
　　A.bear
　　B.accept
　　C.admit
　　D.take

　　4.Their style of playing football is utterly different.
　　A.barely
　　B.scarcely
　　C.hardly
　　D.totally

　　5.Her sister urged her to apply for the job.
　　A.advised
　　B.caused
　　C.forced
　　D.promised

　　6.Even sensible men do absurd things.
　　A.unusual
　　B.ridiculous
　　C.special
　　D.typical

　　7.She bumped inot her boyfriend in town this morning.
　　A.walked
　　B.came
　　C.fled
　　D.ran

　　8.This sort of thing is bound to happen.
　　A.sure
　　B.quick
　　C.fast
　　D.swift

　　9.At the age of 30,Hersey suddenly became a celebrity.
　　A.boss
　　B.manager
　　C.star
　　D.dictator

　　10.He cannot discriminate between a good idea and a bad one.
　　A.judge
　　B.assess
　　C.distinguish
　　D.recognize

　　11.They are concerned for the fate of the forest and the lndians who dwell in it.
　　A.live
　　B.sleep
　　C.hide
　　D.gather

　　12.The index is the government’s chief gauge of future economic activity.
　　A.method
　　B.measure
　　C.way
　　D.manner

　　13.The architecture is harmonious and no building is over six-storey high.
　　A.old-fashioned
　　B.traditional
　　C.conventional
　　D.balanced

　　14.The food is inadequate for ten people.
　　A.demanded
　　B.qualified
　　C.insufficien t
　　D.required

　　15.She persevered in her ideas despite obvious objections raised by friends.
　　A.persisted
　　B.insisted
　　C.resisted
　　D.suggested
　　第2部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，第题1分，共7分)
　　下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：假如该句提供的是对的信息，请选择A;假如该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;假如该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
　　The Spanish Flu Epidemic
　　If you’re worried about the possibility of a coming bird flu epidemic,you can take comfort in the fact that humanity has survived a similar influenza epidemic in the past.Starting its rounds at the end of World War I,the 1918 flu killed an estimated 50 million people.
　　Popularly known as the Spanish Flu,this type of influenza was far worse than your common cold.Normally,influenza only kills those who are more vulnerable to disease,such as newborns,the old or the sick.However,the Spanish Flu was prone to killing the young and healthy.Often it would disable its victims in hours;within a day,they would be dead,typically from extreme cases of pneumonia(肺炎).
　　The Spanish Flu was quite nasty-fast-spreading and deadly.It managed to spread across the globe,devastating the world.Then suddenly,after two years ravaging(蹂躏)the Earth,it disappeared as quickly as it had arisen.
　　Despite its nickname,the Spanish Flu did not originate in Spain.Its true origins are unknown.Some believe it started in US forts and then spread to Europe as America joined the war;others think that it populated the trenches of the English and the French and eventually broke out in 1918.Regardless of where it started,eventually a fifth of the world population suffered the disease,with a global mortality rate(死亡率)estimated at 2.5% of the population.
　　Modernity was partly to blame for the quick spread of the disease.It passed throughout the world on trade routes and shipping lines.It hit Northern America,Europe,Asia,Africa and the South Pacific.The war did not help at all-the movement of supplies and troops aided the spread of the Spanish Flu,as well as the trench warfare.Imagine the speed at which a virus can spread in a crowded ditch.The fast emergence of the virus in the trenches caused some soldiers to believe that the Spanish Flu was a new form of biological warfare.
　　Luckily,the Spanish Flu simply vanished by 1920.It is believed the flu simply ran out of fuel to spread.

　　16.The Spanish Flu started during World War I.
　　A.Right 　　B.Wrong 　　C.Not mentioned

　　17.The Spanish Flu posed a greater threat to the old and the sick.
　　A.Right 　　B.Wrong 　　C.Not mentioned

　　18.As the Spanish Flu was spreading,people in Australia were worried.
　　A.Right 　　B.Wrong 　　C.Not mentioned

　　19.The Spanish Flu disappeared two years after it broke out.
　　A.Right 　　B.Wrong 　　C.Not mentioned

　　20.The Spanish Flu was named after the place where it started.
　　A.Right 　　BWrong 　　C.Not mentioned

　　21.About half of the people in the world suffered from the Spanish Flu.
　　A.Right 　　B.Wrong 　　C.Not mentioned

　　22.Biological warfare originated in the 20th century.
　　A.Right 　　B.Wrong 　　C.Not mentioned

　　第3部分：概括大意与完毕句子(第23~30题，每题1分，共8分)
　　下面的短文后有2项测试任务：1)第23~26题规定从所给的6个选项中为第2~5段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27~30题规定从所给的6个选项中为每个句子拟定1个最佳选项。
　　Facts about Stroke
　　1  Every 45 seconds,someone in America has a stroke.Every 3.1 minutes,someone dies of one.Stroke killed an estimated 167,661 people in 2023 and is the nation’s third leading cause of death,ranking behind diseases of the heart and all forms of cancer.Stroke is a leading cause of serious,long-term disability in the United States.
　　2  Stroke is a type of cardiovascular(心血管的)disease.It affects the arteries(动脉)leading to and within the brain.A stroke occurs when a blood vessel that carries oxygen and nutrients(营养物)to the brain is either blocked by a clot(凝块)or bursts.When that happens,part of the brain cannot get the blood(and oxygen)it needs,so it starts to die.
　　3  The brain is an extremely complex organ that controls various body functions.If a stroke occurs and blood flow can’t reach the region that controls a particular body function,that part of the body won’t work as it should.If the stroke occurs toward the back of the brain,for instance,it’s likely that some disability involving vision will result.The effects of a stroke depend primarily on the location of the obstruction(阻塞)and the extent of brain tissue affected.
　　4  The American Stroke Association has identified several factors that increase the risk of stroke.The more risk factors a person has,the greater the chance that he or she will have a stroke.Some of these you can’t control,such as increasing age,family health history,race,and prior stroke.But you can change or treat other risk factors to lower your risk.Factors resulting from lifestyle or environment can be modified with a healthcare provider’s help.Some of these include:high blood pressure,current smoking,heart disease,and high red blood cell count. 　　　　　　
　　5  A stroke can happen to anyone at any moment.In fact about 600,000 people have strokes every year.For many years,there was no hope for those suffering a stroke.However,recent breakthroughs have led to new treatments.For the treatments to work,the person must get to a hospital immediately.

　　23.Paragraph 2 _______.
　　24.Paragraph 3 _______.
　　25.Paragraph 4 _______.
　　26.Paragraph 5 _______.
　　A.Effects of a stroke
　　B.Annual cost of stroke in the US
　　C.Definition and description of a stroke
　　D.Breakthroughs in treatment
　　E.Risk factors of stroke
　　F.Warning signs of a stroke

　　27.When a stroke occurs,the arteries leading to ____and within the brain.
　　28.A person’s vision is likely to be affected if a stroke____.
　　29.Some people can reduce their risk of stroke if they____.
　　30.New treatments are now available to people who____.
　　A.suffer from a stroke
　　B.will be affected
　　C.change their lifestyles
　　D.will take place
　　E.occurs at the back of his/her brain
　　F.controls various body functions
　　第4部分：阅读理解(第31~45题，每题3分，共45分)
　　下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题拟定1个最佳选项。
　　第一篇Trying to Find a Parther
　　One of the most striking findings of a recent poll in the UK is that of the people inbterviewed,one in two believes that it is becoming more difficult to meet someone to start a family with.
　　Why are many finding it increasingly difficult to start and sustain intimate relationships?Does modern life really make it harder to fall in love?Or are we making it harder for ourselves?
　　It is certainly the case today that contemporary couples benefit in different ways from relationships.Women no longer rely upon partners for economic security or status.A man doesn’t expect his spouse to be in sole charge of running his household and raising his children.
　　But perhaps the knowledge that we can live perfectly well without a partnership means that it takes much more to persuade people to abandon their independence.
　　In theory,finding a partner should be much simpler these days.Only a few generations ago,your choice of soulmate (心上人) was constrained by geography,social convention and family tradition.Although it was never explicit,many marriages were essentially arranged.
　　Now those barriers have been broken down.You can approach a builder or a brain surgeon in any bar in any city on any given evening.When the world is your oyster (牡蛎),you surely have a better chance of finding a pearl.
　　But it seems that the old conventions have been replaced by an even tighter constraint:the tyranny of choice.
　　The expectations of partners are inflated to an unmanageable degree:good looks,impressive salary,kind to grandmother,and right socks.There is no room for error in the first impression.
　　We think that a relationship can be perfect.If it isn’t,it is disposable.We work to protect ourselves against future heartache and don’t put in the hard emotional labor needed to build a strong relationship.Of course,this is complicated by realities.The cost of housing and child-rearing creates pressure to have a stable income and career before a life partnership.

　　31.What does the recent poll show?
　　A.It is getting more difficult for a woman to find her husband.
　　B.It is getting increasingly difficult to start a familyl.
　　C.It is getting more difficult for a man to find his wife.
　　D.It is getting increasingly difficult to develop an intimate relationship with your spouse.

　　32.Which of the following is NOT true about a contemporary married couple?
　　A.The wife doesn’t have to raise the children all by herself.
　　B.The husband doesn’t have to support the family all by himself.
　　C.The wife is no longer the only person to manage the household.
　　D.They will receive a large sum of money from the govemment.

　　33.Which of the following was NOT a constraint on one’s choice of soulmate in the old days?
　　A.The health condition of his or her grandmother.
　　B.The geographical environment.
　　C.The social convention.
　　D.The family tradition.

　　34.Which of the following is NOT expected of a partner according to this passage?
　　A.Good looks.

　　B.An impressive career.
　　C.A high salary.
　　D.A fine sense of humor.

　　35.The word“sustain”(paragraph 2)could be best replaced by
　　A.“reduce”.
　　B.“shake”.
　　C.“maintain”.
　　D.“weaken”.
　　第二篇Chronic Diseases:The World’s Leading Killer
　　Chronic diseases are the leading cause of death in the world.Yet health experts say these conditions are often the most preventable.Chronic diseases include heart disease,stroke,cancer,diabetes(糖尿病)and lung disorders.
　　The World Health Organization says chronic diseases lead to about seventeen million early deaths each year.This United Nations agency expects more than three hundred eighty million people to die of chronic diseases by two thousand fifteen.It says about eighty percent of the deaths will happen in developing nations.
　　The WHO says chronic diseases now cause two-thirds of all deaths in the Asia-Pacific area.In ten years it could be almost three-fourths.People are getting sick in their most economically productive years.In fact,experts say chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people in poorer countries than in wealthier ones.
　　The WHO estimates that chronic diseases will cost China alone more than five hundred thousand million dollars in the next ten years.That estimate represents the costs of medical treatment and lost productivity.Russia and lndia are also expected to face huge economic losses.
　　Kim Hak-Su is the head of the United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific.Last ween in Bangkok he presented a WHO report on the problem.It says deaths from chronic diseases have increased largely as the result of economic gains in many countries.
　　The report details the latest findings from nine countries.They include Brazil,Britain,Canada,China,India and Nigeria.The others are Pakistan,Russia and Tanzania.
　　Mister Kim says infectious and parasitic(寄生的)diseases have until recently been the main killers in Asia and the Pacific.But he says they are no longer the major cause of death in most countries.
　　Health officials say as many as eighty percent of deaths from chronic diseases could be prevented.They say an important tool for governments is to restrict the marketing of alcohol and tobacco to young people.Also,more programs are needed to urge healthy eating and more physical activity.
　　UN officials aim through international action to reduce chronic-disease deaths by two percent each year through two thousand fifteen.They say meeting that target could save thirty-six million lives.That includes twenty-five million in Asia and the Pacific.

　　36.How many people in developing countries will probably die of chronic diseases by 2023?

　　A.More than 17 million.
　　B.More than 380 million.
　　C.More than 304 million.
　　D.More than 25 million.

　　37.Due to chronic diseases China will have to face
　　A.great pressure from other countries.
　　B.a limited economic market.
　　C.a shortage of the labor force.
　　D.huge economic losses.

　　38.Which can NOT be learned from the passage?
　　A.Many chronic-disease deaths are preventable.
　　B.Chronic diseases are the major cause of death in most countries.
　　C.Chronic diseases are killing more middle-aged people than elderly people.
　　D.Eonomic gains in many countries have contributed to chronic-disease deaths.

　　39.Until recently the main killers in Asia and the Pacific have been
　　A.economic gains.
　　B.lost productivity.
　　C.chronic diseases.
　　D.infectious and parasitic diseases.

　　40.Which is NOT mentioned as a way to prevent chronic-disease deaths?
　　A.Timely medical treatment.
　　B.Healthy eating.
　　C.More physical activity.
　　D.Reduction in drinking and smoking.

　　第三篇Joyce Sipes and Mary Ellen Dodge
　　When Joyce Sipes was diagnosed with breast cancer in 1999,she shared the news immediately with her sister Mary Ellen Dodge.Mary Ellen was there for her-helping her through the terror,and the fear,and the thousand questions that are inevitably a part of hearing the word“cancer”.
　　Fortunately,a friend at work who had had a similar diagnosis highly recommended Alonzo Walker,MD,Medical College of Wisconsin surgical o