雅思写作笔记整理.doc

o IELTS WRITING
Task 1
o “分类意识”图表题正文段分段标准
o 单图: 先分类后分段
o 双/三图: 每个图表一段
o 四图: 先分类后分段（分类提取）

o 怎样写好小作文3大段落
o 1. 开头段写法: 改写原题, 写1-2句。剑桥考官提供范文亦是如此:
c7t1: The pie charts show units of electricity by fuel source in Australia and France in 1980 and .
考官满分范文开头段就简单改写为:
The pie compares the sources of electricity in Australia and France in 1980 and .
o 同义词替换
The UK/ Britain/ the United Kingdom
Proportion/percentage
Information/data
Males/men females/women
From… to (年代）／between …and , over a period of …. years
The number of /the figure for(可数不可数都能够）
Family/ household
o 介绍图表常见动词
o 1. show 表明
o 2.describe 描述, 描写
o 3.illustrate 说明
o 4.represent 展示
o 5.display 展现
o 6. reveal 揭示
o 7. demonstrate 显示
o 8.indicate 暗示
o 9.unfold 显露
o 10. convey 表示
o 11.reflect 反应
o 开头段万能句
o Writing about data
o 1. number
o 2. figure（for）数字
o 4. statistic （一项）数据
o 5. percent／percentage
o 6.proportion 比率／rate／ratio（百分比）
o 7.amount of（uncon连用）
o 数据表示方法
1. From 数据 in 年份 to 数据 in 年份
2. Peak at 数据 bottom at 数据
3. 用括号引出
4. Decrease to 数据 / increase up to ／about 数据
5. 表示幅度用by: 百分比（上升下降了）
6. which was about 数据
7. 趋势 with 数据

o 主体段写法
o 主体段首句写法
c8t1
o 描述趋势多个句型
1.以对象为主语 （Band 6)
1.1对象＋趋势v
1.2对象＋经历＋趋势n
2.以there be为主语 (Band 5)
there be +趋势＋in 对象
3.以趋势做主语
3.1趋势＋被看到＋in对象 （Band 7)
3.2 趋势＋发生＋in 对象 （Band 7)
4.以时间为主主语
o 时间＋witness ＋趋势＋in 对象（Band 7）
o 专题段x句写法: 分项描写信息
步骤1:确定静态图/动态图
步骤2:确定有3个比较说明对象（工业、 农业和家庭用水）
步骤3:类似数据归类（如工业用水中美国和日本数据）
步骤4:从三个对象最高值（英国工业用水／英国家庭用水／中国农业用水）开始分析
o 结尾段写法
1. 重述总体特征;
In conclusion, more teachers were in Chinese regular schools in the 1990s than 30 years before.

o 时间前后关系 then/afterwards/ after that/after which/before/follow by
o 总分关系 more/specifically/to be more specific
说明趋势: trend, momentum.
波动:fluctuate（between…. and),/fluctuation／rises and falls/ vary from….. to
o 小作文7分词汇
o Noteworthy/ remarkable 显著
o Not surprisingly 意料之中地
o Per annum 每年
o By far 现在为止
o Discernable 可识别
o Shift (from.. towards)
o Accompanying 伴随
o Evenly 平均地
throughout（ the world) 贯穿 遍布
follow closely behind 紧跟着
related to 相关
as might be expected 正如所料
o starting/ initial/beginning/original /preliminary
o 小作文7分词汇
3.插入语
(1)Europe, with the greatest consumption per head of cigarettes, was………
(2)The greatest proportion of electricity, namely 59%, was generated by oil.

o 地图题 Map

1.选址比较题: 要求考生对建筑物不一样地址利弊进行比较, 而且多数选址在两个场地上进行。
主体通常根据不一样选址来划分主体段, 每段自述利弊
结尾段: 做结论, 哪个地点比很好
开头段用通常现在时, 主体段则要用would／could／might等虚拟语气。
关键要求: 讲清不一样选址各自优缺点
o The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for the town. The map shows two possible sites for supermarket.
Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

2.历史变迁题: 要求考生对某个地理区域在不一样历史年代里情况进行比较, 因为其设计年代改变, 所以本质为“地图题＋步骤图”。
主体段根据时间次序来划分, 一个时间段能够写一段, 但假如同一时间段, 能够考虑写成一大段。
结尾段写: xx是怎样发展, 或简单说地图展示来xx在…阶段改变过程。
开头段通常现在时, 主体和结尾段过去式。
关键关键点: 讲清楚同一区域不一样年代异同而不是优劣
o 地图题词汇句型汇总
1. A 位于 A is located/ situated
A lies（lay）/is just off the road (就在通向某地路边上）
A is located in the center of ( A 位于 ……中央）
right 能够表示“恰好”位于 e.g. A is right in the town center.
2. A 离 B 很近 A is near B/ A is close to B
3. A 就在 B 旁边, A紧挨着B A is next to B/ A is adjacent to B
4.A 在离B某一面……..公里／英里某处
A is located/ is situated/lies…..kilometers/miles to the east/west/north/south of B
5. A 位于B某一个角上
A is located on the north-east/north-west/south-east/south-west corner of B
6. 剩下其她部分the rest of
7. 道路通向／河流通向某处 the road runs from to/ the river runs from… to
8. 河流或道路穿过某一区域 the river runs through
9.沿着河流／道路等along/alongside the river/road
10.A在道路或者河流某一侧 A is located on the north of the river/road
11. A 与B 仅一河之隔／一路之隔 A is right across from B
12. A 在B对面 A is opposite B (无介词）
13.A 朝北／朝南／面朝公园等 A faces north/ A faces a park
14. A 位于场地内靠某一侧边界旁边
A is located on the eastern/western/northern/southern boundary of the site
15. 建筑物或场地各部分布局 layout
16. 建筑物周围环境 the surrounding of a building
17. 某一空间被建筑物占着 A is occupied by….
18. 组成组成 A consist of/ is composed of B,C,D
19. 长度／宽度 the length/width is // A is …… in length/width
20. A面积是 A is ……. in area
21. 描述形状形容词 rectangular 长方形round 圆形
square 正方形 L-shaped triangular 三角形
22.覆盖很小面积 cover a small/large area
23. 从….. 延伸到 extend from…..to 多用被动表示其被加长到了
24. 比较, “与……..不一样是”
unlike A, B /compared with A, B/ in comparison with A and B
A ……. While/whereas/By contrast B ……

o 地址比较题特有词汇句式汇总
1. Proposal 提议
2. potential/ possible/ proposed （场地）备选
3. site／location／场地
4. available 能够使用 be easily accessible to
5. accommodate 能够容纳
6. in theory／ theoretically 理论上讲 in fact
o 历史变迁特有词汇句式汇总
1. 在某处建造了a was built in/was constructed in /was put up in
2. 在某处有增建了a was added to…../ an addition was made to …… which was A .
3. 改动原有建筑合场所 change/modify(modification)/remodel(remodeling)
4. A 被改造成了b A was turned into b/ was converted into b
5. a 被从场地上移走或拆掉了 a was removed /demolished/taken down
o 地图题 Map
6.a 被b 替换了 a was replaced by b
7. 场地上一些其她事物已经被移走, 但a 存留了下来
…………,but A remained (remain 不能用被动态）
8 重建 rebuild
9.A 面积被缩小了 the size of a was reduced(to only half/ one third of its original size)
10.时间次序词 at first/ initially /originally
next/ after that/ at the next stage/ in the next period/ then
finally/ eventually/ in the end
o 地图题 Map
o TASK I: 步骤图
目:
让没有看到图表人, 听完你描述后, 就对图表关键特征有所了解
方法:
1）结构（时间/空间次序）
2）步骤（时间次序）/功效（例举）*必需分段

o 步骤图四要素(20%)
o 1. 步骤图信息比数学图表零碎, 而且是“一环扣一环”。所以, 在看图时候必需愈加仔细。
o 2. 步骤图里面存在生词是完全正常。
o 3. 表示次序单词或短语一定要多用（步骤图无非是描述一个过程）
o 4. 假如发觉步骤尤其复杂, 那么就合并成多个大步来写
o At the first stage of(in) the process, first/ first of all(the process begins with the…..)
o At the second stage
o After this/after that=next=at the stage of the process= at the following stage/subsequent
o Then／following this
o Finally/eventually(大作文不可用）
o Constituent part 组成部分／stage/phase