2021北京海淀高三(上)期中英语(教师版).docx

2021北京海淀高三（上）期中
英 语
2021.11
本试卷共10页，共100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题纸一并交回。
第一部分：知识运用（共两节， 30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。Rob made ends meet for his family as a handyman, doing odd jobs around the area. But those odd jobs quickly dried up due to a financial crisis. Then he lost his apartment. This ___1___ his family into renting a motel room.
“We have to pay rent every day, and I'm running ___2___ on money,” Rob said. So, the ___3___ handyman took to the streets with a sign that read: “Handyman, 25 years exp., Need work.” Rob wasn't asking for money or looking for a handout but rather for an opportunity to earn his ___4___.
Rob stood on the side of the highway holding his sign for a week. The temperatures were scorching （灼热的）but he ___5___ the hot sun each day in the hopes of finding work. Someone took a photo of him and ___6___ it on social media! Kyle, the owner of Greenstar Home Remodeling, saw Rob’s photo online. And he decided to offer the handyman a chance to help him get back on his feet.
Kyle brought Rob on to help with some demolition （拆除的）work. Rob didn’t even ask how much the job paid. He just showed up. “I ___7___ out as a painter, and then I became a landscaper—roofing— whatever I could make money at,” the handyman explained.
Rob ___8___ intends to put his all into working for Kyle for as long as Kyle has jobs for him. And after seeing Rob’s dedication and ___9___ , Kyle is willing to do all he can to help the man build a brighter future.
Sometimes all someone needs is to be given a ___10___.
1. A. fooled B. forced C. frightened D. persuaded
2. A. deep B. free C. hard D. short
3. A. careless B. homeless C. unwilling D. unemployed
4. A. fame B. time C. living D. place
5. A. braved B. escaped C. expected D. enjoyed
6. A. leaked B. checked C. shared D. clicked
7. A. reached B. started C. dropped D. hung
8. A. fully B. hardly C. possibly D. casually
9. A. drive B. honesty C. creativity D. interest
10. A. lesson B. choice C. challenge D. chance
第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
A
Four years ago, Danielle Crull rescued a stray cat from a forest in Pennsylvania. Now, the cat, Truffles, is changing hundreds of lives by helping children ___11___ have eye problems feel more relaxed about wearing glasses. Truffles, famous for her charming glasses, works alongside “her mom”, an optician (眼科医生).When kids come in, they are often terrified o£ anything ___12___ (come) near their eyes. That’s when Truffles comes to the rescue. “With little ones crying, Truffles comes out ___13___ I put glasses on her. They immediately stop crying and put their own glasses on,” Crull said. Truffles is literally magical with little kids.
B
The Palace of Westminster is the meeting place of the two Houses of the Parliament of the UK. It ___14___ (lie) on the north bank of the River Thames in the heart of London, close to the historic Westminster Abbey and the government buildings of Whitehall and Downing Street. The name may refer to either of the two structures: the Old Palace, a medieval building complex, most of which ___15___ (destroy) in 1834, and its replacement New Palace that stands today. The palace retains its original style and status as a royal residence for various ceremonial ___16___ (purpose)
C
Why is it so important to discuss and find solutions___17___ food loss and waste? Fust, at consumer level, almost one-third of the total food ___18___（produce） globally is lost or wasted every year. Second, the impact of such loss is frightening. Food loss and waste are responsible for about six to eight percent of all greenhouse gas emissions. Furthermore, reducing food loss and waste is not just an environmental concern-it is also a moral imperative （必要）. Food loss and waste have a significant footprint on___19___（nature） resources. Thus it is critical___20___（achieve）sustainable food systems.

第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。
A
From snapping photos in video mode to broadcasting your location in the event of an emergency, there are endless functions your smartphone can perforin.
Backup Your Zapper
If you spend as many hours looking down the back of the sofa as I do, you’ll be relieved to learn that most smart TV systems can use your phone as a back-up remote control. Download the Android TV Remote Control or Apple TV Remote apps for the devices if you have a streaming stick.
Subtitle Your Life
Live Transcribe is a simple and effective Android app, preinstalled on Google’s Pixel 3 phones, which transcribes speech in almost real time. If you’re hard of hearing, it can help you follow a conversation without need for a hearing aid, or enjoy unsubtitled live broadcasts, such as radio dramas. Theoretically, it could also produce a reliable written record of a meeting. However, due to privacy concerns, it has not yet been permitted to save or share transcripts.
Singalong Your Contacts
Connectivity is not always convenient. If you frequently find yourself rushing from the garden or bathroom to pick up your mobile, only to discover it’s just another cyborg bothering you about selling insurance—may I suggest you set specific rings for your closest contacts. On both iOS and Android, you can add personalized rings to your close friends or most beloved ones, right from the contacts directory on your phone.
Measure Your Shopping
When you’re out shopping for furniture, it’s a good idea to bring a tape measure with you —but, seriously, whoever remembers to do that?! Apple’s Measure app has saved you a lot of times. It’s super simple to use—just point the camera at the object you want to measure and it superimposes （叠映）a yellow dot that you tap at each end of the item concerned, and it provides you with an instant calculation in centimeters.
21. Which one can help people with hearing problems to enjoy radio dramas?
A. Android TV Remote Control. B. Live Transcribe.
C. Personalized rings. D. Apple’s Measure.
22. After reading this passage, mobile phone users may realize they can____.
A. choose to ignore unwanted calls
B. save a written record of a meeting
C. locate their remote control easily
D. get the size of an object by taking a photo
23. Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. What Apps We Have to Buy!
B. It’s Time to Get a New Mobile!
C. Don’t Overuse Your Mobile Phone!
D. Who Knew My Phone Could Do That!
B
A 96-year-old woman, believed to be the oldest working nurse in the country, has retired from a Tacoma, Washington, hospital.
Last week, Florence Rigney, better known to her friends as “SeeSee”，retired as a nurse at MultiCare Tacoma General Hospital after over 70 years. Throughout her career—which began as a student nurse, Rigney worked consistently, only taking a “break” from nursing to raise her two children.
Working as a nurse has kept Rigney very active. She’s traveled across the country as an operating nurse and even logged up to three miles on her treadmill from walking during her shifts. “I don’t like to sit around—I’ve always got to have something to do. That’s my nature,” Rigney said in a statement, adding that she always wanted to become a nurse, “I love to interact with patients and give them the help that I can.”
Rigney planned on retiring once at age 65, but after six months, she decided that she needed the job to stay active and keep her mind sharp. Now as she officially retired, the hospital noted that Rigney planned on spending most of her time enjoying family and friends. “Even working into her nineties, she has never been one to slow down. Some of her colleagues joked that they had to sprint to keep up with her,” said Laureen Driscoll, president of the hospitals. “SeeSee’s continued to be a dedicated nurse and an incredible resource to her colleagues and community. It’s humbling to stop and think about the thousands and thousands of lives she’s cared for. Everyone at MultiCare thanks Rigney for her unmatched dedication and service，and we’re proud to honor her by supporting tomorrow’s future nurses,” she continued.
As She Said goodbye to her beloved job, Rigney offered some advice for other nurses. “Don’t ever think that you know it all,” she noted in the release. “I kind of did that when I was in the operating room and you have to always be open. You never stop learning.”
In her honor, the hospital announced the creation of its SeeSee Rigney Nursing Endowed Scholarship Fund, which will provide scholarships for MultiCare employees for continued learning and development in nursing.
24. Rigney continued working at age 65 because she______________.
A. needed to support her family
B. wanted to stay energetic and sharp
C. hoped to show her personal value
D. intended to promote nurse training
25. What was Rigney’s suggestion for younger nurses?
A. Remain confident. B. Care for each other.
C. Keep active and patient. D. Stay hungry for knowledge.
26. According to the passage, Rigney is respected mainly due to her__________.
A. old age and good health
B. quick mind and great creativity
C. positive attitude and hard work
D. high position and good resource
C
Do you listen to quiet music to help you wind down before sleep? However, this practice could be counter-productive, according to a new study by Michael K. Scullin and colleagues at Baylor University. The work, published in Psychological Medicine, found that bedtime music was associated with more sleep disruptions and that instrumental music is even worse than music with lyrics.
In the first study, 199 online participants living in the US reported on their sleep quality and music listening frequency and timing, as well as their beliefs about how this affected their sleep. Almost all— 87%— believed that music improves sleep, or at least does not disrupt it. However, the team found that more overall time spent listening to music was associated with poorer sleep and daytime sleepiness. Just over three quarters of the participants also reported experiencing frequent “earworms”—having a song or tune “stuck” and replaying in their minds. A quarter reported experiencing these during the night at least once per week, and these people were six times as likely to report poor sleep quality. The team’s analysis suggested that listening specifically to instrumental music near bedtime was linked to more sleep-related earworms and poorer sleep quality.
The team then ran an experimental study on 48 young adults. After arriving at the sleep lab at 8:45 p.m., participants went to a quiet bedroom, where they completed questionnaires that included measures of stress, sleep quality and daytime sleepiness. They also had electrodes applied, ready for the night-time polysomnography to record their brain wave activity, as well as heart rate and breathing, and reported on how relaxed, nervous, energetic, sleepy and stressed they felt. At 10:00 p.m., they were given some “downtime”, with quiet music playing. Half were randomised to hear three songs while the other half heard instrumental-only versions of these same songs.
Participants reported decreases in stress and nervousness and increased relaxation after listening to either set of songs, and also showed decreases in blood pressure. So—as earlier studies have also suggested—quiet music at bedtime was indeed relaxing at the time. However, a quarter of the participants woke from sleep with an earworm, and the polysomnography data showed that instrumental versions of the songs were more likely to induce these awakenings as well as other sleep disruptions, such as shifts from deeper sleep to lighter sleep. Taken together, the findings represent “causal evidence for bedtime instrumental music affecting sleep quality via triggering earworms,” the team writes.
Why instrumental-only songs should have a bigger impact than music with lyrics isn’t clear. The three songs used in this study were chosen because they were likely to be familiar. Hearing them without the lyrics might have prompted the participant’s brains to try to add the words, which might have made earworms more likely. If this is the case, all instrumental music may not have the same effect. However, the data from the first study is consistent with the idea that instrumental music generally is more of a problem.
27. According to the passage, the participants in both studies
A. were required to listen to light music
B. felt their sleeping problems resolved
C. had their sleeping quality monitored
D. provided feedback on bedtime music
28. What does the underlined word “induce” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. Lead to. B. Impact on.
C. Break in. D. Focus on.
29. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Earworms are mainly caused by music with lyrics.
B. Bedtime music leads to high blood pressure and anxiety.
C. Quiet music improves sleeping quality while loud music harms sleep.
D. Both familiar and unfamiliar instrumental music can cause sleeping problems.
30. The passage is mainly about________.
A. how instrumental music disturbs sleep
B. the possible negative effect of bedtime music
C. how people can improve their sleep quality
D. differences between music with and without lyrics
D
I was at the Gathering for Science in Boston, on 22 April 2017, as were 70,000 other scientists. We were there to stand up for facts and truth.
Where are the crowds of scientists now? Since then, harms from science denial have only increased: global suffering has grown owing to inaction on climate change, and some epidemics have risen along with vaccine skepticism.
I’ve been out there talking to the science deniers, and I’ve asked my scientist friends to come with me. “Those people just aren’t worth talking to,” they’ll say. “I wouldn’t make a difference anyway.” That’s wrong. Those people can and do change their minds, although it requires someone to put in the time to overcome distrust.
To be sure, many experts have launched themselves against misinformation, enduring abuse on social media and even threats to their safety. But when scientists turn down my invitations, it’s not because of fear. Most often, their excuses are grounded in the “backfire effect”, a questionable 2010 finding that people sometimes embrace misconceptions more strongly when faced with corrective information, implying that pushing back against falsehoods is counter-productive. Even the researchers whose results were exaggerated to popularize this idea do not embrace it anymore, and argue that the true challenge is learning how best to target corrective information.
In fact, evidence is growing that rebuttals can be effective. Science deniers all draw on the same flawed reasoning techniques: cherry-picking evidence, relying on fake experts