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1、直接引语和间接引语相关表格 一、 直接引语和间接引语概念 类别 比较 直接引语 间接引语 定义 直接引用他人原话 用自己话转述他人话 不一样点 直接引语前后要加引号 间接引语不用引号 相同点 直接引语和间接引语都是宾语从句（由祈使句转化而来间接引语除外） 例句 Tom said, “I’m afraid that I can’t finish the work.” Mary told me that she would leave for London the next morning. 二、 直接引语变间接引语时态规律 1. 直接引语变间接引语时
2、态改变 种类 条件 直接引语→ 间接引语 例句 间接引语谓语改变 (主句中谓语动词时态是过去时) 通常现在时→ 通常过去时 He insisted, “I’m the happiest father all over the world.” → He insisted that he was the happiest father all over the world. 现在进行时→ 过去进行时 John explained, “I’m operating the washing machine now.” → John explained that he
3、was operating the washing machine then. 现在完成时→ 过去完成时 The woman exclaimed, “I has lost control of my son.” → The woman exclaimed that she had lost control of her son. 通常过去时→ 过去完成时 Old Ben said, “I experienced the well-known civil war.” → Old Ben said that he had experienced the well-known civ
4、il war. 过去完成时→ 过去完成时 Carla answered, “I had passed the driving test last year”. → Carla answered that she had passed the driving test the year before. 通常未来时→ 过去未来时 Little Tony promised, “I’ll finish my homework on time.” → Little Tony promised that he would finish his homework on time. must
5、→ had to/must The boss shouted, “All of you must leave here at once.” → The boss shouted that all of them had to/must leave here at once. can/may→ could/might Joy whispered, “I may not obey your direction at this time.” → Joy whispered that she might not obey my direction at that time. shal
6、l/will→ should/would The teacher required, “You shall depend on yourself on the way to success.” → The teacher required that we should depend on myself on the way to success. 2. 直接引语变间接引语时态不变 条件 种类 a. 直接引语性质 例句 间接引语谓语不变 表示客观、 永恒真理、 规律或格言时 The teacher said, “Everything has two sides jus
7、t like a coin.” →The teacher said that everything has two sides just like a coin. 表示习惯性、 反复性动作或状态时 “My father always has a cup of milk after supper,” said Ann. →Ann said that her father has a cup of milk after supper. 表示谈话时动作仍然在继续时 Tony introduced, “Both of my sisters are English teachers.” →Ton
8、y introduced that both of his sisters are English teachers. 表示过去完成时态概念时 The minister recognized, “I hadn’t realized the seriousness before the eruption of violence.” →The minister recognized that he hadn’t realized the seriousness before the eruption of violence.” 表示明确过去时间概念时 The engineer said,
9、I started to work here in 1980.” →The engineer said that he started to work there in 1980. 表示含有when, while, since等从句时 “When I was a bay, I often went fishing in this river,” said Dad. →Dad said that when he was a boy, he often went fishing in this river. 表示含有wish, would rather, it’s time等虚拟概念时
10、 Little Mike said, “I wish I knew the keys before examination.” →Little Mike said that he wish he knew the keys before examination.” 表示含有must, had better, need, should, would等情态动词（组）时 My mother persuaded, “You had better ask your father for help.” →My mother persuaded that I had better ask my fath
11、er for help.” b. 主句性质 例句 主句中谓语动词时态是现在时或未来时 The pitiful girl says, “I will never forget those warm-hearted people.” →The pitiful girl says that she will never forget those warm-hearted people.” 三、 直接引语变间接引语代词、 状语、 动词改变规律 条件 词类 直接引语 间接引语 直接引语是特殊疑问句、 通常疑问句时或陈说句 指示代词 this that these tho
12、se 时间状语 now then today that day this morning that morning tonight that night tomorrow the next/following day yesterday the day before last night the night before the day before yesterday two days before ago before next the next/following 地点状语 here there 方向性动词 come go brin
13、g take 直接引语是特殊疑问句 实义动词 say ask 四、 直接引语与间接引语人称改变规律 类型 直接引语变间接引语 间接引语变直接引语 规 律 一变主、 二变宾、 三不变 同主变一、 同宾变二、 不一样不变 定 义 a) 直接引语引号内第一人称改为引号外主句主语 b) 直接引语引号内第二人称改为引号外主句宾语 c) 直接引语引号内第三人称不变 a) 间接引语宾语从句中人称代词和主句主语一致, 则直接引语人称代词改为第一人称 b) 间接引语宾语从句人称代词和主句宾语一致, 则直接引语人称代词改为第二人称 c) 间接引语宾语从句人称代词和主句
14、主语、 宾语都不一致, 则直接引语人称不变 例 句 Tom said to Jenny, “I and your brother will go to Paris for the summer vocation with his private plane.” →Tom told Jenny that he and her brother would go to Paris for the summer vocation with his private plane. Uncle Alfred asked me if I had entered the office with his
15、son the day before. →Uncle Alfred asked me, “Had you entered the office with my son the day before? ” 释 例 a) 引号内第一人称I改为引号外主句主语Tom(he) b) 引号内第二人称your改为引号外主句宾语Jenny’s(her) c) 引号内第三人称his不变 a) 间接引语宾语从句中人称代词his和主句主语Uncle Alfred一致, 则直接引语人称代词改为第一人称my b) 间接引语宾语从句中人称代词I和主句宾语一致, 则直接引语人称代词改为第二人称you 注意
16、 单、 复数和主、 宾、 全部格仍然保留与原人称一致。 五、 不一样类型直接引语变为间接引语规律 直接引语类型 间接引语改变 例句 陈说句 间接引语引导词that能够省略; 主句引述词有say, tell, report, answer, reply, explain, announce, think等; 主句通常位于句首; 间接引语用陈说句语序。 “I’m leaving for Tokyo on business tomorrow”, Mr. Smith said me. →Mr. Smith told me that he was leaving for Tokyo o
17、n business the next day. 疑问句 间接引语必需将疑问句语序变为陈说句语序, 句末用句号; 主句引述词由say改为ask 通常疑问句 由if/whether引导从句 He said to me, “Do you often go to the cinema? ” →He asked me whether I often went to the cinema. 反意疑问句 由if/whether引导从句 Jake said, “You have seen such a lovely sight, haven’t you? .” →Jake asked me
18、whether I had seen such a lovely sight. 选择疑问句 由whether…or…引导从句 I asked my son, “Will you stay at home or go with us? ” →I asked my son whether he would stay at home or go with us. 特殊疑问句 由原来疑问词引导从句 Students asked, “When will we attend the sports meeting? ” →Students asked when they would attend
19、 the sports meeting. 祈使句 间接引语必需将肯定或否定祈使句谓语动词对应地变为肯定或否定不定式; 主句引述词由say改为ask, tell, order, command, warn, suggest, insist等。 “Let’s have a break,” the teacher said. →The teacher advised us to have a break. 感叹句 间接引语引导词能够用that, what, how。 She shouted, “What a lovely boy it is.” →She shouted that it was a lovely boy./She shouted what a lovely boy it is.
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