2022北京人大附中高二(下)期中英语(教师版).docx

2022北京人大附中高二（下）期中
英 语
说明：本试卷共3道大题54道小题, 共8页, 满分100分, 考试时间90分钟, 请同学们务必将答案写在答题纸上, 在试卷上作答无效。
第一部分：知识运用(共三节, 40分)
第一节 完形填空(共10小题：每小题1.5分, 共15分)阅读下面的短文, 掌握其大意, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
When I was three, I had a very good friend named Gemma. She was fearless where I was anxious, ____1____ where I was conservative and skillful where I was clumsy. She was also entirely imaginary.
I can’t remember when or how I “met” Gemma, and, perhaps sadder still, I don’t remember the last time I “saw” her. Even though my brain created her, she ____2____ me to go on adventures I would not have had the confidence to embark upon without her. So it saddened me to see the results of a recent survey showing 72% of nursery workers believed children have fewer ____3____ friends than they did five years ago, with 63% believing this to be a result of increased screen time.
It’s thought that 40% of us had imaginary friends during our ____4____. In an essay, the researchers found that 81% of those surveyed had “lost” their imaginary friends after they turned 10, but most of these friendships ended ____5____. Perhaps imaginary friends simply stay with us for as long as we need them, moving on when our lives become too full and loaded for our brains to make space to generate their own ____6____.
If you’ve enjoyed an imaginary friendship, I’d guess that you did not consciously sit down to create a perfect pal-they probably arrived ____7____, as an indication of thoughts and ideas you never knew you had. Our imaginary friends prompt us to explore and honour our curiosity. It is very hard to make the time and the space to do this as an adult. In order to be a good ____8____ to an imaginary friend, you need to be able to make “what if?” into an exciting plan. When we grow up. we’re too quick to finish the sentence with, “what if it goes wrong?”
As an adult, we might not still need imaginary friends, but maybe we need to be reminded that a little bit of ____9____ is good for us, and that our brains can conjure up (想起) the best ideas when they are left to their own devices. If there are fewer imaginary friends populating the worlds that our children live in, that might lead to a future with fewer artists, writers and problem-solvers, which is a real cause for ____10____.
1. A. adaptable B. rebellious C. emotional D. considerate
2. A. adjusted B. retrained C. innovated D. inspired
3. A. imaginary B. intimate C. decent D. intelligent
4. A. adulthood B. adolescence C. childhood D. babyhood
5. A. evidently B. naturally C. accidentally D. suddenly
6. A. association B. education C. occupation D. creation
7. A. unheard B. unasked C. untouched D. untold
8. A. companion B. instructor C. student D. assistant
9. A. freedom B. wisdom C. boredom D. random
10. A. imagination B. concern C. limitation D. failure
第二节 选词填空(共10小题：每小题1分, 共10分)
阅读下面的短文, 从A—J中选择适当的短语补全意思并填涂在答题卡上。
What is your recovery rate? How long does it take you ____11____ that upset you? Minutes? Hours? Days? Weeks? The longer it takes you to recover, the more influence that incident has on your actions, and ____12____. The perfect example is found with professional sportspeople. They know that the faster they can forget an incident or missed opportunity and ____13____, the better their performance.
Imagine yourself to be an actor in a play on the stage.Your aim is ____14____. You have been given a script and at the end of each sentence is a full stop. Each time you get to the end of the sentence, you start a new one and although the next sentence is related to the last, ____15____. Your job is ____16____.
Don’t live your life in the past! Learn to live in the present, ____17____. Stop the past from influencing your daily life. Don’t allow thoughts of the past to ____18____. Stop the past from ____19____. Learn to recover quickly.
The way forward? Live in the present. Not ____20____.
A to play your part to the best of your ability
B. reduce your personal best
C. in the precedent
D. to overcome the past
E. get on with the game
F. to recover from actions and behaviors
G. it is not affected by it
H. to deliver each sentence to the best of your ability
I. interfering with your life
J. the less able you are to perform to your personal best
第三节 语法填空(共15小题：每小题1分, 共15分)
A
阅读下列句子, 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
____21____ your IQ tells you how intelligent you are, your EQ tells you how well you use your intelligence. Professor Salovey, who invented the term EQ, gives the following ____22____(describe): at work, it is EQ that gets you ____23____(promote). ____24____(support) by his research, Professor Salovey suggests that when ____25____(predict) someone's future success, their character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter more than their IQ.
B
阅读下列句子, 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Cloning is the process of making an exact copy of a plant or animal and developing it either naturally or artificially. Natural cloning ____26____(go) on for generations, such as identical twins. For years, there ____27____(be) attempts to clone animals artificially. The first successfully cloned animal was a sheep named Dolly in 1996, who ____28____(live) for six and half years. In 2018, the cloning of Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua, two long-tailed monkeys, were the first-ever primates____29____(clone). The successful cloning of primates ____30____(lead) to worldwide praise as it is a huge breakthrough in cures for diseases and clues on prevention of the aging process.
C
阅读下列句子, 在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词, 在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
When I was a teenager, I felt that I was just young and uncertain, ____31____ I was a new boy in a huge school, and that I would have been very pleased to be regarded as something so interesting as a problem. For one thing, ____32____(be) a problem gives you a certain identity, and that is one of the things the young are busily ____33____(engage) in seeking.
I find young people exciting. They have an air of freedom, and they have not a dreary ____34____ (commit) to mean ambitions or love of comfort. They are not anxious social climbers, and they have no devotion to material things. All this seems to me to link them ____35____ life, and the origins of things.
第二部分：阅读理解(共两节, 30分)
第一节 阅读选择(共10小题：每题2分, 共20分)阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中, 选出最佳选项。
A
I hated wearing a burqa. It made me itch; it made me sweat. And it made me invisible. Mine was blue with a small lace opening for the eyes, though underneath I wore a short-sleeved dress and tights. Walking in a burqa, I lost my usual confident gait: I hung my head lower, both hands clutching the edge of the fabric so I wouldn’t stumble. The very fact of wearing it made me feel inferior. To leave the house, when I became a teenager about a decade ago, I had to transform myself into a thing.
My way of protesting was to go out as little as possible, which seemed to be the only way I could protect my individuality. But I yearned to participate in life directly rather than simply observe it through my veil.
My parents, too, wanted me to step into my fullest potential. When other mothers praised their daughters for their cooking and housework, mine would claim that a woman’s real jewel is her education. When other fathers focused on how quickly they could marry their daughters, my father laughed if someone came to our house with a marriage proposal.
On some nights, when the neighbourhood was sleeping and only stray dogs occupied the roads, my father would walk with me outside the house to give me a taste of the world without a burqa. In the shadow of moonlight, we would stroll, hearing the sounds of crickets and dogs rummaging through rubbish. With each step I took, I felt free. Once my father disguised me as a boy to swim in the river that I used to go to when I was a child. He didn’t want me to forget what it felt like to be free.
Sometimes I would get angry and loudly complain that I was forced to cage myself in a burqa. My mother would look at me with a solemn expression, place her hand on my head, and say, “Be someone who can leave this place.” She encouraged me to learn English.
And I did. Armed with an iPad, the internet and a free education website called Khan Academy, I taught myself English, philosophy, maths, science, and history. While most young women my age were getting married, I was learning how to argue like Socrates or apply mathematics like Newton. With each new thing I learned, I began to feel alive, like a plant that blooms when it gets water after it has been parched and dying. By allowing me the freedom of education, my parents gave me a window to the world. More than that, they gave me the tools to create my own identity and make myself visible again.
36. As a teenager, ________.
A. she felt inferior to others B. she was too shy to go out
C. she made up herself into a thing D. she was aware of her individuality
37. When someone came to propose a marriage, her father _____
A. laughed at their proposal B. felt it weird and stupid
C. refused with laughter D. concealed his anger with laughter
38. She studied hard in order to ________.
A. make herself visible to the world B. free herself from the trap of her parents
C. be capable like Socrates and Newton D. fulfill her parents’ dream of getting education
B
Do you want a job with a successful multinational (跨国公司)? You will face lots of competitions. Two years ago Goldman Sachs received a quarter of a million applications from students and graduates. Those are not just discouraging odds for job hunters; they are a practical problem for companies. If a team of five Goldman human-resources staff, working 12 hours every day, they would take nearly a year to complete the task of sifting through the pile.
There is little wonder that most large firms use a computer program, or algorithm, when it comes to screening candidates seeking junior jobs. And that means applicants would benefit from knowing exactly what the algorithms are looking for.
Victoria McLean is a former banking headhunter and recruitment manager who set up a business called City CV, which helps job candidates with applications. She says the applicant-tracking systems (ATS) reject up to 75% of CVs, or résumés, before a human sees them. Such systems are hunting for keywords that meet the employer’s criteria. One tip is to study the language used in the job advertisement; if the initials PM are used for project management, then make sure PM appears in your CV.
Passing the ATS stage may not be the job hunter’s only technological barrier. Many companies, including Vodafone and Intel, use a video-interview service called HireVue, Candidates are quizzed while an artificial-intelligence (Al) program analyses their facial expressions (maintaining eye contact with the camera is advisable) and language patterns (sounding confident is the trick). People who passionately wave their arms about or passively slouch in their seat are likely to fail. Only if they pass that test will the applicants meet some humans.
You might expect Al programs to be able to avoid some of the biases of conventional recruitment methods-particularly the tendency for interviewers to favour candidates who resemble the interviewer. Yet discrimination can show up in an unexpected way.
There may be an arms race as candidates learn how to adjust their CVs to pass the initial Al test, and algorithms adapt to screen out more candidates. This creates scope for potential bias: candidates from better-off households (and from particular groups) may be quicker to update their CVs. In turn, this may require companies to adjust their algorithms to avoid discrimination.The price of artificial intelligence seems likely to be eternal vigilance (警惕).
39. Victoria sets up City CV to ________.
A. hunt for keywords that meet the employer’s criteria
B. study the language used in the job advertisement
C. benefit candidates by helping them with applications
D. sift through applications before a human sees them
40. What does the underlined word “slouch” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. look lazy B. look funny C. look rude D. look crazy
41. What can we learn from the last two paragraphs?
A. Interviewers’ preference creates potential bias in Al programs.
B. Al programs may prefer quicker candidates to slower ones.
C. An arms race results in algorithms selecting more candidates.
D. Companies should be alert to the cost produced by Al recruitment.
C
Lia Thomas, a student at the University of Pennsylvania, is an excellent swimmer. She often beats her rivals by tens of seconds, breaking records. Her success is based on three things. One is natural talent. Another is persistent training. And the third is biology.
For although she identifies as a woman,Ms Thomas was born male.Since humans cannot change their sex (unlike their self-identified gender),she remains that way.On the eve of her biggest competition, Ms Thomas finds herself at the centre of the bad-tempered debate about whether trans women-males who identify as women-should compete in women’s sports.That,in turn,is part of a broader argument: should brute (纯粹的) biological facts sometimes override people’s deeply held feelings about their identities?
This newspaper believes it is almost always unfair to allow transgender women to compete in women’s sports.The advantages bestowed by male puberty (青春期) are so big that no amount of training or talent can enable female athletes to overcome them.Florence Griffith Joyner’s 100-metres world sprinting record has stood for three decades.A male matching it would not even make it to the Olympics, let alone the final.In 2016,at an American event for high-schoolers, four of the eight boys in the 100-metres final ran faster.
Much of the male advantage is granted by testosterone (睾丸素) a potent anabolic steroid whose levels rise sharply in male puberty.For many years,many sporting bodies, following the lead of the International Olympic Committee, hoped to deal with the issue by allowing trans women to compete in women’s events provided they took testosterone-suppressing drugs.But the science suggests this does not level the playing field.Suppressing testosterone in adults, it seems, does little to undo the advantages granted by a male adolescence.
Sports must therefore choose between inclusion and fairness; and they should choose fair play. That does not mean, as is sometimes claimed, that trans women would be barred from all sport.One way to make that clear would be to replace the “men’s” and “women’s” categories with “open” and “female” ones.The first would be open to all comers.The second would be restricted on the basis of biology.
Sport is public, and results can be measured objectively. That means the argument that the material facts of biology should sometimes outrank a person’s subjective sense of identity is easier to make. But bias exists, as a Republican bill in Florida to restrict “in