1、完型1 “Culture shock”occurs as a result of total immersion in a new culture.“文化冲击”是完全浸人一种新文化所产生的结果。It happens to “people who have been suddenly moved abroad”. 这一现象经常发生在“突然移居国外的人”身上。Newcomers may be anxious because they do not speak the language,know the customs,or understand people’s behavior in da
2、ily ['deili] ad. 每日地,日常地a. 每日的,日常的life.初来乍到者与当地人讲不同的语言,不了解当地的习俗,也无法理解人们日常生活中的行为。他们会因此而感到焦虑不安。The visitor finds that “yes”may not always mean“yes",旅游者发现“是”并非总代表“赞同”,that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship,友好不一定代表友谊,or that statements that appear to be serious are really intended as
3、 jokes.听起来严肃的话语也许只是玩笑。The foreigner may be unsure as to(至于)when to shake hands or hug,when to start conversations,or how to approach a stranger.外国人无法确定什么情况下该握手,什么情况下该拥抱,什么时候开始说话,如何结识陌生人。The notion(概念) of “culture shock” helps explain feelings of bewilderment (n.困惑 ).“文化冲击”可以帮助我们解释这种困惑感。Language pr
4、oblems do not account for all the frustrations (n.挫折)that people feel.语言并非造成人们这种挫折感的全部原因。When one is deprived ( vt.夺去)of everything that was once(adv.一次) familiar [ a.熟悉的;冒昧的 ],such as understanding a transportation system,knowing how to register for university classes,or knowing how to make friends
5、difficulties in dealing with the new society may arise .像交通系统,注册大学课程,交友等这些一个人曾经熟悉的一切全部消失,他在新社会中肯定会碰到一些困难。 完型Great books deal ( v t.对付;应付,常与with连用)with the persistently unsolved problems of human life重要的书籍是用来解决人类生活中难以解决的问题的There are genuine [ a.真的;真正的]mysteries [n.神秘小说,侦探小说]in the world that mark
6、the limits( n.极限) of human knowing and thinking世界上确实有一些限制人类知识和思维的真正神秘的东西Inquiry not only begins with wonder, but usually ends with it also询问不仅开始于疑惑,也结束于疑惑Great minds acknowledge [v t .承认;表示感谢]mysteries honestly伟人都承认神秘的存在Wisdom( n.智慧,聪明,才智)is fortified(加强的)not destroyed (v t .破坏,毁灭;消灭) , by understa
7、nding its limitations(n.限制;限度,局限 )智慧是可以通过了解它的限制来得到加强而不是被摧毁It is our privilege( n.特权,优惠) ,as readers ,to belong to( 属于)the larger brotherhood(n. [哲学]博爱; 手足情谊) of man that recognizes(vt.识别) no national(国家的 )boundaries [n.分界线.]It is our privilege, as readers ,to belong to the larger brotherhood of man
8、 that recognizes no national boundaries作为读者,我们是属于广范围的集体,没有任何国界,这是我们的特权I do not know how to escape [vt.逃脱]from the strait-jacket(约束物)of political nationalism我不知道如何摆脱政治国家主义的束缚I do know how we become friends of the human spirit(n.精神) in all its manifestations[ n.表明; 现象(显示),] regardless( a. 不管……的;不顾……的
9、与of连用)of time and place.It is by reading the great books但是我确实知道我们如何在大范围内成为人类精神的朋友,不受时间地点的局限。我们可以通过读好书达到这一点 (完型②) What a challenge I must have been to Miss Sullivan! I remember the many times she tried to spell words into my small hand.But neither words nor letters meant anything to me.I thought
10、 her finger movements were some kind of game.But at last。On April 5,1887,she reached my understanding About a month after her arrival,she taught me the word "water"我对萨利文小姐是个多大的挑战呀!我记着她多次努力,在我小手里拼写单词,但无论单词还是字母对我都毫无意义。在我看来。她手指的运动就是一种游戏,但1887年4月5日,她最终触到了我的思维。她到后一个月,教会了我"水"这个字It happened at the well wh
11、ere 1 was holding a mug while my teacher drew water.As the water gushed over my hand,she kept spelling w-a-t-e-r into my other hand with her fingers.Suddenly I understood!这发生在井边,我拿着大杯子,老师汲水。水从我手上流过,她用手指不停地拼写"水"这个单词,突然,我理解了。 完型 There are many ways of attaining education at all levels.Many high scho
12、ols,colieges,community or district adult schools as well as business and industrial institutions offer noncredit(无学分的)daytime or evening classes in dozens of fields and skills. It is reported that about 1 3 million Americans participate in different forms of adult education through schools,job trai
13、ning,or correspondence courses.About one in four American adults participate in an organized learning group each vear。In recent years,there has been a trend to bring in older students for post.secondary education degree.As has been mentioned,the communitv college has made it possible for all secti
14、ons of the population to have higher education.Other colleges and universities,both public and private.also offer what is now called“continuing education”programs or“lifelong education”programs of associate degrees?graduate studies or professional development.Under such a system,a worker may contmu
15、e his study even on a part—time basis,and a retired person may return college at an advanced age有许多接受不同层次教育的方式。许多高中、大学、社区或区域成人学校以及工商业学术机构都提供许多领域和技能的无学分日班或夜班。据报道,美国大约有1300万人通过学校、职业培训或函授课程来参与不同形式的成人教育。大约四分之一的美国成人每年都要参加有组织的学习团体。近几年来,有一种趋势是让年龄大一点的学生获得中等教育学位。正如前面所提到的,社区大学可以使任何年龄段的人拥有接受高等教育的机会。其他学院和大学,包括公
16、立和私立的,都提供“继续教育”或“终身教育”,用来获得副学位、毕业教育或职业进修。在这样的教育体系下,工人可以进行业余教育,上了年纪的退休的人也可以进入大学学习。 完型④ Many people exchange presents and send Christmas cards to their family and friends在圣诞节,许多人交换礼物,给家人寄送贺卡They open their presents on Christmas Eve or Christmas morning他们在圣诞节前夜或圣诞节早上打开礼物Often they leave the brightly
17、wrapped packages under Christ. runs Trees and children have fun for guessing what special surprises are in store for them通常,他们把这些色彩绚烂的礼包放在圣诞树下,孩子们猜测包中有什么,从中获得乐趣As the colorful cards arrive, Americans enjoy hanging them on the Christmas trees收到五颜六色的贺卡后,美国人喜欢把它们挂在圣诞树上Many families go to church on C
18、hristmas Eve or Christmas morning. Then they come home to enjoy a traditional Christmas dinner许多家庭在圣诞前夜或圣诞节上午去教堂,然后回家享用传统的圣诞家宴Their favorite courses are turkey,goose,and plum pudding他们最喜欢的菜是火鸡、鹅和葡萄干布丁Before going to bed.children hang their stockings by their beds,hoping some candles and tovs will b
19、e given by Santa Claus睡觉之前,孩子们把长筒袜挂在床边,希望圣诞老人会给他们送来糖果和玩具。 完型5 Aging is the process of growing old.It occurs eventually (最终)in every living thing provided(倘若),of course,that an illness or accident does not kill it prematurely(过早地).The most familiar outward signs of aging may be seen in old people,
20、such as the graying of the hair and the wrinkling of the skin Signs of aging in a pet (宠物)dog or cat include loss of playfulness and energy,a decline in hearing and eyesight,or even a slight graying of the coat. Plants age too,but the signs are much harder to detect(探测).衰老是逐渐变老的过程。衰老发生在每个有生命的事物中,除非
21、疾病或其他缘故过早地将之损害。衰老的最熟悉的外在迹象可以在老人中看到,比如头发变白,皮肤起了皱纹等。宠物狗、猫的衰老迹象是失去活力,听力和视力下降,皮毛的颜色变自变灰。植物也会衰老,但是衰老的迹象是很难被发现的。 Most body parts grow bigger and stronger,and function more efficient1y during childhood.They reach their peak at the time of maturity(成熟),or early adulthood.Then they begin to decline.Bones,for
22、 example ,gradually become lighter and softer身体的许多部位渐渐地成长起来,变大变壮,并且功能逐渐增强。这些器官在成熟或成年早期功能最强。然后开始功能慢慢地衰退。比如,骨头渐渐地变轻变脆。 完型6 The fact that I enjoy learning and gaining knowledge was my main reason for choosing to enter college,but I must admit that it was not the sole(惟一的)reason.In today’s world, a
23、college education had become almost essential if one wishes to compete in the job market.In the next several years,this trend will surely continue.with a bachelor’s(学士)degree becoming almost indispensable(必不可少的)if one wishes to find a worthwhile(有价值的) position,and a master’s(硕士) degree becoming hi
24、ghly desirable for advanced positions. Although it may sound materialistic(唯物的)。I felt that attending college was a practical and necessary step that I took to ensure a secure future for my family and myself.I made my choice to study engineering primarily on the basis of my love of mathematics and t
25、he physical sciences;however,the fact that it is a well-paid and respected profession did have some influence on my final decision to study喜欢学习和获取知识是我选择进人大学的主要原因,但是我必须承认这不是惟一的原因。在当今的世界,如果想在工作中具有竞争力,那么拥有大学水平的教育是必需的。在未来的几年中,这种趋势肯定会继续下去,如果一个人想找到一个有价值的岗位,学士学位已经变得必不可少了,并且硕士学位对某些高级岗位来讲是非常合意的。尽管听起来是唯物的,但是我
26、感觉上大学是必要的实践步骤,是用来保证我和我的家庭未来安全的。基于对数学和自然科学的热爱,我选择学习工程。然而,搞工程收入高和受到尊敬对我最后做出决定确实有一些影响。 完型7 Twenty years ago,more than 60% of the employed work force was male now it has decreased to just 51%.20年前,60%多的雇佣劳动者是男性,现在这一数目已降到了5l%。During this twenty-year period there has been a 2.8-million fall in the numb
27、er of men in work, and a 2-Million rise in the number of women.20年间,男性雇佣劳动者减少了280万,而女性劳动雇佣者增加了200万。At present there are 10.68 million male employees and 10.14 million women.现在,有1068万男性雇佣劳动者,1014万女性劳动雇佣者。Although many women workers are part-time workers, around 45% of the total.虽然许多妇女(约占总数的45%)是半日工,
28、this represents the only source of earned income for many households in areas where employment is depressed[沮丧的,凹陷的].她们的工资是许多劳动力市场萧条地区家庭的惟一收入来源。Analysts say that much of the upturn in employment during the recovery of economy will be in part-time jobs for women.但分析家指出,在经济恢复期内,劳动力市场好转就是给妇女半日工种工作。A bi
29、g British shop,as well as British Airways,has recently announced plans to increase part-time employment at the expense of full-time jobs.英国航空公司和一家大型商店最近宣布,计划减少全日工种以提高半日工种的数量。 完型8 The Urgency Addiction (瘾、沉溺) 紧张的癖好Some of us get so used to the rush of handling crises that we become dependent on i
30、t for a sense of excitement and energy.我们当中有些人习惯于忙忙碌碌地处理紧急情况,以至于我们依赖这种忙碌让自己兴奋和精神饱满。How does urgency feel ? Stressful ?Tense ?Exhausting ?Sure.紧迫感是一种什么感觉呢?感觉有压力?紧张?当然是这样。But let's be honest. It's also sometimes exciting We feel useful.We feel successful.坦白地说,有时候紧迫使人兴奋、激动,让人感觉自己是能干的、成功的。And we get go
31、od at it.It brings instant results and instant satisfaction.我们变得擅长于此。紧迫能够带来即时的成就和满足感。We get a temporary(临时的,暂时的)excitement from solving urgent and important crises.解决紧迫并且重要的危急事件可以得到暂时的兴奋与激动。Then when the importance isn't there,we would feel uneasy and we are drawn to anything urgent,just to stay in
32、motion.当事情的重要性不复存在,我们就会变得不自在,对紧迫的事情非常感兴趣,时刻处于行动状态中。People expect us to be busy and overworked.其他人都希望我们一直忙碌,并且超负荷工作。It's become a status symbol in our society-if we're busy,we're important;if we're not busy,we're almost embarrassed to admit it.这已经成为一个人社会身份的标志了:如果我们非常忙碌,就说明我们非常重要;如果不忙碌,我们几乎羞于承认这一点?Be
33、ing busy is where we get our security.It's validating,popular,and pleasing.忙碌给人安全感,也是一种证明,说明你受欢迎、与人友善。It's also a good excuse for not dealing with the first things in our lives.同时它也是一个很好的借口,我们以此来为自己辩白为什么不去做生活中那些首要事情。Urgency addiction is a self-destructive behavior that temporarily(临时地、暂时地)fills the
34、void created by unmet needs.尽管紧迫的癖好能够暂时满足一些需求,但它是一种自我毁灭的行为。And instead of meeting these needs,the tools and approaches of time management often feed the addiction.时间管理的各种工具和方法往往助长人的这种癖好,而不是解决存在的问题,They keep us focused on daily ordering of the urgent.它们使人的注意力集中于每天将这些紧迫的事情排序 。 翻译部分 演讲时,要极力放松。讲话要
35、慢,清楚,眼睛看着你的听众。只要有可能就用简单的词汇和表达方式。不是的停下几秒钟,让你的听众有机会想想你所讲过的东西。要确保屋子里的每一个人都听到你的讲话。如果是个大屋子,你或许应该用扩音器。 记住,要有准备。要了解你讲演的主题,你的听众和场合。要简短。说你必须说的,然后就结束。让你的个性显示出来。这样你就讷讷感和听众交心。 如果你遵守这些简单的步骤,你就明白没有必要害怕在公众面前讲演。实际上,你会感到这种经历是饶有兴味的,你会想要做更多的讲演。现在你还不相信?请试一试,看看情况会如何。 为何某些人在讲演时似乎能够自然而然地吸引听众的注意力并赢得足够的尊重呢? 哪些因素有助于听众倾听
36、并留意讲演内容呢? 这些人通常并未使用“牛津”英语,亦未通过完美的语法结构进行自我表述,措辞决不是完美无缺, 这并非取决于演讲者的身份或演讲内容。这些人通常并未使用“牛津”英语,亦未通过完美的语法结构进行自我表述,措辞决不是完美无缺, 但他们能够引起听众的共鸣。 这些人往往具有优美流畅、丰富多彩的语音,并能够有效运用语音幅度中的低音部分。 观察和倾听他人的说话, 音调低沉说明具有一定的控制力和足够的自信心。 那些语速较快、呼吸急促、音调较高的人似乎不如那些语速较慢、音调低沉的人更富有自信力。 在日常生活、社交及工作中,有时我们需要妥善地运用适度的音量和影响力的技能。 若对此
37、感兴趣,您不妨一试。 若采用后一种选择,您或者可以通过改变方式来重新提出要求,使之更加具有命令性,从而强调信息的重要性;或提高音量,改变音调,以便符合演讲背后的情感要求 e比如当您用一种明确的平声调,满怀信心地提出某种要求时,而他人根本没有理睬您的要求,这时您有以下两种选择:放弃争论,听之任之;再次提出这一要求,这次需要加强一定的分量。 一提起英国教育呈现在人们面前的往往是一幅“公学”的画面,特别是一些著名的教育机构——伊顿、牛津、剑桥等;但是人们往往不了解这些机构在英国整个教育体系中所占的位置。实际上,公学仅仅是英国整个中学教育体系中的一小部分;在英国仅有1/40的男孩能进入公学读书,
38、而1 500个中只有1个能上伊顿公学。伊顿是所公学,也是最著名的公学, 尽管名字叫公学,其实并不是真正意义上的公立学校,而是所独立的私立中学。它只招收13-18岁的男孩。实际上,公学仅仅是英国整个中学教育体系中的一小部分;在英国仅有1/40的男孩能进入公学读书,而1 500个中只有1个能上伊顿公学。 完型109 There are many ways of attaining education at all levels.Many high schools,colieges,community or district adult schools as well as business
39、and industrial institutions offer noncredit(无学分的)daytime or evening classes in dozens of fields and skills. It is reported that about 1 3 million Americans participate in different forms of adult education through schools,job training,or correspondence courses.About one in four American adults part
40、icipate in an organized learning group each vear。In recent years,there has been a trend to bring in older students for post.secondary education degree.As has been mentioned,the communitv college has made it possible for all sections of the population to have higher education.Other colleges and uni
41、versities,both public and private.also offer what is now called“continuing education”programs or“lifelong education”programs of associate degrees?graduate studies or professional development.Under such a system,a worker may contmue his study even on a part—time basis,and a retired person may return
42、 college at an advanced age有许多接受不同层次教育的方式。许多高中、大学、社区或区域成人学校以及工商业学术机构都提供许多领域和技能的无学分日班或夜班。据报道,美国大约有1300万人通过学校、职业培训或函授课程来参与不同形式的成人教育。大约四分之一的美国成人每年都要参加有组织的学习团体。近几年来,有一种趋势是让年龄大一点的学生获得中等教育学位。正如前面所提到的,社区大学可以使任何年龄段的人拥有接受高等教育的机会。其他学院和大学,包括公立和私立的,都提供“继续教育”或“终身教育”,用来获得副学位、毕业教育或职业进修。在这样的教育体系下,工人可以进行业余教育,上了年纪的退休
43、的人也可以进入大学学习。 我的老师--安. 曼斯菲尔德?萨莉文小姐来到我家的那一天,是我一生中最重要的日子每当我回想起正是那一天连接了我生活的两个完全不同的阶段时,心中就感慨万端那是1887年3月5日,再过三个月,我就满七周岁了在那个激动人心的下午,我从妈妈的活动和家里人们的忙乱中猜到要有什么不平常的事情发生。我走到门口,在台阶上等着。 老师给我拿来帽子,我知道要出去沐浴和煦的阳光了我们顺着小路向井房走去有人正在打水,老师把我的手放到出水口上当清凉的水流过我的一只手时,她在另一只手上写出了"水"这个单词,先是慢慢的,然后逐渐加快我一动不动地站着,全神贯注地感觉她手指的动作突然,我好像记起了
44、某些我已经忘掉的东西,觉得一种过去的印象又回到了头脑中。从此,语言对我不再神秘我明白了"水"就是那股清凉的、奇妙的、从我手上流过的东西这个活生生的词唤醒了我的灵魂,打开了我智慧的窗户我离开井房,急切地想学更多的东西,任何事物都有自己的名称,每个名称都给我带来了一个新的概念回家的路上,我触摸到的一切都充满了生命的活力这是因为我以一种陌生的新眼光来看待一切走进家门,我想起了摔碎的洋娃娃摸索着向那堆碎片走去,想把它们弄在一起,没有成功这时,我眼里侵满了泪水,因为我意识到我做错了事情,而且,第一次觉得后悔。 富兰克林擅长实践,一旦发现问题就立即着手解决费城的房子都是木制的结构,很容易着火。一发生火灾
45、即使邻里之间都来帮忙救火,也作用不大因此,富兰克林就组建了一个消防公司这大大降低了费城的火灾损失,这使美国第一家火灾保险公司得以很快成立了富兰克林担任了其中一个部门的经理他还说服市政府为城市铺设道路并安装路灯此外,富兰克林活跃的思想甚至使他还考虑如何解决人们冬天房间取暖困难这一问题他判断出问题出在大壁炉这儿因为壁炉深深地砌在墙里,热量不能充分散发到房间里于是他就画了一张设计图,并雇铁匠按图纸铸造了一个大肚子的炉子--被称为富兰克林炉子把炉子放到房间中央,这样热量就能向各个方向散发了。 一个人想读书,必须有求知欲少数儿童不论他们国家的教育制度如何,始终能够保持这种求知欲和思想上独立性,但多数
46、儿童却做不到这一点, 这要么是由于教育制度过于严格,把死记硬背看作天下第一号大事;要么是由于教育制度松散、使人怠惰,在“自由表达”的神圣旗帜下,甚至连读书写字这样的基本要求也被忽视。堪称奇迹的是,至少有少数儿童竟然没有被这种学校教育所糟蹋,而是脱颖而出,成为善于思考、思路开阔、博学多闻的人因此,不利于培养阅读习惯的环境是各种各样的我们对此还可加一条,那就是遍及全世界的暴力行为和无政府状态——我们现在就生活在其中的新黑暗时代。我们很多人再也没有静下来读上一小时书必需的那种心情了But it is precisely(adv.精确地) 然而正是由于当前存在的各种问题,我们更应该读书。s ?否则,
47、我们怎能理解什么是仇恨、什么是残酷、什么是强权政治呢?我们怎能在个人自由和权威这类严肃的问题上表明我们的立场呢?我们怎能理解而且可能解决我们所面临的迫在眉睫的许多问题呢? 最初的印刷工人所使用的工具很简单,搬动起来也很容易15世纪末,欧洲印刷工人有一千多人由于很多人不懂希腊文和拉丁文,不久印刷书籍就包括了各种语言印书者开始把书印得小些,以便携带起来更容易此外,而且他们开始把书印得更精致了,在每一章之前增添插图和装饰性字母印刷字母逐渐做得更小、更细、更精致印刷字母开始看起来和手写字母不同了。字母的形式终于大为简化,完全适合铅字的要求书籍的插图有时是木刻的在雕刻标志木头时,图画的白色部分是凹陷的
48、在木头的凸出表面涂上墨水,并印在纸上,图画的黑色部分就复印出来当然,起初的试作是相当粗糙的,但渐渐地木刻印刷工人刻的插图,就变得既细腻又有艺术性了意大利的佛罗伦斯,德国的里昂,都以出版插图书籍而驰名。 董医生的美国之行仅仅3周的时间,但未等5天的医学会议结束,他已经开始感到比较自信了。当然他感到自己所犯的一些错误有点儿愚蠢但他很快就学会调侃自己的过错,并发现他的同事也在向他微笑这些消除了交流的障碍,帮助他建立了一些良好的业务关系会议结束后,他同我提到的那一家人取得联系,并愉快地拜访了他们在此过程中他又经历了一些新的文化惊奇,但他发现他能够更好地了解并适应他们。 完型:Any living
49、 language is in a constant state of change.At any particular moment,it is almost hard to notice like most of the changes that affect your own body.You don't notice them, but you're lucky if it feels as good and serves you as well as ten years ago.In that period of time it has changed.It is the same
50、with Language . The most common and the most noticeable可觉察的 kind of change is what happens to vocabulary.New words appear;old words take on new meanings . 。Even the native speaker might feel surprised. Mouse began to mean a small,hand-held device which can be used to give instructions to a comput






