英语四级选题型讲解市公开课一等奖百校联赛特等奖课件.pptx

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,15选10题型,第1页,题型介绍,考点分析,解题方法,总结,第2页,题型介绍,本题型出现在仔细阅读部分，在两篇传统阅读文章之前，占整个考试分值10%即71分。选词填空题文章长度在220250词左右,，,每个7.1分；也是要做对6个，到达42.6分为及格；题号47-56。,考试要求在7分钟左右时间内将题目给出15个词汇填入10个空格中。,第3页,考题特征：,首句不设空；一句话中不设两空；设空,比较均匀，基本覆盖整个段落；设空不影响,考生对文章大意了解；选项所提供词皆,为实义词，包含：名词、动词、形容词、副,词等，它们与文章上下文紧密联络；每个,正确选项都有干扰项，相互干扰选项之间,不是同义词或近义词。,第4页,考点分析,考试形式与传统考题完形填空相同。,选词填空，当然是考词汇。但较之以往专门词汇题,选词填空是对词汇更完全更高层次考查；因为它所考查，是在篇章中对词汇把握。,考评主要目标是检验考生,在上下文中,猜测词义,能力,以及,单词,词性识别,能力,。,碰到生词怎么办？时间不够怎么办？考前训练时注意培养以上两种能力，考试时加以利用，会大大提升答中率。,第5页,年,6,月,24,日新四级考试真题,EI Nino is the name given to the mysterious and often unpredictable change in the climate of the world.This strange,47,happens every five to eight years.It starts in the pacific Ocean and is thought to be caused by a failure in the,trade winds,(信风),which affects the ocean currents driven by these winds.As the trade winds lessen in,48,the ocean temperatures rise,causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5（degrees centigrade）.,第6页,The warning of the ocean has far-reaching effects.The hot,humid(潮湿)air over the ocean causes severe,49,thunderstorms.The rainfall is increased across South America,50,floods to Peru.In the West Pacific,there are droughts affecting Australia and Indonesia.So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods,other parts face drought,poor crops and,51,.,第7页,EI Nino usually lasts for about 18 months.The 1982-83 EI Nino brought the most,52,weather in modern history.Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds,53,of damage.The 1990 EI Nino lasted until June 1995.Scientists,54,this,to be,the longest EI Nino for 2,000 years.,Nowadays,weather experts are able to forecast when an,EI Nino will,55,but they are still not,56,sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.,第8页,其选项以下,：,A)estimate；B)strength；,C)deliberately；D)notify；,E)tropical；F)phenomenon；,G)stable；H)attraction；,I)completely；J)destructive；,K)starvation；L)bringing；,M)exhaustion；N)worth；,O)strike,第9页,解题方法,一、辨析词性,把十五个选项按词性分别归入名词、动词、形容词、副词等类别。,纵观样题和真题，我们知道15个词汇都属于最主要四类实词。我们要学会每种词汇基本,搭配和基本使用方法,。,辨性要注意下面几点。,第10页,1,.碰到动词进行二次分类,：确定时态，确定是第三人称单数还是非第三人称单数；但应注意动词+ed型有两种可能性，动词或形容词；碰到名词要确定单数还是复数。,2,不认识单词，看后缀。,构词法中，前缀表明意思，后缀表明词性。所以看一个词后缀，往往能大致分出词性。请参考附件“,英语后缀,”。,3词性一时无法确定，暂时搁置，无须纠缠，影响全局。,4,作出对应标识,。可直接用自己最清楚符号清楚标在每个词前后。不清楚都标问号。,第11页,以真题为例辨词性,A)estim,ate,；B)streng,th,；,C)deliberate,ly,；D)noti,fy,；,E)tropi,cal,；F)phenomenon；,G)st,able,；H)attrac,tion,；,I)complete,ly,；J)destruc,tive,；,K)starva,tion,；L)bring,ing,；,M)exhaus,tion,；N)wor,th,；,O)stri,ke,第12页,名词：B,F,H,K,M（B后缀th,H、K、Mtion都是名词后缀）,谓语动词：A,D,O（A-ate极可能是动词，D-fy为动词后缀）,非谓语动词：L（-ing结尾）,形容词：E,G,J（E-cal,Gable,Jtive是形容词后缀）,副词：C和I（ly加在形容词后为副词后缀）,注意：即使从没见过，也想方法看能否判断其词性，词性质有时比词义还主要。词性质并不总是固定，有些不认识或无法确定，如N)worth(adj./n.)，可先搁置，不要过分纠缠。,第13页,二、综合解题,将选项分类之后，就得从文章中来寻找对应线索了。选项与文章匹配原因有两个，第一是,词性,，第二是,词义,。所以在读文章时，要经过各种伎俩来确定空格词性与意义。,（一）确定词性，确定选项选择范围,1）关于,动词,判断,前后都是,名词短语，中间是动词,。,依据一句（包含从句）有且只有一个谓动标准，其它地方如无谓语动词，则需要谓语动词；反之则不需要谓语动词。,第14页,Nowadays,weather experts are able to forecast when an El Nino,will,55,but.(will后面必定是原形动词，一起组成谓语),55.O strike,Scientists,54,this to be the longest El Nino for 2,000 years.（此句后只有一个to be，是非谓语动词，故空格必为谓语动词；且空格前后均为名词性，也基本确定它是动词。）,54.A estimate,一个完整句子之后再跟逗号，后面普通是非谓语动词短语。,The rainfall is increased across South America,50,floods to Peru.（前面是一个完整句子，逗号后跟，普通是非谓语动词短语。此题选项中非谓语动词只有一个，故直选之。）,50.L bringing,第15页,名词或代词后必用动词,The students/They _ the homework,and have a good rest.,第16页,名词或代词_ 副词,The kind of volcano _break out_ dramatically.,第17页,to /will/情态动词/介词 _,As the trade winds lessen in,48,the ocean temperatures rise,causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.,（在介词in后面，当为名词无疑，此处整个短语来修饰lessen降低，当为在某个方面降低。）,48.B strength,第18页,2)确定空格为名词,（1）a/an/the,n.,adj.,n.,vt.,n.,（2）,n.,v.,（3）prep.,N/doing.,第19页,真题重现,This strange,47,happens every five to eight years.（这个/种奇怪？，当然要一个名词了）,47.F phenomenon,The hot,humid(潮湿)air over the ocean causes severe,49,thunderstorms.（严重？风暴，可能是形容词，也可能是名词）,49.E tropical,El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months.The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most,52,weather in modern history.（前面是最高级修饰语，自然是形容词。）,52.J destructive,第20页,3)确定空格为形容词,（1）,adj.,n.或n.,adj.,即空格处前面或者后面为名词，空格处应填入形容词；,（2）adv.,adj.,即空格处前面是副词，空格处应填入形容词；,（3）link/be v.,adj.,即空格处前面是系动词或be动词，空格处应填入形容词作表语。,第21页,4)确定空格为副词,（1）,adv.,v.或v.,adv.,即空格处前面或者后面为动词，空格处应填入副词；,（2）adv.,adj.,即空格处后面是形容词，空格处应填入副词。,第22页,副词,修饰,形容词或动词,but they are still not,56,sure what leads to it or what affects how strong it will be.（修饰形容词sure,当为副词）,56.I completely,谓语动词前有名词主语,This strange,47,happens every five to eight years.（happens是谓语动词，也可知前面为名词短语，缺一个关键名词。）,47.F phenomenon,第23页,（二）句里句外，猜测词义,一看搭配：,主谓宾、主系表,与修饰 词直接搭配关系决定着词意义。所以先看它被谁修饰，与谁形成主谓宾关系。看一个关系不行就看另一个，灵活处之。,This strange,47,happens every five to eight years.,strange修饰47，可能看不出来是什么，再看47与happen形成主谓关系，能够发生是什么？最好当然是现象。,47.F phenomenon,第24页,二看逻辑：,1句内(状语从句，解释，并列等),As the trade winds lessen in,48,the ocean temperatures rise,causing the Peru current flowing in from the east to warm up by as much as 5 C.,此句有一个状语从句，as表示时间或因果关系，是主要解题线索。风什么降低，温度就上升，当然是风速度或风力。,48.B strength,So while some parts of the world prepare for heavy rains and floods,other parts face drought,poor crops and,51,.,空格与前面两个名词并列，意味着意思相近。与干旱、收成不好一致，很轻易选出starvation饥荒.,51.K starvation,第25页,2前文（指代等、句间连词）,This strange,47,happens every five to eight years.,This告诉我们，此处是重提前面讲到过某个东西。前面讲到过关键概念就是El Nino,无疑是一个天气“现象”。,47.F phenomenon,表示可从前文找对应线索有两类。,与this一大类还有：This/these/such;the same/similar;worse/better/more/less等。,还有就是表示逻辑关系句间连词，或者叫连接副词。主要以下。,递进：Moreover/furthermore/whatmore/besides/in addition/even/also,转折：however/but/rather/instead,因果：therefore/consequently/accordingly/thus/hence,第26页,3后文,El Nino usually lasts for about 18 months.The 1981-83 El Nino brought the most,52,weather in modern history.Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds,53,of damage.,段落开始部分，提出一个总概括性说法。往往在下文有分述。El Nino终究带来是什么样天气，后面一句就交代得十分清楚52.J destructive,(,dead,damage),第27页,三看习惯使用方法：固定搭配,Its effect was worldwide and it left more than 2,000 people dead and caused over eight billion pounds,53,of damage.,53.N worth,此处考是worth这个词特殊使用方法。它本是一个形容词，但可用worth of sth,来表明价值某物某东西。,e.g.The fire caused,thousands of pounds worth,of,damage.,第28页,三、带项检验,带入已选答案，重新通读文章以查对其是否逻辑语意正确。,第29页,总结,选择填空考是,猜测词义,能力，其关键在于经过各种线索来确定,词性,和意义，从而实现成功匹配。解题方法也对应产生。,先经过词,后缀,等对选项进行合理分类，分不出可先含糊处理。,再经过文章逐一确定空格所需要词性和意义。它需要看句子中此词所处位置，它周围环境。,有时甚至需要跳出此句，看前文或后文。如指代词/句间连词告诉我们要向前寻找；而段首抽象表示可能要从下文找到钥匙。,第30页,1.名词后缀,1),-or/er/ess/crat/cis,:,做某件事情或职业人或物：worker,debtor,2),-acy,表示性质，状态，境遇 democracy,accuracy,diplomacy,3),-ance,-ence,表示性质，情况，行为，过程，总量，程度”importance,diligence,difference,obedience,4),-ancy,-ency,表示性质，状态，行为，过程 frequency,urgency,efficiency,5),-bility,表示动作，性质，状态 possibility,flexibility,feasibility,6),-dom,表示“等级，领域，状态”freedom,kingdom,wisdom,7),age,:,package，shortage，marriage,8),ant,:,assistant，accountant，inhabitant,第31页,9),-hood,表示资格，身份,年纪，状态 childhood,manhood,falsehood,10),-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示行为过程，结果，情况 action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction,11),-ism,表示制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为 socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism,12),-ty,表示性质，状态，程度”purity,reality,ability,loyalty，identity,13),-ment,表示行为，状态，过程，伎俩及其结果 treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument,14),-ness,表示性质，状态，程度 goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness,15),cy,:,bankruptcy，literacy，democracy,第32页,16),-ship,表示情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业”hardship,membership,friendship,17),-th,表示动作，性质，过程状态 depth,wealth,truth,length,growth,18),-tude,表示性质，状态，程度 latitude,altitude(海拔),19),-ure,表示行为，结果 exposure,pressure,failure,procedure(手续),20),-grapy,表示学，写法”biography,calligraphy,geography,21),-ic,ics,表示学法 logic,mechanics,electronics,linguistics,22),-ology,表示学论”biology,zoology,technology(工艺学),23),-nomy,表示学术 astronomy,economy,bionomy(生态学),第33页,2.形容词后缀,带有“属性，倾向，相关”含义,1),-able,-ible,:visible,flexible,2),名词-ish,:foolish,bookish,selfish,(注意accomplish,vanish),3),ive,:active,sensitive,productive,4),like,:manlike,childlike,5),名词-ly,:manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly,6),ory,:,satisfactory，illusory,7),ic,realistic，specific，poetic，energetic,8),ical,:,physical，classical，economical,第34页,9),some,:troublesome,handsome,10),ful,:beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful,11),ous,:dangerous,generous,courageous,12),ent,:violent,13),most,:foremost,topmost,14),-less,:表示否定，countless,stainless,wireless,15),al,:,personal，internal，critical，accidental，,16),ary,:,necessary，primary，secondary,17),ious,:,religious，furious，precious,18),y,:,dirty，healthy，rainy，thirsty，sunny,第35页,3.动词后缀,1),-ize,ise,表示做成，变成，化“:modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize,2),-en,表示使成为，引发，使有”:quicken,weaken,soften,harden,3),-fy,表示“使化,使成”:beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify,4),-ate,表示“成为，处理，作用”:separate,operate,indicate,第36页,4.副词后缀,(形容词)-ly,：badbadly严重地/恶劣地，carefulcarefully小心地,-wise,：clockclockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向(地);likelikewise一样地,-ward(s),：outoutwards向外面地，northnorthwards向北方地,第37页,Thank you!,第38页,