2023年全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟题理工类B级.doc

全国职称英语等级考试全真模拟题 理工类B级（一）

第一部分：词汇选项（第1~15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

1. All living organisms, regardless of their unique identity, have certain biological, chemical, and physical characteristics in common.
　　A） as a result of B） considering C） on purpose D） whatever

　　2. The most pressing problem any economic system faces is how to use its scarce resources.
　　A） puzzling B） difficult C）terrifying D） urgent

　　3. The Klondike was the scene of one of the biggest gold rushes the world has ever known.
　　A）location B）view C） event D） landscape

　　4. Of the reptile groups, the snake group was the final one to appear.
　　A） last B）best C） ugliest D）longest

　　5. Colleges and universities usually give diplomas or certificates to students who complete course requirements satisfactorily.
　　A） responsibly B） acceptably C） patiently D）respectfully

　　6. A will is a document written to ensure that the wishes of the deceased are realized.
　　A） fulfilled B） affiliated C） advocated D） received

　　7. She has been the subject of massive media coverage.
　　A） extensive B） negative C） responsive D） explosive

　　8. The conference explored the possibility of closer trade links.
　　A） rejected B） investigated C） proposed D） postponed

　　9. Experts generally agree that diet has an important bearing on one's health.
　　A） result B） factor C） cause D） influence

　　10. I expect that she will be able to cater for your particular needs.
　　A） meet B） reach C）provide D） fill

　　11. John is collaborating with Mary in writing a book.
　　A） cooperating B） merging C） combining D） associating

　　12. Mary lost control of her car and collided with a tree.
　　A） came across B） ran into C） met D） knocked

　　13. Mary was compelled to take in washing to help support her family.
　　A） pleaded B） appealed C） forced D）instructed

　　14. The child couldn't comprehend the advanced textbook.
　　A） interpret B） read C） understand D） translate

　　15. I warned him to keep the matter confidential.
　　A） private B） safe C） personal D） secret

第二部分：阅读判断（第16~22题，每题1分，共7分）
阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断。假如该句提供的是对的信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑；假如该句提供的是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；假如该句的信息在文章中没有提及，请在答题卡上把C涂黑。

Radiocarbon Dating

　　Nowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a technique called radiocarbon(放射性碳)．or carbon-14，dating One key to understanding how and why something happened is to discover when it happened Radiocarbon dating was developedinthelatel940s by physicist Willard F Libby at the University of Chicago An atom of ordinary carbon called carbon-12 has six protons (质子)and six neutrons(中子)in its nucleus(原子核)Carbon-14，or C-14，is a radioactive unstable form of carbon that has two extra neutrons .It returns to e more stable form of carbon through a process called decay(衰减)This process involves the loss of the extra neutrons and energy from the nucleus. In Libby’s radiocarbon dating technique，the weak radioactive emissions(放射)from this decay process are counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counter．The decay rate is used to determine the proportion of C-14 atoms in the sample being dated .Carbon-14 is produced in the Earth’s atmosphere when nitrogen(氨)-14．or N-14，interacts with cosmic rays(宇宙射线)Scientists believe since the Earth was formed，the amount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant Consequently,C-14 formation is thought to occur at a constant rate Now the ratio of C-14 to other carbon atoms in the atmosphere is known Most scientists agree that this ratio is useful for dating items back to at least 50．000 years
　　All life on Earth is made of organic molecules(分子)that contain carbon atoms coming from the atmosphere So all living things have about the same ratio of C-14 atoms to other carbon atoms in their tissues(组织)Once an organism(有机体)dies it stops taking in carbon in any form，and the C-14 already present begins to decay Over time the amount of C-14 in the material decreases and the ratio of C-14 to other carbon atoms goes down In terms of radiocarbon dating．the fewer C-14 atoms in a sample，the older that sample is.

16. Nowadays many scientists depend on radiocarbon for dating age-old objects
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
17. The radiocarbon dating technique is only about 40 years old
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
18. An atom of ordinary carbon has six protons and eight neutrons
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
19.Radar is used to determine the characteristics of radiocarbon
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
20.Radiocarbon is reliable in dating an object back to at least 50,000 years
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
21. When an organism dies．the C-14 in it begins to decay．

A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned
22. The half-life of C-14 is about 25,000 years
A Right
B Wrong
C Not mentioned

第三部分：概括大意与完毕句子（第23~30题，每题1分，共8分）

阅读下面这篇短文，短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题规定从所给的6个选项中为第2，3，5，6段每段选择1个对的的小标题；(2)第27～30题规定从所给的6个选项中选择4个对的选项，分别完毕每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
The iPad
1.The iPad is a tablet computer designed, developed and marketed by Apple primarily as a platform for audio-visual media including books, periodicals, movies, music, games, and web content. At about 1.5 pounds (680 grams), its size and weight fall between those of contemporary smart phones and laptop computers. Apple released the iPad in April 2023, and sold 3 million of the devices in 80 days.
2.The iPad runs the same operating system as the iPod Touch and iPhone─and can run its own applications as well as iPhone applications. Without modification, and with the exception of web applications, it will only run programs approved by Apple and distributed via its online store.
3 .Like iPhone and iPod Touch, the iPad is controlled by a multitouch display─a departure from most previous tablet computers, which used a pressure-triggered stylus(触控笔)─as well as a virtual onscreen keyboard in lieu of a physical keyboard. The iPad uses a Wi-Fi data connection to browse the Internet, load and stream media, and install software. Some models also have a 3G wireless data connection which can connect to HSPA data networks. The device is managed and synced by iTunes on a personal computer via USB cable.
4. An ipad has different features and applications one can use to execute different and interesting things. There are lots of ipad applications that the owner can use to enhance the way they communicate. Some of these are how to use social networking sites and other online options. One of the most common uses is for e-mail services.ipad applications slide Markdown Mail allow the adoption of specific and particular options. They enable the owner to personalize their email accounts.
5. While the ipad is mostly used by consumers it also has been taken up by business users. Some companies are adopting ipads in their business offices by distributing or making available ipads to employees. Examples of uses in the workplace include lawyers responding to clients, medical professionals accessing health records during patient exams, and managers approving employee requests. A survey by Frost & Sullivan shows that ipad usage in workplaces is linked to the goals of increased employee productivity, reduced paperwork, and increased revenue.
23. Paragraph 2 __________
　　24. Paragraph 3 __________
　　25. Paragraph 4 __________
　　26. Paragraph 5 __________

　　A．Online stores
　　B．Differences from iPhone
　　C．Display and data connection
　　D．Business usage
　　E．Features and applications
　　F．Operating system

　　27. In April 2023 the iPad developed by Apple was __________．
　　28. The iPad will only run programs approved by Apple if not _____．
　　29. iPad applications enable the owner’s email accounts to be __________．
　　30. iPad usage in offices enables employee productivity to be __________．

　　A．modified
　　B．increased
　　C．personalized
　　D．browsed
　　E．distributed
　　F．released

第四部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇 Teaching Math, Teaching Anxiety
　　In a new study about the way kids learn math in elementary school, the psychologists at the University of Chicago1 Sian Beilock and Susan Levine found a surprising relationship between what female teachers think and what female students learn: If a female teacher is uncomfortable with her own math skills, then her female students are more likely to believe that boys are better than girls at math.
　　"If these girls keep getting math-anxious female teachers2 in later grades, it may create a snowball effect on their math achievement3, " said Levine. In other words, girls may end up learning math anxiety from their teachers4. The study suggests that if these girls grow up believing that boys are better at math than girls are, then these girls may not do as well as they would have if they were more confident.
　　Just as students find certain subjects to be difficult, teachers can find certain subjects to be difficult to learn - and teach. The subject of math can be particularly difficult for everyone. Researchers use the word "anxiety" to describe such feelings: anxiety is uneasiness or worry.
　　The new study found that when a teacher has anxiety about math, that feeling can influence how her female students feel about math. The study involved 65 girls, 52 boys and 17 first- and second-grade teachers in elementary schools in the Midwest. The students took math achievement tests at the beginning and end of the school year, and the researchers compared the scores.
　　The researchers also gave the students tests to tell whether the students believed that a math superstar had to be a boy. Then the researchers turned to the teachers: To find out which teachers were anxious about math, the researchers asked the teachers how they felt at times when they came across math, such as when reading a sales receipt5. A teacher who got nervous looking at the numbers on a sales receipt, for example, was probably anxious about math.
　　Boys, on average were unaffected by a teacher's anxiety. On average, girls with math-anxious teachers scored lower on the end-of-the-year math tests than other girls in the study did. Plus, on the test showing whether someone thought a math superstar had to be a boy, 20 girls showed feeling that boys would be better at math - and all of these girls had been taught by female teachers who had math anxiety.
　　"This is an interesting study, but the results need to be interpreted as preliminary and in need of replication with a larger sample6, '' said David Geary, a psychologist at the University of Missouri 7in Columbia.
　　31. What is the result of the research at the University of Chicago, according to the first paragraph?
　　A Girls comfortable with their own math skills are better than boys at math.
　　B Girls uncomfortable with their own math skills are not as good as boys at math.
　　C Female teachers' math skills have influence over girl students' math skills.
　　D Female teachers' confidence in their math skills is related to girl's math skills.
　　32. What is implied in the third paragraph ?
　　A Math teachers, like math learners, do not like the subject due to its difficulty.
　　B A difficult subject like math may affect teachers' confidence in teaching the subject.
　　C Teachers are more anxious teaching math than their students learning math.
　　D Math is so difficult that no teachers like to teach it.
　　33. According to the experiment, those teachers were probably anxious about math when they felt
　　A nervous memorizing the numbers of a sales receipt.
　　B helpless saving the, numbers of a sales receipt.
　　C uneasy reading the numbers of a sales receipt.
　　D hopeless filling in the numbers of a sales report.
　　34. The sixth paragraph tells us that the research findings
　　A prove a strong link between female teachers' math anxiety and their female students' math achievements.
　　B show that male students are less likely to be affected by their math anxiety than female students.
　　C provide strong evidence that math superstars are more likely to be males than females.
　 D discover a strong link between teachers' math anxiety and their students' math achievements.
　　35. David Geary thinks that
　　A the study is interesting but it is based on unreliable research process.
　　B the research results need to be retested based on a larger sample.
　　C the research results need to be reinterpreted to be meaningful.
　　D the study is well based and produces significant results.

第二篇 Where Have All the Bees Gone?
Scientists who study insects have a real mystery on their hands. All across the country, honeybees are leaving their hives（蜂巢）and never returning. Researchers call this phenomenon colony-collapse（群体瘫痪）disorder. It is reposed that 25 to 40 percent of the honeybees in the US have vanished from their hives since last fall. So far, no one can explain why.
Colony collapse is a serious concern because bees play an important role in the production of about one-third of the foods we eat. As they feed, honeybees spread pollen（花粉）from flower to flower. Without this process, a plant can't produce seeds or fruits.
Now, a group of scientists and beekeepers have teamed up to try to figure out what's causing the alarming collapse of so many colonies. They hope to find out what's contributing to the decline and to prevent bee disappearance in the future.
It could be that disease is causing the disappearance of the bees. To explore that possibility, Jay Evans, a researcher at the United States Department of Agriculture（SDA）Bee Research Laboratory, examines bees taken from colonies that are collapsing. "We know what a healthy bee should look like on the inside and we can look for physical signs of disease." he says. And bees from collapsing colonies don't look very healthy. "Their stomachs are worn down compared to the stomachs of healthy bees," Evans says. It may be that a parasite（寄生虫）making the bees' digestive organs. Their immune（免疫的）systems may not be working as they should. Moreover, they have high levels of bacteria inside their bodies.
Another cause of colony-collapse disorder may be certain chemicals that farmers apply to kill unwanted insects on crops, says Jerry Hayes, chief bee inspector for the Florida Department of Agriculture. Some studies, he says, suggest that a certain type of insecticide（杀虫剂）affects the honeybee's newels system and memory. "It seems like honeybees are going out and getting confused about where to go and what to do," he says.
If it turns out that a disease is contributing to colony collapse, bees' genes could explain why some colonies have collapsed and others have not. In any group of bees there are many different kinds of