北京市房山区2021-2022学年高三上学期期末考试英语试题.doc

学校________________ 　班级________________ 姓名_________________

密
封
线
内
不
能
答
题

房山区 2021-2022 学年度第一学期（中学）期末考试
高三英语
本试卷共10页，共100分，时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。

第一部分　知识运用（共两节，30分）
第一节（共 10 小题；每小题1.5 分，共15 分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Xing Yifan is a university student who was diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis（ALS）about six months after birth.
Due to severe spinal deformity (畸形) caused by the illness, Xing, who weighs only 18 kilograms, has 1 in doing routine tasks that most people take for granted. However, armed with a strong will, he worked hard to ensure that the 2 would not hold him back. Since his muscles are too 3 to support his body, he puts his head on a desk to read. He
4 all the difficulties and was admitted to No. 1 Middle School in Jilin with the highest test scores in the school’s history.
“I 5 everything I’ve got to you. You determined early on that while the disease has made me 6 the ability to walk and run, it wouldn’t make me lose the 7
opportunity. You have accompanied me through every class from primary school to high school. I know every day is 8 for you, but you never give up.” Xing said to his parents.
In Xing’s mind, disease can hurt his body but can’t 9 his desire for knowledge and his confidence to serve the country. In 2021, Xing went to Beihang University with a score of 645 points in the college entrance examination.
10 can create miracles. Xing Yifan has shown the power of optimism and strength for people.
1. A. anxiety B. interest C. difficulty D. confidence
2. A. weight B. disease C. pressure D. prospect
3. A. weak B. flexible C. sensitive D. adaptable
4. A. avoided B. ignored C. expected D. overcame
5. A. owe B. leave C. offer D. contribute
6. A. show B. reduce C. lose D. keep
7. A. job B. practice C. education D. promotion
8. A. exciting B. surprising C frightening D. challenging
9. A. balance B. destroy C. control D. strengthen
10. A. Bravery B. Effort C. Patience D. Imagination
第二节（共 10 小题；每小题1.5 分，共15 分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。
A
My father is a carpenter and he has passed that skill on to me. He taught me how to work with wood and make wood do what I wanted it to do. So far my father 11 (build) dozens of the most beautiful pieces out of wood. He is making a picture frame 12 one of his friends now. He spends hours on the pieces of wood everyday 13 (make) it perfect. That is also what my father handed down to me—the attitude 14 he has towards his work.
B
Now, the loss of nature carries a huge economic cost. If we want to resolve the climate crisis, reduce inequality, maintain the wealth of nations and feed a 15 (grow) global population, we must protect, restore, and sustainably manage nature. It is no longer enough for businesses to be “less bad.” 16 we need is to be good, and we need to make up for the damage or we will put 17 (we) in danger.
C

高三英语第1页（共10页）

高三英语第2页（共10页）

A super-sized earth pressure balance shield machine (盾构机) made in China is ready to be put into use. The shield machine, 18 (name) “Jinxiu,” rolled off the production line on Saturday. This shield machine is the 19 (large) of its kind produced by China. With a total length of 135 meters and a weight of 3,000 tons, the machine 20 (use) for the construction of the Jinxiu Tunnel in the future.
第二部分　阅读理解（共两节，38分）
第一节（共 14 小题；每小题2 分，共28 分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Looking for a good book? We have the world’s largest collection of expert book recommendations. The following are books that have been recommended over and over again, suggesting they are some of the most important books ever written.
Atomic Habits by James Clear
Atomic Habits, published in 2018, will reshape the way you think about progress and success, and give you the tools and strategies you need to transform your habits. If you’re having trouble changing your habits, the problem is your system. Bad habits repeat themselves again and again because you have the wrong system for change. James Clear will help you get a proven system that can take you to new heights.
The Looming Tower by Lawrence Wright
The Looming Tower by Lawrence Wright was published in 2014. The book is the most detailed and thrilling account of the events that led to the destruction of the Twin Towers, based on five years of research and hundreds of interviews.
Ammonite by Nicola Griffith
Ammonite, Griffith’s first science fiction, which was published in 1992, won the Lambda Award and the James Tiptree Jr Award. It tells us a thrilling story: A human expedition to the planet Jeep is nearly wiped out by a virus that kills all the men and most of the women. Some centuries later, Marghe is sent to test a vaccine on the people there. As she lives and moves among them, Marghe finds herself changed in unexpected ways.
Walden by Henry David Thoreau

高三英语第3页（共10页）

高三英语第4页（共10页）

First published in 1854, Walden details Thoreau’s experiences over the course of two years, two months, and two days in a cabin he built near Walden Pond, in woodland owned by his friend Ralph Waldo Emerson, near Concord, Massachusetts. The book compresses the time into a single calendar year and uses passages of four seasons to symbolize human development.
21. Who wrote the book about the disaster of the Twin Towers
A. James Clear. B. Lawrence Wright.
C. Nicola Griffith. D. Henry David Thoreau.
22. Which book is the best choice for the people who love science fictions?
A. Atomic Habits. B. The Looming Tower.
C. Ammonite. D. Walden.
23. According to the passage, the four books are all _______.
A. about thrilling stories B. recommended by experts
C. newly published books D. helpful in shaping your habits
B
The Importance of a Child’s Gift
On the first day of fourth grade, my teacher, Mrs. Brown, told my class a story about her husband Rob, who is a brain cancer survivor. She talked about their journey through his treatment and recovery. After what Mrs. Brown experienced with Rob’s illness, she decided to devote part of her life to helping people in similar situations. She told us about a local organization she was a part of called Be Head Strong (BHS), which works to support and comfort families with a member suffering from brain cancer. Her strength and attitude toward her situation inspired me and led me to realize some significant lessons about love and hope.
One day, when I was looking at the money that I had saved, I thought about the stories Mrs. Brown had told us, about Rob and all the other remarkable people she worked with through BHS. I decided that was where I wanted my money to go.
As the last day of school approached, I wrapped the heart-shaped box full of dollars and coins. After all the other kids had left on the last day of school, I handed Mrs. Brown the present. As she opened it, I told her that I wanted the money to go to BHS to help people like Rob. She broke into tears and hugged me tightly.
I was invited to BHS’s annual fundraiser and auction (拍卖). The night’s theme was hope and giving. The auctioneer told everyone the story of my gift to Mrs. Brown, the $131. 30. At the end, he asked, “How many of you are willing to do what a fourth grade girl did and donate $131. 30?” At that point nearly everyone in the room raised their bidding numbers. At that moment I realized that the money I had donated had become something bigger than that.
Inspired by Mrs. Brown, I continued my fundraising through the years, starting fundraisers and helping with BHS events. The joy that I found in this organization never came from any recognition that I received for my action. I gained belief and hope from the people that I met and worked with in BHS. These events and experiences have shown me what love can bring in bad situations. I want to spend much of my life volunteering.
People may not always realize how big of an impact one kind gesture can make. Mrs. Brown sparked a decision in my life that has changed how I live.
24. What made the author better understand love and hope?
A. Mrs. Brown’s love for her students.
B. The local organization’s contribution.
C. Mrs. Brown’s positive attitude towards hardship.
D. Rob’s journey through his treatment and recovery.
25. What did the author do for BHS?
A. She presented the auctioneer with his gifts.
B. She participated in an auction and became a winner.
C. She donated her money and raised fund for the organization.
D. She made lectures to inspire those who lived with brain cancer.
26. What did the author value most in her voluntary experience?
A Belief and hope. B. Comfort and joy.
C. Love and recognition. D. Respect and confidence.
27. What can we conclude from this passage?
A. Great hopes make great man.　
B. Actions speak louder than words.
C. A friend in need is a friend indeed.
D. A small decision can make a big difference.
C
Beyond Identity
We often think of ourselves as our body, mind, and emotions. However, we also often talk about a person’s soul. Is there any scientific basis for the soul? Surprisingly, there is. Each unique personality a person has, the feeling and identity of the self beyond age, and our inevitable subjective experience as an individual make a scientific foundation for the soul.
Despite the constant change in the links between our brain cells, we remain the same personality. This is most obvious in the case of mentally ill patients or people who have experienced memory loss Science journalist Michael Lemonick told the story of Lonni Sue, who suffered brain damage and was left unable to recall her past or to form new memories. Lemonick thought that Lonni Sue, when she lost her memories, lost her self. But once he got to know her, as well as people who knew her before and after her injury, Lemonick discovered that herself had not been destroyed. She was still cheerful in a way that made people around her feel better, and she was still creative and playful. So, despite memory loss, we still have the essence of our personality. Basically, no matter what happens to our brain, our unique personality seems to shine through.
Besides one’s personality being present despite memory loss, the soul of a person can be identified through one’s consciousness (意识). Though we commonly identify with our body and what we see in the mirror, we also have a sense that we are not a certain age—as our sense of self usually depends less on age and rather on our subjective feeling of who we are.
Lastly, each person is inevitably subjective about his or her experience. Despite humans being very similar to each other in DNA, our view on reality is very different from individual to individual.
The soul of a person is challenging to prove scientifically. However, with each person’s personality being unique, the behavioral quality of thinking of the self beyond age, and our inevitable subjective experience, we can say that the soul has some basis in science. These realities of our behavior, character, and perception might not be tested, but they are very difficult to deny.
28. The author tells the story of Lonni Sue to show _______.
A. the stability of people’s personality
B. strange behaviors of mentally ill patients
C. the chance for the mentally ill to form new memories
D. the changes of the people who suffered brain damage
29. What does the underlined word “essence” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A. Past memory. B. Changeable belief.
C. Optimistic attitude. D. Important nature.
30. What can we learn from the passage?
A. Our body, mind and emotions tell who we are.
B. The soul of a person changes as he or she grows old.
C. Scientific research has already proved what makes up our soul.
D. Our soul depends on our personality, consciousness and experience.
D

高三英语第5页（共10页）

高三英语第6页（共10页）

As online learning becomes more common and more and more resources become digital form, some people have suggested that public libraries should be shut down and, in their place, everyone should be given an iPad.
Supporters of this idea state that it will save local cities and towns money because libraries are expensive to maintain. They also believe it will encourage more people to read because they won’t have to travel to a library to get a book; they can simply click on what they want to read and read it from wherever they are. They could also access more materials because libraries won’t have to buy physical copies of books.
However, it would be a serious mistake to replace libraries with iPads. First, digital books and resources are associated with less learning and more problems than print resources. A study done on tablet and book reading found that people read 20-30% slower on iPads, remember 20% less information, and understand 10% less of what they read compared to people who read the same information in print. Additionally, staring too long at a screen has been shown to cause some health problems, including dizziness, dry eyes, headaches, shoulder and back pain and so on. We should not add to these problems by giving people, especially young people, more reasons to look at screens.
Second, it is incredibly narrow-minded to assume that the only service libraries offer is book lending. Libraries have more benefits, and many are only available if the library has a physical location. Some of these benefits include acting as a quiet study space, giving people a way to communicate with their neighbors, holding classes on a variety of topics, providing jobs and keeping the community connected. One neighborhood found that, after a local library instituted community events such as play times for kids and parents, job fairs for teenagers, and meeting spaces for senior citizens, over a third of residents reported feeling more connected to their community. Similarly, a survey conducted in 2015 found that nearly two-thirds of American adults feel that closing their local library would have a major impact on their community. People see libraries as a way to connect with others and get their questions answered and benefits iPads can’t offer nearly as well or as easily.
While replacing libraries with iPads may seem like a simple solution, it would encourage people to spend even more time looking at digital screens, despite the issues surrounding them. It would also end access to many of the benefits of libraries that people have come to rely on. In many areas, libraries are such an important part of the community network that they could never be replaced by a simple object.
31.