2017-2021北京高一(下)期末英语汇编：健康环保类阅读.docx

2017-2021北京高一（下）期末英语汇编
健康环保类阅读
一．阅读理解
1．（2017北京•北京市海淀区高一（下）期末）
The Power of Sound
The music of world﹣famous guitarist Gabriel Ayala can make you cheer or cry depending on the chords（弦）．As the winner of numerous musical honors，he said，"I love the power of sound．"He was also recently named Native American Music Awards Artist of the Year and he played at the inauguration of President Barack Obama．
"My concerts are a journey for both my audiences and myself，"he says．"Feelings and emotions are all over the board and I am the tool trying to convey those feelings，trying to paint a visual picture through chord changes．Sound conveys power，whether it's a well﹣performedcraze or the wind blowing through the trees．Music isn't just a pretty melody，also it's a visual performance that captures moments in life and puts them to music．"
Ayala also shares his gift with kids．As a teacher with a master's degree，he serves as an advocate（提倡者） for youth education by being a role model．He practices the philosophy of honoring elders，respecting women，and loving children．He delivers a message to youth that they can become whatever they dream of．
The music man has recently launched a non﹣profit foundation to work more closely with youngsters．"I've been blessed in both my career and life and feel I need to give back to pay my respect and thanks for the gift I have owned and I can do that through music，"he says．
One of his experiences in giving back involved a high school class of some 200，which included a special needs group．"I used my guitar as a tool to capture their interest and once I began playing，the whole behaviors of the class changed in a positive way．This was especially so for one of the disabled students whose hands would not allow him to even hold my costly guitar．When I put the valuable guitar in his lap and he started beating the heck out of it as hard as he could，there wasn't a dry eye in the house．That's the real reason I play music，not for fame or fortune，but because music has the power to truly heal．The look on that boy's face was priceless．"

16．In Ayala's eyes，music is a 　 　．
A．role model
B．natural gift
C．famous painting
D．visual performance
17．Ayala plays music to 　 　．
A．earn money
B．be a role model
C．become famous
D．encourage the youth
18．From the passage，we can learn that Ayala 　 　．
A．plays various instruments skillfully
B．sends valuable guitars to disabled students
C．devotes himself to delivering the power of music
D．calls on children to walk into schools to learn music．
2．（2021北京•北京市延庆区高一（下）期末）
Women Who Changed Science Forever
This International Women's Day，we're celebrating three women who changed the face of science forever.
Ellen Ochoa
Ellen Ochoa is an American engineer and retired astronaut.She was the first Latina woman to fly in space as part of the crew of the shuttle Discovery in 1993.Ochoa attended San Diego State University and then continued her education at Stanford.Ochoa regards her mother，whose passion for learning kept her in part﹣time college courses all through Ochoa's childhood，as an important influence on her career.
At the end of her flying career，Ochoa had traveled nearly 1，000 hours in space.From 2012 to 2018，Ochoa served as the director of Johnson Space Center in Houston，Texas，only the second woman to head up NASA's human spaceflight headquarters.
Mamie Phipps Clark
Mamie Phipps Clark was an American social psychologist（心理学家），who specialized in child development in black children.Born in Arkansas，Clark drew on her early experiences as a black child in the segregated（种族隔离的）American South to help children growing up with the same iniquities.
Clark stated at Howard University in 1934，and went on to complete a PhD in psychology.She and Kenneth，now her husband，were the first two black people to earn PhDs at Columbia.With their funding，she started the famous Doll Test，which showed the negative effects of school segregation on black children.
Anandibai Gopalrao Joshee
Anandibai Jpshee was to become India's first woman physician with a medical degree.When she was young，her father strayed（偏离）from the traditional Hindu belief that women should not receive education and encouraged her to go to school.When she was fifteen，she was determined to study medicine，a choice likely influenced by the loss of an infant son and surviving a serious illness herself.At the Woman's Medical College，Joshee studied devotedly，hoping to return to India to serve other Indian women.
She died in February 1887 at the young age of twenty﹣one.Despite her short life，Joshee's accomplishments were remarkable for an Indian woman，and her achievements were enough to open the door for other Indian women to quickly follow.

（1）In Ochoa's idea，what influences her most in her career？　 　．
A.Her part﹣time job in a college.
B.Her first flight in space in 1993.
C.Her mother's desire for knowledge.
D.Her experience in NASA headquarters.
（2）What is Phipps Clark famous for？　 　．
A.Having a PhD in psychology.
B.Fighting against racial discrimination.
C.Starting the test on the growth of children.
D.Devoting herself to the founding of equalities.
（3）What do the three great women have in common？　 　．
A.They specialized in similar research fields.
B.They all experienced inequality in education.
C.They were pioneers changing our belief in women.
D.They were scientists influencing our way of learning.
（4）Which of the following word best describes the three women？　 　．
A.Dedicated.
B.Modest.
C.Creative.
D.Caring.
3．（2021北京•北京市延庆区高一（下）期末）ECycling refers to the recycling of electronic items，which are becoming a common problem in American home and throughout the world.The EPA，or Environmental Protection Agency，has actually started a program to help and motivate the recycling of electronics.
To get the program to the regional and neighborhood levels，the EPA directed "Plug﹣In to eCycling Partners." These partnerships support electronic reusing programs in individual communities.They provide local governments，retailers and manufacturers with opportunities to reuse and recycle their items.Those who make and offer electronic devices then promote programs and opportunities for consumers to reuse their second﹣hand electronic products.One of the EPA's goals is to enlighten customers about why the recycling of electronics is so important.They likewise wish to make eCycling chances easily accessible to specific consumers and their family electronics.According to the EPA，the eCycling program has actually been quite successful.In 2008，the EPA collected 66.5 million pounds of electronic devices through their Plug﹣In Partners.
Local governments have actually likewise got on board and passed laws intended to handle used electronic devices.Huge corporations have actually introduced eCycling programs at their local retail stores.One seller offers customers small，medium and big boxes for sale，which the customers then load with used electronics and go back to the store.Typically，customers bring their recyclable electronics to a location.When the electronic items are gathered by the EPA（typically this is done by the Partners），they are reused or recycled.
Reused items are repaired and refurbished，and passed on to others as a contribution.You can repair or recondition your very own electronic devices too，extending the life of the items and conserving the energy of making new materials.Reusing electronic devices includes making use of the products and pats of the items.These materials and parts are then made use of to produce another item.This is more efficient than making items from new materials.
Some items that are commonly eCycled consist of televisions，computer monitors，printers，notebook computer，keyboards and cable televisions.Less usual items include copying machines，CDplayers，voice mail machines，computer hard drives，mobile telephones，remote controls，radios，batteries，telephones，facsimile machines and computer games.Occasionally，electronic items such as microwaves，fans，vacuums，smoke alarms，and toasters are eCycled.
As the eCycling program continues，you or your organization may want to get involved.Check the EPA's internet site（www.epa.gov）for regional eCycling programs，or for details on how your company can participate.Their website has links to organizations that are taking part in the eCycling program.
（1）The EPA brought about "Plug﹣In to eCycling Partners" to 　 　.
A.make and offer electronic devices to consumers
B.make customers understand the importance of eCycling
C.make the program accessible to local regions and communities
D.make it possible for consumers to reuse their used e﹣products
（2）The Plug﹣In Partners are mainly engaged in 　 　.
A.repairing electronic device
B.gathering recyclable electronics
C.reusing second﹣hand e﹣products
D.offering customers different boxes for sale
（3）What can we infer from the passage？　 　．
A.People can sell their reused items on the Internet.
B.Individuals can't take part in eCycling programs.
C.Devices of computers are well eCycled.
D.Not every electronic item can be eCycled.
（4）What is the main purpose of this passage？　 　．
A.To introduce a new way to save costs.
B.To teach customers how to recycle electronics.
C.To attract people to join in the eCycling programs.
D.To call on local governments to support Plug﹣In Partners.
4．（2020北京•北京市顺义区高一（下）期末） People can reduce，reuse or recycle waste instead of throwing it away．Matt and Sam decided to do an experiment to see how much waste the three R's could save．
First，they collected the rubbish from six classrooms at their school and then divided the rubbish into three groups：
• things that were reusable，such as a pencil or a marker
• things that could be recycled，such as cans，glass，or paper
• things that were truly waste
Then，Matt and Sam weighed each of the three groups．They discovered that 84% of the total rubbish thrown away that day could be recycled or reused．They decided to do something about it．
Matt and Sam presented the idea of starting a recycling programme to the school leaders．Then they worked with the Student Council．They prepared brochures for the students and their families about recycling．After thinking over the possibility of the programme，the school bought colored containers for each classroom．Besides，each room received a blue container for paper and a green container for glass and cans as well as a red container for real rubbish．
Within a short time，each classroom in the school was sorting recyclable materials from rubbish before it was thrown．To check the school's progress，Matt and Sam weighed the rubbish one more time．They collected the rubbish from the red containers from the same six classrooms as before，sorted the rubbish into three groups again and weighed each group．This time，they found that the red containers were filled with 90% real waste．Only 10% of recyclable materials had been thrown into the red containers．Matt and Sam were pleased with their efforts．

（1）Why did Matt and Sam do the experiment？　 　．
A．To see what could be reused．
B．To see what could be recycled．
C．To see how much waste students produced．
D．To see how much waste the three R's could save．
（2）What did Matt and Sam do in the recycling programme？　 　．
A．They worked by themselves．
B．They made a speech on recycling．
C．They wrote brochures about recycling．
D．They bought colored containers for each classroom．
（3）How much real rubbish was thrown into the red containers after the experiment？　 　．
A．84%．
B．10%．
C．90%．
D．100%．
（4）Which word can best describe Matt and Sam？　 　．
A．Friendly．
B．Generous．
C．Confident．
D．Responsible．

5．（2020北京•北京市朝阳区高一（下）期末）
Is It a Healthy Interest？
The Guinness Book of World Records describes Ranulph Fiennes as the worlds greatest living explorer．His journeys include the first polar circumnavigation （极地环行）and the first unsupported crossing of the Antarctic continent on foot．So when he suffered a heart attack，it came as something of a surprise．
Exercise is highly beneficial as it reduces both the pulse （脉搏）rate and the blood pressure so reducing stress on the heart as it brings blood round the body．It also helps to keep the artery （动脉）walls more elastic （有弹性的）．
But can you push yourself too much？On the subject of exercise，it is good to take several parts of "moderate" exercise a week，which is a little more than quick walking． "We need to be careful when we're doing extreme sports，" says expert Len Almond． "Extreme stress can make almost impossible demands on the body's ability to recover．The stress of extreme sports forces biochemical changes in the body，and the physical response to that kind of activity will be too extreme．"
We all know how the Olympics began．The man who ran 26 miles from the town of Marathon to Athens with news of a victory died as soon as he arrived，and the cause of his sudden death might be the heart attack．Further research was done by scientists．They studied cyclists （自行车运动员）on a race that covers 230 km with a height change of 5，500 m．They were interested in one particular enzyme（酶），high concentrations of which are found in those who have suffered a heart attack．The scientists found that levels of this chemical increased in most of the cyclists who completed the race．The largest increases were seen in the fastest cyclists who had trained the hardest．
Most of us will never put our bodies to such extreme sports．But if，when you hear about someone like Fiennes，you ask whether exercise is worth it，I advise you to consider your own condition．Personally，I agree with the saying： "Run not to add years to your life but to add life to your years．"

（1）According to the passage，taking exercise can 　 　．
A．speed up the heart rate
B．increase stress on the heart
C．reduce the blood pressure
D．keep the artery walls straight
（2）What does expert Len Almond suggest？　 　．
A．Our bodies can easily deal with physical stress．
B．Playing extreme sports is harmful to the human body．
C．We need a long period of recovery after extreme sports．
D．There is more to learn about the effect of physical stress．
（3）Why is the research on the cyclists mentioned in Paragraph 4？　 　．
A．To suggest a different area of research．
B．To support the activity of taking part in sports．
C．To explain the effect of a height change on cyclists．
D．To prove that extreme sports may cause heart attacks．
（4）The author believes that exercise 　 　．
A．helps you have a regular life
B．adds years to your life
C．should be done in moderation
D．will be worth the effort
6．（2020北京•北京市通州区高一（下）期末）Most scientists are now certain that global warming is taking place．Gases such as carbon dioxide are creating a warm blanket around the earth．This blanket is trapping heat in the atmosphere，and so raising the temperature of the earth．
In Europe，eight of the last ten