材料成型标准工艺基础部分.docx

材料成型工艺基本部分
0 绪论
金属材料：metal material (MR)
高分子材料：high-molecular material
陶瓷材料：ceramic material
复合材料：composition material
成形工艺：formation technology
1 锻造
锻造工艺：casting technique
铸件：foundry goods （casting）
机器零件：machine part
毛坯：blank
力学性能：mechanical property
砂型锻造：sand casting process
型砂：foundry sand
1.1 铸件成形理论基本
合金：alloy
锻造性能：casting property
工艺性能：processing property
收缩性：constringency
偏析性：aliquation
氧化性：oxidizability
吸气性：inspiratory
铸件构造：casting structure
使用性能：service performance
浇局限性：misrun
冷隔：cold shut
夹渣：cinder inclusion
粘砂：sand fusion
缺陷：flaw, defect, falling
流动性：flowing power
铸型：cast (foundry mold)
蓄热系数：thermal storage capacity
浇注：pouring
凝固：freezing
收缩性：constringency
逐级凝固：layer-by-layer freezing
糊状凝固：mushy freezing
结晶：crystal
缩孔：shrinkage void
缩松：shrinkage porosity
顺序凝固：progressive solidification
冷铁：iron chill
补缩：feeding
等温线法：constant temperature line method
内接圆法：inscribed circle method
锻造应力：casting stress
变形：deforming
裂纹：crack
机械应力：mechanical stress
热应力：heat stress
相变应力：transformation stress
气孔：blow hole
铸铁：ingot
铸钢：cast steel
非铁合金：nonferrous alloy
灰铸铁：gray cast-iorn
孕育解决：inoculation
球墨铸铁：spheroidal
球化解决：sheroidisation
可锻铸铁：ductile cast iron
石墨：graphite
蠕墨铸铁：vermicular cast iron
热解决：heat processing
铝合金：Al-alloy
熔炼：fusion metallurgy
铜合金：copper alloy
氢脆：hydrogen brittleness
1.2 锻造措施 （casting method）
手工造型：hand moulding
机器造型：machine moulding
金属型：metal mold casting
金属模：permanent mould
压力锻造：press casting
熔模锻造：investment moulding
蜡膜：cere
离心锻造：centrifugal casting
低压锻造：casting under low pressure
差压锻造：counter-pressure casting
陶瓷型锻造：shaw process
1.3 锻造工艺设计
浇注位置：pouring position
分型面：mould joint
活块：loose piece
起模：patter drawing
型芯：core
型芯撑：chaplet
工艺参数：processing parameter
下芯：core setting
合型：mould assembly
冒口：casting head
尺寸公差：dimensional tolerance
尺寸公差带：tolerance zone
机械加工余量：machining allowance
铸孔：core hole
非原则：nonstandard label
收缩率：rate of contraction
线收缩：linear contraction
体收缩：volume contraction
起模斜度：pattern draft
锻造圆角：curving of castings
芯头：core register
芯头间隙：clearance
芯座：core print seat
分型线：joint line
分模线：die parting line
1.4 锻造构造工艺性
加强筋：rib reinforcement
撒砂：stuccoing
内腔：entocoele
2 金属塑性加工
塑性加工：plastic working
塑性：plastic property
锻造：forge work
冲压：punching
轧制：rolling
拉拔：drawing
挤压：extruding
细化晶粒：grain refinement
热锻：hit-forging
温锻：warm forging
2.1 金属塑性加工理论基本
塑性变形：plastic yield
加工硬化：work-hardening
韧性：ductility
答复温度：return temperature
再结晶：recrystallize
再结晶退火：full annealing
冷变形：cold deformation
热变性：heat denaturation
锻造比：forging ratio
镦粗：upset
拔长：pull out
纤维组织：fibrous tissue
锻造性能：forging property
可锻性：forgeability
变形抗力：resistance of deformation
化学成分：chemical constitution
热脆性：hot brittleness
冷脆性：cold-shortness
变形速度：deformation velocity
应力状态：stress condition
变形温度：deformation temperature
过热：overheating
过烧：burning
脱碳：carbon elimination
始锻温度：initiation forging temperature
终锻温度：final forging temperature
2.2 金属塑性加工措施
自由锻：flat-die hammer
冲孔：jetting
弯曲：bend
弯曲半径：bending radius
切割：cut
扭转：twist rotation
错移：offsetting
锻接：percussion
基本工序：basic process
辅助工序：auxiliary process
精整工序：finishing process
模锻：contour forging
锻模：forging die
胎膜锻：fetal membrane forging
剪床：shearing machine
冲床：backing-out punch
冲裁：blanking
弹性变形：elastic distortion
塑性变形：plastic yield
剪切变形：shearing deformation
最小弯曲半径：minimum bending radius
曲率：angularity
弯裂：rupture
回弹：rebound
辊轧：roll forming
辊锻：roll forging
斜轧：oblique rolling
横轧：transverse rolling
辗压：tamping drum
挤压：extruding
拉拔：draft
2.3 塑性加工工艺设计
工艺规程：process specification
锻件图：forging drawing
敷料：dressing
锻件余量：forging allowance
锻件公差：forging tolerance
工夹具：clamping apparatus
加热设备：firing equipment
加热规范：heating schedule
冷却规范：cooling schedule
后续解决：after treatment
分模面：die parting face
冲孔连皮：punching the wad
模锻斜度：draft angle
圆角半径：radius of corner
圆饼类锻件：circumcresent cake-like forging
长轴类锻件：long axis-like forging
2.4 锻件构造工艺性
锥体：cone
斜面：cant
空间曲线：curve in space
粗糙度：degree of roughness
2.5 冲压件构造工艺性
3 焊接
焊接：welding
铆接：riverting
熔焊：fusion welding
压焊：press welding
钎焊：braze welding
3.1 焊接理论基本
冶金：metallurgy
电弧焊：arc welding
气焊：acetylene welding
电渣焊：electro-slag welding
高能束焊：high energy welding
电子焊：electronic welding
激光焊：laser welding
等离子焊：plasma welding
电弧：electric arc
阳极区：anode region
阴极区：negative polarity
弧柱区：arc stream
正接法：electrode negative method
反接法：opposition method
脱氧剂：deoxidizing agent
焊缝：welded seam
焊缝区：weld zone
熔合区：fusion area
热影响区：heat-affected zone
脆性断裂：brittle fracture
过热区：overheated zone
正火区：normalized zone
相变区：phase change zone
焊接应力：welding stress
收缩变形：contraction distortion
角变形：angular deformation
弯曲变形：bend deformation
扭曲变形：warping deformation
波浪变形：wave transformation
反变形法：reversible deformation method
刚性固定法：rigid fixing method
预热：warming-up
缓冷：slow cool
焊后热解决：postweld heat treatment
矫形解决：shape-righting
3.2 焊接措施
埋弧焊：hidden arc welding
气体保护焊：gas shielded arc welding
氩弧焊：argon welding
熔化极氩弧焊：consumable electrode argon welding
钨极氩弧焊：argon tungsten-arc welding
二氧化碳气体保护焊：CO2 gas shielded arc welding
碳弧焊：carbon arc welding
碳弧气刨：carbon arc air gouging
电渣焊：electro-slag welding
高能焊：high grade energy welding
等离子弧切割：plasma arc cutting (PAC)
堆焊：bead weld
电阻焊：resistance welding
电焊：electric welding
缝焊：seam welding
压焊：press welding
多点凸焊：multiple projection welding
对焊：welding neck
摩擦焊：friction welding
扩散焊：diffusion welding
硬钎料：brazing alloy
软钎料：soft solder
3.3 常用金属材料旳焊接
焊接性：weldability
焊接措施：welding method
焊接材料：welding material
焊条：electrode
焊剂：flux material
碳素钢：carbon steel
低碳钢：low carbon steel
中碳钢：medium carbon steel
高碳钢：high carbon steel
低合金钢：lean alloy steel
不锈钢：non-corrosive steel
有色金属：nonferrous metal
3.4 焊接工艺设计
型材：sectional bar
药皮：coating
焊丝：soldering wire
持续焊缝：continuous weld
断续焊缝：intermittent weld
应力集中：stress concentration
焊接接头：soldered joint
坡口：groove
对接：abutting joint
搭接：lap joint
角接：corner joint
4 粉末冶金（power metallurgy）
粉末冶金成品：finished power metallurgical product
铁氧体：ferrite
硬质合金：sintered-carbide
高熔点金属：high-melting metal
陶瓷：ceramic
4.1 粉末冶金工艺理论基本
压坯：pressed compact
扩散：diffusion
烧结：agglomeration
固溶： solid solubility
化合：combination
4.2 粉末冶金旳工艺流程
制备：preparation
预解决：anticipation
还原法：reduction method
电解法：electrolytic method
雾化法：atomization
粒度：grain size
松装密度：loose density
流动性：flowing power
压缩性：compressibility
筛分：screen separation
混合：compounding
制粒：pelletization
过烧：superburning
欠烧：underburnt

5 金属复合成型技术
自蔓延焊接：SHS welding
热等静压：HIP
准热等静压：PHIP
5.1 液态成型技术与固态成型技术旳复合
高压锻造：high-pressure casting
电磁泵：magnetic-pump
压射成型：injection molding
柱塞：plunger piston
冲头：drift pin
凝固法：freezing method
挤压法：extrusion method
转向节：knuckle pivot
制动器：arresting gear
5.2 金属半凝固、半熔融成型技术
凝固：freezing
半熔融：semi-vitreous
触变锻造：thixotropy casting
触变锻造：thixotropy forging
注射成型：injection molding
5.3 其她金属成型新技术
迅速凝固：flash set
非晶态：amorphous
溢流法：press over system
喷射沉积：ejecting deposit
爆炸复合法：explosion cladding method
扩散焊接：diffusion welding
挤压：extruding
轧制：roll down

6 非金属材料成型技术
6.1 高分子材料成型技术
高分子材料：non-metal material
耐腐蚀：resistant material
绝缘：insulation
老化：ageing
耐热性：heat-durability
粘弹性：viscoelasticity
塑料：plastic material
橡胶：rubber
合成纤维：synthetic fibre
涂料：covering material
粘结剂：agglomerant
粘度：viscosity
热塑性塑料：thermoplastic plastics
热固性塑料：thermosetting plastic
通用塑料：general-purpose plastics
工程塑料：engineering plastic
薄膜：thin film
增强塑料：reinforced plastics
浇注塑料：pouring plastics
注射塑料：injiection plastics
挤出塑料：extrusion plastics
吹塑塑料：blowing plastics
模压塑料：die pressing plastics
聚合物：ploymer semiconductor
吸湿性：hygroscopic cargo
定向作用：directional action
生胶：green glue stock
填料：carrier
丁苯橡胶：SBR
顺丁橡胶：BR
氯丁橡胶：CR
丁腈橡胶：NBR
硅橡胶：Q
聚氨酯橡胶：U
压延：calender
硫化：sulfuration

胶粘剂：adhesive
胶接：glue joint
刹车片：brake block
零件修复：parts renewal
蜂窝夹层：honeycomb core material
6.2 工业陶瓷制品旳成型技术
干燥：drying
坯料：blank
润滑剂：anti-friction
结合剂：binder
热压铸：hot injiection moulding
6.3 非金属材料成型技术旳新进展
热压烧结：hot pressed sintering

7 复合材料旳成型技术
复合材料：composite material
树脂：resin
7.1 金属复合材料旳成型技术
硼纤维：boron fiber
钛合金：titanium alloy
碳纤维：carbon filter
等离子喷涂：plasma spraying
浸渍法：immersion method
锭坯：ingot blank
7.2 聚合物基复合材料旳成型技术
晶须：whisker
缠绕成形：enwind forming
湿法缠绕：wet method enwind
7.3 陶瓷复合材料成型技术
料浆：slurry
溶胶-凝胶法：sol-gel method
化学气相沉积： chemical vapor deposition (CVD)
原位：in situ
8 材料成型措施旳选择
粉末冶金：powder metallurgy
工程塑料：engineering plastics
工程陶瓷：engineering ceramics