职称英语考试理工B级真题及答案.docx

职称英语考试（理工B级）真题及答案
第1部分：词汇选项（第1——15题，每小题1分，共15分）
下面每个句子中都有1个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为靠近选项。
1. The revelationof his past led to his resignation.
A. imagination B. disclosureC. confirmation D.recall
答案为B. revelation(揭露) – disclosure(揭露)
2. Jensenis a dangerous man, and can be very brutal.
A. careless B. cruelC. strong D.hard
答案为B. brutal(残忍) – cruel
3. You’llhave to sprint if you want to catch the train.
A. jump B.escapeC. run D.prepare
答案为C. sprint (快速奔跑) – run(奔跑)
4. We areworried about this fluid situation full with uncertainty.
A. changeable B. stableC. suitable D.adaptable
答案为A. fluid(不稳定) – changeable (易变)
5. Thenew garment fits her perfectly.
A. haircut B.purseC. clothes D.necklace
答案为C. garment(衣服) – clothes(衣服)
6. Thephobia may have its root in a childhood trauma.
A. fear B.joyC. hurt D.memory
答案为C. trauma(精神上创伤) – hurt (感情上难过或痛苦)
7. Theyhave to build canals to irrigate the desert.
A. decorate B. waterC. change D.visit
答案为B. irrigate(浇灌) – water(给…浇水)
8. Heroverall language proficiency remains that of a toddler.
A. disabled B.pupilC. teenager D. baby
答案为D. toddler(学步儿童) – baby (婴儿)
9. Thecoastal area has very mild winter, but the central plains remainextremely cold.
A. warm B.severeC. hard D.dry
答案为A. mild(温暖) – warm(温暖)
10. Thedetails of the costume were totally authentic.
A. real B. outstandingC. creative D. false
答案为A. authentic(逼真) – real (逼真)
11. Weare aware of the potential problems.
A. global B. possibleC. ongoing D.central
答案为B. potential(可能)- possible(可能)
12. Theidea was quite brilliant.
A. positive B. clever
C. key D. original
答案为B. brilliant(绝妙) – clever (聪明)
13. Stockmarket price tumbled after rumor of a rise in interest rate.
A. regulated B. increasedC. maintained D. fell
答案为C. tumbled(暴跌) –fell(下降)
14. Thecourse gives you basic instructions in car maintenance.
A. coaching B. ideaC. term D. aspect
答案为A. instructions (指导说明)—coaching（教诲）
15. Allhouses within 100 metres of the seas at risk of flooding.
A. in danger B. out of controlC. between equals D. in particular
答案为A indanger of （处于危险中）— at risk of （处于风险中）
第2部分：阅读判断（第16——22题，每小题1分，共7分）
下面短文后列出了7个句子，请依照短文内容对每个句子做出判断；假如该句提供是正确信息，请选择A；假如该句提供是错误信息，请选择B；假如该句信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
The Theory of Everything
If Stephen Hawking lives until the year, he will have lived more than 50 years longer than Ns doctors expected. When he was a college student, doctors discovered that he had arare disease. This disease causes a gradual disintegration(分解)of the nerve cells in the braincells that regulate voluntary muscle activity. Death almost always occurswithin two or three years.
Today Stephen Hawking cannot walk or speak.He cannot move his arms or his head. He can not taste of smell anything. Andyet this man is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University, a positionheld by the famous scientist Isaac Newton in 1669.
Hawking Is often described as the greatestscientist since Albert Einstein, but to the world outside science. He isalso known as the man who made scientific theory understandable. His book, A Brief History of Time, has sold overeight million copies.
He says that since he does not have tothink about his body or do any of the things other men have to worry about,such as washing the car or working in the yard, he can dedicate all of his timeto thinking. This puts him in the perfect positionto find the answer to the question that he has dedicated his life to. Hisquestion is: Is there a complete theory of the universe and everything in it?
Despite his tremendous physicaldisabilities, he has already made some very important discoveries about theorigin of the universe, how the universe holds together, and how it willprobably end. He has also been able to explain the secrets of “black holes”inspace. Now he is looking for a set of rules that everything in our universemust obey. He calls it the Theory of Everything. He thinks that someone willhave found the answer within the next 20 years.
If Stephen Hawking it able to find hisTheory of Everything, he will have given the world the opportunity tounderstand things that will change the whole nature of science and probablyalso the way we live.
16. StephenHawking will be 50 years old by .
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案为B;
17. StephenHawking suffers from a rare brain disease.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案为B;
18. StephenHawking is Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge University.
A.Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案为A；
19. A Brief History of Time is verydifficult for students to understand.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案为B;
20. StephenHawking has much time to think because he doesn't have to work.
A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案为B;
21. StephenHawking has spent around ten years explaining the secrets of……….
A. Right B.Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案为： C.
22. TheTheory of Everything Is about the rules that everything in our……… follow.
A.Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned
答案为A。
第3部分：概括大意与完成句子
Geothermal(地热) Energy
1 Since heat naturally moves from hotter regionsto cooler ones, the heat from the earth's center flows outwards towards thesurface. In this way. it transfers to the next layer of rock. If thetemperature is high enough, some of this rock melts and forms magma (岩浆). The magma ascends in its turn towards theearth's surface. It often remains wen below the earth s surface, creating vastareas of hot rock. In such regions, there are deep cracks, which allowrainwater to descend underground. Some of the heated rainwater travels back upto the earth's surface where it will appear as a hot spring. However, ifthis ascending hot water reaches a layer of impermeable (不可渗透 ）rock, it remains trapped, forming a geothermal reservoir. If geothermal reservoirs are closeenough to the surface, they can be reached by drilling wells. Hot water andsteam shoot up the wells naturally, and can be used to produce electricity ingeothermal power plants.
2 A few geothermal power plants depend ondry-steam reservoirs which produce steam but little or no water. In thesecases, the steam is piped up directly to provide the power to spin a turbinegenerator. The first geothermal power plant, constructed at Lardarello inItaly, was of this type, and is still producing electricity today.
3 Most currently operating geothermal powerplants are either "flash" steam plants or binary (双重) plants. Flash plants produce mainly hotwater ranging in temperature from 300℃ to 700℃ Fahrenheit. This water is passed through one or two separatorswhere released from the pressure of the underground reservoir, itHashes" or boils into steam Again, the force of this steam provides theenergy to spin the turbine and produce electricity. The geothermal water andsteam are then reinjected directly back down into the earth to maintain the volumeand pressure of the reservoir. Gradually they will be reheated and can then beused again.
4 A reservoir with temperatures below 300℃ Fahrenheit is not hot enough to flash seam but it can still be used togenerate electricity in a binary fluid. The steam from this(参考图片) isused to power the turbines. As in the flash steam plant, the geothermal water is recycled backinto the reservoir.
23.Paragraph 1_____C____
24.Paragraph 2____A_____
25.Paragraph 3____E_____
26.Paragraph 4____B_____
A. Dry steam plants
B. Binary plants
C. Origin of geothermal energy
D. Generation of electricity
E. Flash steam plants
F. Recyclable water and steam
27. A geothermal reservoir is formed when hotwater is trapped under__B____.
28. A dry-steam reservoir produces steam with___D___.
29. Flash plants produce hot water through___C___.
30. In a binary plant, the heat of the geothermalwater can be converted into__A____.
A. the energy to turn a turbine
B. impermeable rock
C. one or two separators
D turbine operator
E. little or no water
F. hot springs
第4部分：阅读了解（第31——45题，每小题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请依照短文内容，为每小题确定1个最好选项。
第一篇　　Smart Windows
Windows not only let light in to cut downon electricity use for lighting, but thelight coming through the window also provides heat. However, windows are notsomething people typically associate with an advanced technology. Reseachersare now working on new technologies that enable a window to quickly change fromclear to dark and anything in between easily.
“It took us a long time to figure out whata window really is,”says Claes Granqvist. He’s a professor of solid-statephysics at Uppsala University in Sweden. “It contact with the outside world.You have to have visual contact with the surrounding world to feel well.” So,windows and natural light are important for improving the way people feel whenthey’re stuck indoors
Yet. windows are the weak link in abuilding when it comes to energy and temperature control. In winter cold airleaks in. When it’s hot and sunny, sunlight streams in. All of this sunlightcarries lots of heat and energy. And all of this extra heat forces people toturn on their conditioners. Producing blasts of cold air which can feel so refreshing(使人清新)，actually sucks up enormous amountsof electricity in buildings around the world.
Windows have been a major focus of energyresearch for a long time. Over the years, scientists have come up with a varietyof strategies for coating, glazing (用玻覆盖)，and layeringwindows to make them more energy efficient. Smart windows go a step further.They use chromogenic (发色）technologies which involve changes of color.
Electrochromic (电致色）windows use electricity tochange color. For example, a sheet of glass coated with thin layers of chemicalcompound such as tungsten oxide (氧化钨)works a bit like a batter. Tungsten oxides is clear when anelectric charge is applied and dark when the charge is removed, that is, whenthe amount of voltage(电压)is decreased, the window darkens until it’s completely dark afterall electricity is taken away. So applying a voltage determines whether thewindow looks clear or dark.
One important feature that makes a smartwindow so smart is that it has a sort of“memory”. All it takes is a small changeof voltage to turn the window from one state to the other. Then, it stays thatway. Transits take anywhere from in10 seconds to a few minutes, depending onthe size of the window. The development of smart windows could mean thatmassive air conditioning systems may no longer be needed. “In thefuture,”Granqvist says, “our buildings may look different.”
31. Which of the following of values ofwindows is NOT mentioned?
A. Theylet light in to brighten the house.
B. Theylet light in to heat the house.
C. Theylet us have visual contact with the surrounding world.
D. They let us think about the outside world.
答案：D
32. The expression “when it comes to “ inParagraph 3 is used to
A. signalthe arrival of a guest.
B. indicatethe recovery of consciousness.
C. show our understanding of something.
D. introduce a new aspect of a topic.
答案：D
33. According to Paragraph 4, smart windowsare the windows that
A. are coated.
B. are glazed.
C. have several layers.
D.can change color.
答案：D
34. Whichparagraph gives an account of the way electrochromic windows……
A. Paragraphs 5.
B. Paragraph3.
C. Paragraph4.
D. Paragraphs6.
答案：A
35. Asmart window is smart mainly because
A. itcan change its size.
B. itcan change its structure.
C. itcan change the voltage of electricity.
D. it has a sort of memory.
答案：D
第二篇　　Sports Star Yao Ming
If YaoMing is not the biggest sports star in the world, he almost certainly thetallest. At 2.26m, he is the tallest player in the National BasketballAssociation (NBA) and holds the record as the most towering Olympian ever to competein the Game.
But whatreally stands out about the giant center is his celebrity (名气). Few, if any, Chinese athletesare as well-known as Yao Ming around the world. People across the globe arefascinated with Yao, not only for his basketball prowess(接出色才能)but also for being a symbolof international commerce.
When Yaojoined the Houston Rockets as the No. 1 pick in the NBA draft he was thefirst international player ever to be selected first. His assets on the courtare clear enough 一 no NBA playerof his size has ever possessed his mobility, so he is a handful (难对付人）for opponents on either end ofthe court. But what makes Yao invaluable to the Rockets organization is hisrole as a global citizen and as a bridge to millions of potential basketballfans in China.
When itwas announced in February that Yao would miss the rest of the NBA season andpossibly the Olympics with a stress fracture (骨折）in his left foot, a collective shudder spread across China. Afterconsiderable debate and discussion, Yao opted to get his foot surgicallytreated in an operation that placed several tiny screws across the bone, tooffer his overburdened foot more support. The surgery was a success, and thoughthe estimated four-month recovery period will leave him little time to preparewith Team China. Yao has vowed to be ready for the Beijing Olympics.
Yaowrapped up a 10-day trip to China, where he underwent a series of traditionalChinese medicine (TCM) treatments, hoping to accelerate his recovery process.Western experts are generally skeptical of TCM’s benefits, although newresearch from the University of Rochester suggests that a certain compoundderived from shellfish may indeed stimulate bone repair.
“Thereis no reason to dismiss TCM, “ Yao told a press conference in Beijing. “It’sbeen used in our country for thousands of years. I don’t think that it’s shorton science.”
36. Theword“towering”in Paragraph 1 means
A. large.
B. fat.
C. tall.
D. great.
答案：C
37. Opponentsfind it very difficult to control Yao Ming because of his
A. mobility.
B. assault.
C. defense.
D. celebrity.
答案：A
38. YaoMing had to undergo a series of TCM treatments because
A. hisright foot had been hurting.
B. he wanted to make a more rapid recovery.
C. thesurgical operation had been a failure.
D. hecouldn't afford all the medical expenses.
答案：B
39. Whichstatement about Yao Ming is NOT true?
A. He missed the Athens Olympics.
B. Heis an NBA player.
C. Hefractured his left foot.
D. Heis an international figure.
答案：A
40. Ingeneral, the Western experts' attitude towards TCM is
A. indifferent.
B. positive.
C. negative.
D. doubtful.
答案：D
第三篇　　Can You Hear This?
When something creates a sound wave in a room or anauditorium, listeners hear the sound wave directly from the source. They alsohear the reflections as the sound bounces off thewalls. floor, and ceiling. These are called the reflected wave or reverberant(反射)sound, which can be heard evenafter the sound is no longer coming from the source.
The reverberation time of an auditorium isdetermined by the volume or interior size of the auditorium. It is alsodetermined by how well or how poorly the walls, ceiling, floor, and contents ofthe room (including the people) absorb sound. There is no ideal reverberation time,because each use of an auditorium calls for different reverberation. Speechneeds