高二上选修六.pptx

选修选修 6 6Unit 5 The power of natureLearningaboutlanguage Discovering useful words and expressions1Replacetheunderlinedpartswithawordorphraseofsimilarmeaningfromthetext.Rewritethesentenceifnecessary.1.Wereceivedthewrittensetofquestionsfromthecompanyastheywereeagertofindoutouropinionontheirproducts.thequestionnaire2.Thecardrewupnexttothesideofourcarandthedriverwavedtous.3.Thescientistswerestudyingcarefullytoseehowsuccessfultheexperimentis.alongsideThescientistswereevaluatingtheexperiment4.Imovedcarefullyoverthefallenrocksandreturnedtothecar.5.Ithinktheboyislikelytoachievesuccessinpainting,butheneedstraining.6.Theteacherwasgiventhejobbecausehewasthebestcandidate.mademywayhaspotentialappointed7.Itiscertainthatthefactorywillgreatlyraisetheirefficiencyiftheyhavemodernmachinesandtools.8.Charleslookedatthedrawingthatshowshowthemachineworksandknewimmediatelywhatwaswrongwithit.equipmentdiagram2 Complete the paragraph with the words in the box in the correct forms.burntothegroundabsolutevolcanoeruptionwavefountainashlavaeruptTheeruptionofMountVesuviusin79ADtookthepeopleofPompeiibysurprise.Theyhadalwaysknownthatthemountainwasa_butithadbeenquietforsolongthatnobodysawitasathreat.Whenthevolcanofinallydid_,volcanoeruptitwassoquickandsoseverethatthetownwassooncoveredin_and_.AwritercalledPliny,whowasthereduringthe_,describedhowlavawasthrownintotheairlikea_.Afteritfelltoearth,itturnedinto_oflavawhichtravelleddownthemountainashlavaeruptionfountainwavesfasterthanpeoplecouldrunaway.Itwasan_disasterforthosewhocouldnotescapeintime.ManyofthewoodenhousesandbungalowsinPompeiiwere_,butthestonehousesremainedundertheashuntiltheywererediscoveredduringthe20thcentury.absoluteburnedtothegroundRevisingtheingform本课时重、难点本课时重、难点n重点重点:动词动词-ing形式的作用形式的作用动词动词-ing形式在做状语时的作用形式在做状语时的作用n难点难点:动词动词-ing形式的一般式与完成式的区别形式的一般式与完成式的区别说出下列动词的现在分词形式：说出下列动词的现在分词形式：nWork_sleep_study_ntake_make_dance_ncut_put_begin_nlie_tie_die_观察下列例句观察下列例句,思考划线部分作用。思考划线部分作用。(1)Thisisaninterestingbook.()(2)Themansittingbythewindowisourmathsteacher.()(3)Seeingtheteacherenteringtheroom,thestudentsstoodup.()(4)Isawtheboywalkingonthestreetyesterday.()(5)Playingfootballishisfavotiresport.()(6)Ididntstopworkinglastnight.()(7)MyworkisteachingEnglish.()定语定语定语定语状语状语宾补宾补 主语主语宾语宾语表语表语归纳总结：归纳总结：动词动词-ing是是_中的一种，中的一种，单独使用时单独使用时,能在句中做除能在句中做除_之外的任何其他句子成分。如之外的任何其他句子成分。如:主语、主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等。宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾补等。在语态上，动词在语态上，动词-ing表示表示_(主动主动/被动的动作被动的动作)。在时间上在时间上,动词动词-ing一般表示一般表示_(正在进行正在进行/已经完成已经完成)的动作。的动作。动词非谓语形式动词非谓语形式谓语谓语主动主动正在进行正在进行Lookingcarefullyattheground,Imademywaytotheedgeofthecrater.HavingexperiencedquiteafewearthquakesinHawaiialready,Ididnttakemuchnotice.Theingformusedasanadverbial:用法用法例句例句时间时间 Walkingalongthestreet,ImetMary.(=WhileIwaswalkingalongthestreet)在街上走的时候在街上走的时候,我遇到了玛丽。我遇到了玛丽。一、动词一、动词-ing形式作状语形式作状语用法用法例句例句原因原因 Beingtired,Istoppedtotakearest.(=BecauseIwastired,)因为疲倦因为疲倦,我停下来休息。我停下来休息。条件条件 Turningtotheleft,youwillfindtheschool.(=Ifyouturntotheleft,)向左走向左走,你就会找到那个学校。你就会找到那个学校。用法用法例句例句让步让步 KnowingwhereIlive,henevercometoseeme.ThoughheknowswhereIlive,)尽管他知道我的住处尽管他知道我的住处,但从不来但从不来看我。看我。用法用法例句例句伴随伴随 Istoodthere,waitingforher.(=,andwaitedforher.)我站在那儿等她。我站在那儿等她。结果结果 Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthearea.(=Itrainedheavilysothatitcausedseverefloodinginthearea.)在这个地方雨在这个地方雨下的如此大下的如此大,以至引发了洪灾。以至引发了洪灾。二、动词二、动词ing形式的完成式形式的完成式句型句型主动主动 Having+p.p.,主语主语+谓语谓语被动被动(Having been)+p.p.,主语主语+谓语谓语用法用法1)ing形式的完成式所表示的形式的完成式所表示的时间在谓语动词之前时间在谓语动词之前2)表示被动可直接用过去分词表示被动可直接用过去分词例句例句Havingfinishedmywork,Iwenthome.(=AfterIhadfinishedmywork,)工作做完之后工作做完之后,我就回家了。我就回家了。例句：例句：(Havingbeen)writteninhaste,thebookhassomefaults.这本书因仓促写成这本书因仓促写成,所以有些缺憾。所以有些缺憾。观察下列观察下列2个句子个句子,体会体会havingdone与与doing的不同用法的不同用法:1)Havingwrittentheletter,Johnwenttothepostoffice.2)Seeingthebeautifulsight,thechildrenfeltexcited.总结总结:V-ingdoinghavingdone表动作表动作有先有后有先有后表动作表动作同时发生同时发生一般式一般式完成式完成式Exercise1:1)_thechildtobed,shebegantocorrectthestudentshomework.A.SendingB.BeingsentC.SentD.Havingsent2)Becarefulwhen/while_(cross)thestreet.3)_(听到这个消息听到这个消息),wegotexcited.crossingHearingthenewsD 举一反三举一反三:V-ingdoinghavingdone一般式一般式完成式完成式beingdonehavingbeendone主动主动被动被动Exercise 2:1)她被蛇咬了三次后她被蛇咬了三次后,她看见蛇后就害怕。她看见蛇后就害怕。_2)正在进行的那个会议非常重要。正在进行的那个会议非常重要。_Havingbeenbittenbythesnakeforthreetimes,shefeelsfrightenedThemeetingbeingholdnowisofgreatimportance.whenseeingthesnake.1)_himtheanswerseveraltimes,Ididntknowwhetherhecouldunderstand.2)_theanswerseveraltimes,hestillcouldntsolvetheproblem.Having toldHaving been toldExercise 3:用用having been told/having told填空：填空：主动主动被动被动归纳归纳主句主语为动作的主句主语为动作的发出者发出者。主句主语为动作的主句主语为动作的承受者承受者。1.分词分词(短语短语)作状语时作状语时,其逻辑主语其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致必须与句子的主语一致。如果不一致,必须用独立主格结构来表示必须用独立主格结构来表示,也就是在也就是在分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。分词前面加上它的逻辑主语。三、使用三、使用-ing形式需注意的几个问题形式需注意的几个问题Comparingallthegreatpeoplewitheachother,youllfindthattheyhavemuchincommon.Findinghercarstolen,shehurriedtoapolicemanforhelp.Thetrainhavinggone,wehadtowaitanotherday.分析分析:前两例中前两例中,-ing形式的逻辑主语均为形式的逻辑主语均为主句的主语。最后一例中主句的主语。最后一例中havinggone的的逻辑主语是逻辑主语是thetrain。MywifehadalongtalkwithSally,explainingwhyshedidntwantthechildrentoplaytogether.我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间我妻子与莎莉谈了很长时间,解释她解释她为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。为什么不想让孩子们在一起玩。分析分析:现在分词现在分词explaining是句子主语是句子主语mywife做的动作，它们之间是主动关系，做的动作，它们之间是主动关系，即即explaining的逻辑主语，就是句子的的逻辑主语，就是句子的主语主语mywife。一般来说一般来说,-ing形式表示主动、进行形式表示主动、进行;过去分词表过去分词表示被动、完成。试比较示被动、完成。试比较:Theenemyfledinapanic,leavingbehindalotofdeadbodiesandweapons.Defeatedandfrightened,theenemyfledinapanic.2.与过去分词作状语的区别与过去分词作状语的区别分析分析:前一例中的前一例中的-ing形式短语在句子中作伴随状语形式短语在句子中作伴随状语,它与其逻辑主语它与其逻辑主语theenemy之间为主动关系之间为主动关系;后一句后一句中的过去分词中的过去分词defeated和和frightened表原因表原因,它与其它与其逻辑主语逻辑主语theenemy之间为被动关系。之间为被动关系。3.分词短语做状语时分词短语做状语时,前面可以加上连词前面可以加上连词或介词或介词,但是分词短语和句子之间不能用但是分词短语和句子之间不能用并列连词并列连词(如如but,and),因为并列连词接的因为并列连词接的是两个并列成分是两个并列成分,而分词短语只是全句而分词短语只是全句的一个状语部分的一个状语部分,分词和主句之间可用分词和主句之间可用逗号。逗号。Whenseeingfromthetopofthehill,youcanenjoythewholebeautyofthiscity.误误:Havingbeentoldmanytimes,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.正正:Hewastoldmanytimes,buthestillcouldntunderstandit.或或Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillcouldntunderstandit.4.-ing的一般式和完成式现在分词都的一般式和完成式现在分词都可以表示先后接连发生的动作。可以表示先后接连发生的动作。在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式在可能引起误解的场合应该用完成式现在分词表示先发生的动作。如现在分词表示先发生的动作。如:Havingbrushedhisteeth,Mr.Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast.布朗先生刷过牙布朗先生刷过牙,就下楼来吃早饭。就下楼来吃早饭。(此句如写成此句如写成:Brushinghisteeth,Mr.Browncamedownstairsforbreakfast.可能指可能指“边刷牙边刷牙,边下楼边下楼)Comingintotheroom,heputdownhisbag.(=Hecameintotheroomandputdownhisbag.)他走进房间他走进房间,放下提包。放下提包。Openingthedrawer,hetookouthiswallet.(=Heopenedthedrawerandtookouthiswallet.)他打开抽屉他打开抽屉,拿出钱包。拿出钱包。Notfearingthefire,thechildtouchedandgotafingerburnt.小孩儿不知道小孩儿不知道怕火怕火,用手去摸用手去摸,把手指烫了。把手指烫了。Notknowinghowtofindthesubway,Iaskedapolicemanforhelp.我不知怎我不知怎样找到地铁样找到地铁,就去找警察帮忙就去找警察帮忙。5.分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面分词的否定形式是在分词短语前面加上加上not,never等否定词构成。如等否定词构成。如:高考链接高考链接1.(2004广东广东)_theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.HavingnotcompletedC2.MoreandmorepeoplearesigningupforYogaclassesnowadays,_advantageofthehealthyandrelaxationbenefits.(2005上海上海)A.takingB.takenC.havingtakenD.havingbeentakenA 1.“Youcantcatchme!”Janetshouted,_away.(2005全国全国)A.runB.runningC.torunD.ran例题解析例题解析B解析解析:答案答案B。runningaway在此作在此作shouted的伴随状语的伴随状语,由由Janet发出这发出这一动作。一动作。2.Thestormleft,_alotofdamagetothisarea.(2005全国全国)A.causedB.tohavecausedC.tocauseD.havingcausedD解析解析:答案答案D。题意。题意:暴雨过去了暴雨过去了,只留只留下给这一地区造成的巨大损害。由上下下给这一地区造成的巨大损害。由上下文逻辑意义看文逻辑意义看,此处应表示自然而然的此处应表示自然而然的结果结果,故用现在分词作结果状语。故用现在分词作结果状语。3._inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletathome.(2004北京北京)A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.TohavewaitedC解析解析:答案答案C此处为现在分词的完。此处为现在分词的完成式作时间状语成式作时间状语,表明该动作发生在表明该动作发生在realized之前。之前。4._suchheavypollutionalready,itmaynowbetoolatetocleanuptheriver.A.HavingsufferedB.SufferedC.TosufferD.SufferedA解析解析:答案答案A。由。由already提示提示,分词动分词动作发生在谓语之前作发生在谓语之前,故须用分词的完故须用分词的完成式。成式。5.Thesecretaryworkedallnightlong,_alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparingB解析解析:答案答案B。非谓语动词充当伴随。非谓语动词充当伴随状语状语,与主语与主语thesecretary是主动关系是主动关系,因此用因此用v.-ing形式。形式。I.每空填一词每空填一词,使该句与所给句子的使该句与所给句子的意思相同。意思相同。1.Becausehewasill,hedidntgotoschool._,hedidntgotoschool.2.Whenshewaswalkingalongthestreetoneday,shemetanoldfriendofhers._thestreetoneday,shemetanoldfriendofhers.BeingillWalkingalong3.Ifitissunny,wellgoforapicnictomorrow._,wellgoforapicnictomorrow.4.Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,thelittlegirlbegantowatchTV._herhomework,thelittlegirlbegantowatchTV.5.Becausetheyhadbeenwarnedbytheteacher,theydidntmakesuchmistakes._bytheteacher,theydidntmakesuchmistakes.ItbeingsunnyHavingfinishedHavingbeenwarned6.Asitwasaholiday,alltheshopswereshut._,alltheshopswereshut.7.IfIhadbeengivenalongertime,Icouldhavedoneitbetterthanplanned._alongertime,Icouldhavedoneitbetterthanplanned.8.AfterIgothome,Ifoundmybooksmissing._,Ifoundmybooksmissing.HavinggothomeHavingbeengivenItbeingaholiday9.Whenhewasstillasmallboy,hewenttoFrancewithhisfather._,hewenttoFrancewithhisfather.10.Whenautumncomes,swallowsgotothesouth._,swallowsgotothesouth.Beingasmall boyAutumncoming.将每组中的两个句子组合成一个拥有将每组中的两个句子组合成一个拥有动词动词-ing形式的句子。形式的句子。1.Alicesawavolcanoeruptinginthemorning.Shefeltexcitedandcouldntfallasleepatnight.Havingseenavolcanoeruptioninthemorning,Alicefeltexcitedandcouldntfallasleepatnight.2.Iknewthesightisimpressiveonthetopofthemountain.Imadeanefforttoclimbontoit.Knowingthesightwasimpressiveonthetopofthemountain,Imadeanefforttoclimbontoit.3.Thenewbookofthefamousnovelistwasveryboring.Itdidntbecomepopularamongyoungpeople.Beingveryboring,thenewbookofthefamousnovelistdidntbecomepopularamongyoungpeople.4.JimknewhehadHIV.Hewasabsolutelyanxiousandfrightenedaboutit.KnowinghehadHIV,Jimwasabsolutelyanxiousandfrightenedaboutit.Glancingthroughthewindow,hesawaswallowtremblingonthegroundwithabrokenleg.5.Heglancedthroughthewindow.Hesawaswallowtremblingonthegroundwithabrokenleg.6.AfterIgotthenewsabouttheterribletyphoon,IcalledmyfathertoseeifeveryonewasOK.Havinggotthenewsabouttheterribletyphoon,IcalledmyfathertoseeifeveryonewasOK.HomeworkRememberthegrammarrulesandthenfinishtheexercises2,3and4onP37.