2023年六月英语六级真题及听力解析.docx

２０２３年英语六级真题
PａｒtＩ　Wｒｉtinｇ （ 3０minuｔes）
1.Dirｅctions：　For　ｔhis　parｔ， ｙoｕ aｒｅ　ａlｌowed 30 ｍinutes　ｔo ｗrite ａn ｅssａy ｅｘｐｌaining why iｔ is　unwise to puｔ all　ｙour ｅgｇs iｎ one basket.　You can giｖe exampleｓ ｔo illustratｅ your ｐｏint .You　ｓｈoｕld wｒitｅ at lｅast　１50 ｗorｄs ｂｕｔ nｏ　ｍore thａn 200 wｏrds.
Or ２.Ｄireｃtions: For ｔhiｓ ｐａrt,　ｙou ａre alｌoｗed　3０ miｎuｔｅs to wｒｉte an　ｅsｓａy　exｐlaiｎing whｙ ｉt　is ｕnwｉｓe　a pｅｒson　by　tｈeir ａppearanｃｅ．　Ｙou ｃan　givｅ eｘamples　ｔｏ iｌlｕｓtｒaｔe　youｒ poinｔ　.You shoulｄ write　aｔ leａｓt　150 words but no　ｍore tｈaｎ　20０　woｒds.
Ｏr3.Ｄirectｉons: For this ｐart, you aｒe ａllｏwed 30 miｎuｔes　tｏ ｗritｅ an　eｓsａy ｅxｐlainiｎg whｙ　iｔ is ｕnwise to jumｐ ｔo conclusions ｕpoｎ seeｉｎg oｒ hearing sometｈｉng. You ｃan give eｘaｍplｅｓ ｔｏ illｕｓtraｔe your ｐoint .You should wriｔe at　ｌeａst １50 woｒds ｂuｔ ｎo more thaｎ 200 wordｓ.　Pａｒt Ⅱ Lｉsteｎing Coｍpreｈeｎsｉon　(30 mｉnuｔｅs)
Ｓectｉon A
Dｉｒections:Ｉn　this section,yｏu will ｈｅar　8 short　ｃonｖersatｉons anｄ 2 ｌong cｏnveｒsatiｏｎs.Aｔ ｔhｅ end of ｅach convｅrsatiｏn， one or morｅ　qｕestions　will bｅ　ａｓｋed aｂｏut wｈat was saｉd.Bｏｔｈ the cｏnversation　and tｈe quesｔｉonｓ　wｉll be　spoken oｎｌｙ　oncｅ.After eaｃｈ queｓtion　there　will　be a　ｐauｓe.Dｕｒinｇ ｔhe　pause,you　ｍｕst read ｔｈｅ four choiceｓ ｍarked　A),B)，C)and D)，ａｎｄ deciｄe whｉｃh ｉs the beｓt ａnswｅr.Then mark thｅ　corrｅspondｉng letter　on Anｓｗer Shｅet1 wｉｔh　a sｉngle　line thrｏugh　ｔｈe　ｃeｎtre.
注意：此部分试题请在答题卡１上作答。
1.A)Theｙ miｇht be　stolen goods
B)They miｇht be ｆａｋe prodｕcｔs　
C)Theｙ　ｍight　ｂｅ ｆaulty products
D)Thｅy ｍight be sｍuｇgｌed　ｇｏoｄ

2．A）Tｈｅy aｒe　ciｖil sｅｒvantｓ　
B)They　aｒe　joｂ ａｐpliｃａｎts
C)Thｅｙ arｅ　ｎｅws　repｏｒterｓ
D)Thｅｙ are　pubｌic speａkｅrs

3．A)Tｈe man　haｓ　decｉｄed to quit　ｈiｓ　coｍｐuｔer ｃlａss
B)The woman　ｗａntｓ tｏ get a ｄｅgｒee ｉｎ　administｒaｔion
Ｃ)Ａ ｃomputer dｅgrｅe is a mｕst　ｆｏｒ　administratｉｖe wｏrk
D）Thｅ ｍan went　to ｃｈａnge thｅ timｅ of　ｈiｓ ｃompｕter ｃlass

4.A)A lot of contｅsｔaｎtｓ particiｐated in　thｅ　ｓhｏw　
B）Thｅ fifｔh　contestant wｏn the ｂiggest prize
C）It ｗas not as exciting ａs hｅ　ｈad expeｃted
D)Iｔ was　ｓpｏnｓｏreｄ ｂy a ｃar ｍanufacｔurer

5.A)Rｅading a neｗｓpａper coluｍn
Ｂ）Ｌookinｇ at a ｒaiｌｗａy timｅtable　
C)Ｄrivinｇ　forｍ Nｅw　York to Boｓtｏn
D)Waiｔinｇ fｏｒ someoｎe at　ｔhｅ airporｔ

６．A)He weaｒs ａ　ｃoaｔ bouｇｈt iｎ　tｈe ｍａll　
B)Ｈe　ｇot a nｅw　ｊｏb at　ｔｈe barbeｒshop
C)He　ｈad a fingeｒ ｈurt last night
Ｄ)Ｈe　had ｈis ｈair cut ｙｅｓtｅrday

7．A)Ｈe　canｎot apprｅciate the Picａsso exhｉbitｉｏn
Ｂ)Even　ｈiｓ nephew ｃａｎ　dｒaw as welｌ as Piｃasso
C)Hｅ is not ｑuitｅ imprｅｓsed ｗitｈ mｏdeｒn　paintｉnｇs
Ｄ)Some ｄraｗｉｎgｓ by kindergａrten ｋｉｄs are　exｃeｌlｅnt

8．A)He sｈould not put the caｒt　ｂeforｅ　the ｈｏrse
B）Hｉs　coｎduｃt　does　noｔ squａｒｅ　with ｈｉｓ ｗordｓ
Ｃ)Ｈis attitude　to　studenｔ ｇovernmeｎt hａs changed
D）He haｓ ｌong ｂeen ｉnvoｌved iｎ ｓtudent ｇoverｎmｅnt

Ｑｕeｓｔiｏns ９ ｔo 1１ ａｒe ｂａsed　ｏn　tｈｅ cｏnveｒsatｉｏn you　hａve jusｔ ｈeａrd
９.A)Ｓhe　left　heｒ ｏwn ｃaｒ in Mａnchestｅr
B）Soｍｅthing went　wrong with heｒ ｃaｒ
C)Shｅ　wanｔs tｏ ｇｏ trａｖelｉng on the ｗeｅkend
Ｄ)Hｅｒ ｃar won,ｔ ｂｅ　ｂack iｎ a　weeｋ，s time

10.A)Sａfｅty
B)Size
C）Cｏmfｏｒt
D)Ｃoｓt

1１．A)Third－pａｒty　ｉｎsurａｎce
B)Valｕｅ-adｄed ｔａx
C)Petrol
D)CDW

Quｅｓtions 12 ｔｏ　15 are bａseｄ　on the cｏnversation ｙou hａvｅ ｊust　ｈeard
１２.Ａ)How　to update　ｔhe　basic facilitieｓ
B）Ｗhａt ｔo ｄo to enｈaｎce ｔｈeｉr ｐｏｓitiｏｎ
C)Whｅre to locaｔe　tｈeir plａnt
D)Hｏw to ａttrａｃｔ inｖｅstｍenｔｓ

13.A)Ｔｈeiｒ roａｄ lｉｎk　to otｈｅr Eｕrｏpeａn couｎtｒies ｉs ｆaｓｔ
Ｂ)Tｈey　are all ｌｏcateｄ in the south　of Ｆraｎｃe　
C)Ｔhｅy ａrｅ very cｌoｓe to each other
Ｄ)Ｔheir baｓic fａciｌｉｔiｅｓ aｒｅ　ｇｏod

１４.A）Try　to avoiｄ maｋing a hａstｙ　decｉｓion　
Ｂ)Takｅ adｖantage oｆ the　ｔrain linkｓ
Ｃ）Ｔａｌk with the ｌocａl aｕｔｈoｒiｔies
Ｄ)Ｃｏnduct　fiｅld surｖeys fiｒst

1５．A)Futｕｒｅ ｐroｄｕct distriｂｕtｉon　
Ｂ）Local emｐｌoymenｔ ｐｏlｉciｅs
Ｃ)Road and raｉl links　ｆｏr smａll　ｔoｗｎs
D)Sｋillｅｄ　workforｃe in thｅ hｉlｌy region

Sｅctｉon B
Direｃtｉoｎｓ:In tｈiｓ sｅｃｔｉｏn,ｙou ｗill heａr 3 sｈｏｒt ｐassages..At tｈe end　of ｅaｃh passage, yoｕ　wｉll　ｈear　some qｕｅstiｏns.Both thｅ passaｇe　and tｈe　questioｎｓ　will ｂe spokeｎ oｎly ｏnce.After yｏu hear a　qｕｅstion，you ｍust choose the beｓt answer　froｍ ｔｈｅ four cｈoices marked A）,Ｂ)，C)anｄ D).Then　ｍark ｔhe coｒresponding　letｔｅr on Aｎswｅr Sheｅt 1　witｈ　a ｓinglｅ lｉｎｅ tｈrｏｕgh ｔhｅ centrｅ.
注意:此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。

Passａge ｏnｅ　
Queｓtioｎs 16 tｏ １8 ａre ｂaｓed　on　tｈe passａｇｅ　you ｈave jｕst haａｒd.
16.A)Oｎe fifth of them wｅre oｎ baｄ ｔeｒｍs with theｉr　sistｅｒs and broithers.
B)Ａｂouｔ oｎｅ　eigｈth ｏf ｔhem ａdｍiｔted　ｔo lingerｉng ｂitter feｅlｉngｓ.
Ｃ）Ｍｏre tｈan ｈaｌｆ oｆ　ｔheｍ　werｅ invｏｌved in　inherｉｔancｅ disputｅs.
D）Most ｏf thｅｍ ｈaｄ broken witｈ ｔheｉr ｓｉsters aｎd ｂｒothｅrs.

17.A）Less cｏncｅrn with monｅｙ ｍatteｒs.
B）More　ｅxperｉｅｎｃｅ　iｎ woｒldlｙ affairs.
Ｃ)Adｖanｃe in　age.
Ｄ)Fｒｅeｄom　frｏm ｗｏｒk．

１8．A)Ｔhey have　little time lefｔ to reｎew　conｔａct wiｔh thｅir　brotｈeｒs and ｓiｓtｅrs．
B)Thｅy　tenｄ to　forｇeｔ　pasｔ　ｕnhappy ｍｅmories anｄ　foｃus　on　ｔheｉr pｒesenｔ neｅdｓ　．
C）They are ｍore ｔｏleｒａｎｔ　of　ｏne ａnoｔhｅr．
Ｄ)They finｄ ｃlose rｅｌaｔives ｍorｅ　reliablｅ.

Passage Tｗo
Ｑuesｔiｏｎs　19　to　22 are　ｂaｓｅd on the　ｐaｓsaｇe ｙｏｕ hａvｅ just　heａrd．
19.A)Tｈey　have brighｔ colｏrs aｎd iｎtricate　pａtterｎｓ.
Ｂ)They　can only ｓurvive in paｒts oｆ　the Ａmericａs.
D)Tｈey haｖe sｔroｎg　wingｓ caｐａbｌe　of fｌying long distanｃes.

２０.A)In a Ｍichigaｎ mountａiｎ　fｏreｓt.
B)In ａ　Louisｉana ｍｏuｎｔaｉn foｒesｔ.　
C)Iｎ a　Ｋenｔucｋy mountain fｏrｅst．
D)Iｎ　aMexｉcan　mouｎtaｉn　foresｔ.

21.A)Ｅａcｈ flock ｏｆ bｕｔterflies ｌａyｓ　eggs　iｎ the sａｍe　states.
B)Tｈey ｓtart　to　lay eggs　when they ａre　ｎine mｏnｔｈs old.
C）Ｅaｃh ｇeｎeｒatioｎ in a cycｌe laｙs ｅgｇs at ａ different plａｃｅ.
D)Ｏｎlｙ tｈe stｒｏｎgest ｃａn reａcｈ ｔｈｅir dｅstination to ｌaｙ eggｓ．

2２.Ａ)Evｏlution　of ｍonarch　butterflies.
Ｂ)Livinｇ　habits of monａrch　ｂｕtterflｉes．
C)Mｉｇrａｔion patteｒnｓ ｏf mｏｎarｃｈ　ｂｕｔｔerfliｅs.
D)Enｖiroｎmeｎtal impaｃｔs on moｎarch butterflｙ ｌｉfe．

Pａsｓaｇｅ　Tｈrｅｅ　
Ｑueｓｔioｎs 23 to 25　are　ｂaｓed on tｈe paｓｓａge you　habe jｕsｔ hｅaｒd．
23.A)Ｔime haｓ　bｅｃome ｍｏrｅ　liｍited
Ｂ)Ｔｉmｅ　ｈaｓ beｃome more pｒｅciｏｕs
C)Time iｓ　moｎey
D)Tｉme is reｌatｉｖe

２4.A)Americams　now atｔach more ｉmpｏrtaｎce　to thｅ efｆective use　of timｅ.
B)Americans　today haｖe　morｅ free ｔｉme than earliｅr ｇenerａｔiｏns
C)Tｈｅ numｂer　of hours Americanｓ work　hａs inｃｒeasｅd steａdily
D)More　and moｒe Amｅricans　feel prｅsｓｅd for tｉmｅ　nowａdａｙs

25.A)Ｏuｒ　interperｓoｎal reｌａtｉｏnships imprｏvｅ
B)Ｏｕr woｒk　efficiencｙ　ｉncｒeaｓes gｒeatly.
C)Ｏｕr livｉng haｂｉtｓ　are alterｅd
Ｄ)Our bｅhaｖior iｓ　chａnged

Secｔｉon Ｃ
Direcｔｉｏns： In this　sectioｎ,you wilｌ　hear　ａ pａssage tｈreｅ times.when thｅ passage isReａd for thｅ firｓt　time,you ｓhould listeｎ carefulｌy ｆoｒ iｔs generaｌ idｅａ.when thｅ paｓsage is ｒead fｏｒ　ｔhｅ ｓecond ｔｉme.you　ａre requirｅd tｏ ｆilｌ　ｔｈｅ ｂlanｋs　with thｅ eｘact worｄs you have jusｔ heard ,Finａlly，whｅn　ｔhｅ　pａｓsａge　is ｒｅad for ｔhe thirｄ ｔiｍe，you　ｓｈoulｄ　check what you ｈave　writteｎ．

　Tｈe ｆｉrsｔ　ｃopyright law in the　United　Staｔｅs was passed by　Cｏngrｅsｓ iｎ1７９0. .Iｎ1976 Coｎgress enａｃted thｅ lａｔest　ｃｏpyｒｉgｈt law, __(２6) __ the　technologｉcaｌ develｏpments tｈaｔ had oｃcurｒｅd sｉｎce the paｓｓａgｅ of the Coｐyｒighｔ Act　oｆ 1909．　For ｅxamｐle，iｎ 19０9，ａnyoｎe who wａnted ｔo ｍakｅ ａ　sinｇle　copy of　a　__(2７) __ wｏrｋ　for personal　ｕｓe ｈad to　do so by haｎd.Thｅ vｅrｙ prｏceｓｓ_＿(2８) __　a　lｉｍitation ｏn ｔｈe quａntｉty of materiaｌs copied. Todaｙ, a ｐhotｏcoｐier can dｏ ｔｈe　work　in　sｅcｏnds; thｅ ｌimitation　has diasppeareｄ. The １909 ｌaw ｄid not ｐｒovｉde ｆｕll prｏteｃtiｏn for ｆilms ａｎd suonｄ ｒecｏrｄing,ｎｏr ｄｉd it__(29） ＿_ the neeｄ to prｏｔeｃt radiｏ and ｔeｌeviｓioｎ. Ａs ａ ｒesｕlt,__(30) ＿＿ ｏf the　law ａnd abｕｅse oｆ the　intent oｆ ｔhe laｗ　hａve　leｓｓeｎed　thｅ__(３１) _＿ rewarｄs of ａｕthors，artises，and　producｅｒs.Ｔｈe 1９７６ Copyｒｉghｔ　Aｃt haｓ not　preveｎｔｅd these aｂuseｓ fｕｌlｙ, ｂｕｔ　it haｓ　ｃlarｉfied the ｌegaｌ ｒights of　ｔhe inｊｕreｄ paｒｔｉes and givｅn tｈem an＿_（32) __　ｆoｒ ｒemedy.
sinｃe １976 ｔhe Acｔ ｈas been__（3３) _＿ ｔo　iｎclued ｃｏmｐuter soｆｒwaｒｅ，aｎd　guｉｅｄlines havｅ beeｎ　adpoteｄ for ｆaｉr use of televisioｎ　brｏadcases．These ｃhangｅｓ have cleaｒed up ｍuch ｏf the　confusｉon ａnd ｃｏnflｉcｔ ｔｈat followed＿_(3４) __ ｔhe　1９７6　legisｌaｔion.
　 Ｔhｅ fine points ｏf the law aｒe deｃided by thｅ　courts aｎd by ａcｃｅptａblｅ　coｍmoｎ praｃticｅ ｏveｒ　tｉme．As　these dｅcisioｎs and agreemｅntｓ ａｒe maｄe,ｗe mｏdify our bｅhavioｒ accｏｒｄiｎｇlｙ.Ｆor now,we nｅｅd tｏ__(3５)　＿＿　thｅ law　ａnd its　guiｄeliｎes as ａccｕrａtely ａs　wｅ ｃan and to　acｔ iｎ ａ fair ｍanner．
Pａrt ＩII　Rdading Cｏmpｒehenｓiｏｎ (40ｍinｕｔes)
Sｅcｔion A　
Directiｏns：In ｔhiｓ ｓectｉoｎ, ｔｈere iｓ a passagｅ　with　ten blanks,Ｙou aｒe　requｉｒed　tｏ　selｅct One　wｏrｄ foｒ　ｅach blaｎｋ frｏm ａ ｌiｓt oｆ ｃhｏｉces ｇiｖｅｎ ｉn　ａ　word　bａnk　fｏlｌowing the　ｐａｓｓagｅ.
Rｅａd thｅ　pａssaｇｅ tｈroｕgｈ careｆuｌlｙ before ｍaｋiｎg yｏur cｈoiｃes. Each choice in　tｈe bａｍk　is　idenｔified bｙ　ａ lettｅr.Please mark tｈｅ ｃorｒeｓpoｎdinｇ letteｒ for eａch ｉｔｅm　on Answer Sheet 2　ｗitｈ　a single ｌine ｔｈrough the cenｔrｅ Ｙｏu mａy　nｏt uｓｅ ａny oｆ the woｒds　in ｔhe bank mｏre than once．
36-45:
　 Fｏr　invesｔｏrs who deｓire low risk ａｎd　ｇuaｒanｔeeｄ　inｃｏme,U．S. Goverｎment　ｂonds arｅ a　ｓecure iｎvestｍeｎt　beｃａuse these　bondｓ haｖe the　fiｎanｃｉaｌ backing　ａnｄ ｆulｌ faitｈ aｎd crediｔ of ｔhe　feｄeraｌ ｇovernmｅｎｔ.Munｉcｉpaｌ bonds,ａlsｏ secuｒe，are ｏffereｄ by local ｇovernmenｇｔs ａｎd ofteｎ hａve＿___36______sｕch aｓ tax-ｆrｅe　intereｓt.Some ｍａy ｅｖｅn be　＿_＿_３7___＿＿＿.Corpｏrtaｔe　ｂonds　are a biｔ more　riｓky．
　Ｔwｏ ｑｕestioｎs oｆtｅn__＿＿_38___＿_ｆiｒst-time corpoｒｔate bond ｉｎｖestors.The fｉrst is”Ｉf I purchasｅ ａ corportate boｎd,ｄo I　ｈａve　to　hoｌd iｔ ｕntil　the ｍatueity　date？”Ｔhe ａnsweｒ is　ｎo.Boｎds ａre bought and　sold ｄaily　oｎ　____3９_____securitiｅs exchaｎges.Hｏwｅveｒ,if ｙouｒ　ｂｏnd　ｄoｅｓ not ｈave____40___＿_ ｔhat make　it ａｔtraｃtive tｏ　other invｅstｏrｓ, yoｕ mａy be fｏrcｅd ｔo sｅlｌ yｏur　ｂoｎd aｔ ａ____41__＿_i．ｅ.， a pｒiｃe　leｓs　thａn the　boｎd’ｓ　face　value. But if yoｕr　bond ｉs　hiｇhｌy ｖalｕeｄ　by ｏtｈer invesｔors,　you mａｙ bｅ　able　tｏ selｌ it at a ｐremium, ｉ．ｅ., ａ ｐｒicｅ abｏｖe ｉｔs face vａlue． Bond　priｃes gcnｃrally____42__＿_ ｉnvｅrsely (相反地）with　currｅｎt market interｅｓt rateｓ. Aｓ interest rａteｓ gｏ up， ｂonｄ pnccs ｔaｌl, and vice verｓa　(反之亦然)．Tｈｕs,　liｋe aｌl iｎｖｅstｍents，boｎdｓ　ｈａｖe ａ　dｅgree of　risk.
　Thｅ ｓecｏnd questｉon is “Ｈow　cａn I ___43_＿＿＿___ tｈe iｎvｅｓtmenｔ riｓｋ oｆ　a paｒｔｉｃulａr bond issｕe?” Ｓtandaｒｄ & Pooｒ’s　ａｎd Moodｙ’s Investors Sｅrvicｅ　ｒａｔe　the levｅl of riｓｋ ｏf many corpoｒate aｎd ｇovernmeｎt　bondｓ. Aｎd __＿_４4______, the ｈiｇheｒ　thｅ mａrｋet　ｒｉsk of a boｎd,thｅ ｈigher ｔhｅ　ｉnterｅｓt rａte．　Ｉnvｅstors will inｖesｔ in a ｂond conｓidｅred rｉsky　onｌｙ　if the ___＿_45_____retｕrn ｉs hｉｇh eｎougｈ.

注意:此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
A) aｄvantages　　 I） fluctuate
B) ａｓsesｓ J) inｄｅfinite
C） botheｒ　　 K) inｓured
Ｄ) ｃonserved　 　L)　major
Ｅ) dｅducｔion M)　ｎatuｒaｌｌｙ
F)　ｄiｓcount　 N) poteｎtial
G） embarrass　 ０） ｓiｍultaneｏuslｙ
H)　featurｅsSecｔｉoｎ B
Diｒeｃｔions：:In tｈis ｓeｃｔion,you arｅ going to ｒead　a　pａssaｇe wｉｔh teｎ statmentｓ　aｔｔaｃhｅｄ to it.eaｃh ｓｔateｍeｎｔ　ｃｏntains infｏrｍatｉon ｇiｖeｎ iｎ one of ｔhｅ paragｒａphｓ.ｉdｅｎtifｙ　thｅ pａraｇrapｈ　ｆrｏm weiｃh　the　informａtioｎ iｓ ｄeriveｄ.yｏu may chｏose a parpｇraph　ｍorｅ tｈａn onｃe.eacｈ　paraｇｒａｐｈ is ｍarkeｄ wｉth a leｔter.ａnsweｒ thｅ　ｑuestions by markiｎg ｔhe cｏrrｅsｐondｉng letteｒ ｏn answｅr　sheet 2.

lｅsｓons ｆrom a　Femiｎiｓt　Paｒadisｅ
[A］Oｎ ｔｈe surface,Ｓweｄen apｐears ｔｏ be ａ ｆｅmｉｎist ｐaradise.Ｌｏok ａt　ａny　gｌobａｌ　survｅy ｏf gender ｅｑuaｌity and Sｗｅdｅn　ｗｉlｌ be　near the top.Ｆamily-friｅndly　ｐolicｉes　are iｔs norm-wｉth 16　ｍoｎths oｆ paiｄ parｅntaｌ ｌｅaｖe，spｅciaｌ　prｏtecｔions for　part-time　wｏrkers,and　state－suｂsidizｅd pｒeschoolｓ wｈere,aｃcｏrdｉｎg ｔo a ｇoｖernment wｅbｓite，"geｎdｅr-awaｒeｎｅｓs ｅｄｕcatｉon is inｃreasiｎgly cｏmｍon."due ｔｏ　an　uｎfficiａｌ qｕｏta ｓyｓtem,ｗｏｍｅｎ hold ４5 ｐeｒcｅnt　of ｐｏsitions　ｉn　ｔhe swｅdish ｐａrlｉａmenｔ.they hａvｅ enｊｏyed　the　ｐrotｅctiｏn of goｖｅrnmeｎt agｅnciｅs wｉｔｈ　ｔitleｓ　likｅ the Mｉniｓtry　of Ｉnｔｅgrａtｉoｎ　and Gendｅr Ｅqｕality aｎｄ ｔhe　Secretａriat ｏｆ Gender Ｒｅｓｅarch.Ｓo wｈy arｅ Americａｎ　womeｎ so fａr ahead of thｅir Sｗeｄｉsh　ｃouｎteｒｐaｒts in ｂreakｉｎg ｔｈroｕgh tｈe glass ceilｉnｇ?
[B]ｉn ａ 2023　ｒｅpoｒt，ｔhe Woｒlｄ　Eｃonｏmｉｃ　Ｆｏrｕm fｏund that ｗhen it ｃomes ｔo cloｓｉng tｈe ｇender gap　iｎ"eｃoｎmic paｒticiｐａtｉoｎ　ａnｄ opporｔunｉty,＂ｔhe Uniｔｅd Stａtｅｓ is aheaｄ　oｆ not oｎly Sweｄeｎ ｂuｔ alsｏ Fｉnlanｄ,Ｄenｍark,thｅ　Netherlands，Iceland，Gｅrｍａnｙ,ａnd ｔｈｅ Ｕnited Kingdｏｍ．Sweden＇ｓ ranｋ in　ｔｈe ｒepｏrt can　largeｌy ｂｅ eｘpｌaｉｎed by iｔs ｐｏliｔｉｃal quota sｙstem.Tｈoｕｇh the United　Sｔａtes has fewｅr women iｎ　thｅ wｏrkoｒce（68 percent　compａred to Ｓwedｅn'ｓ ７7 peｒceｎt).Ａmeｒicａｎ womeｎ who choose　to ｂe　employｅd aｒe far ｍｏre　ｌikely　to wｏrk fｕll-ｔｉme and tｏ ｈoｌd high-ｌeｖel ｊｏbｓ as manangers or　pｒofesｓｉoｎaｌs.They also oｗn ｍｏre busiｎeｓsｅｓ,lauｃｈ moｒe start-ups(新开办旳企业),and ｍore oｆteｎ ｗｏrk ｉn tｒadiｔioｎaｌly ｍaｌe fｉeldｓ．As foｒ　bｒeａking throｕgｈ the glass ceiｌing　in business,Americaｎ women ａre　well in　ｔhe ｌead．
[C］whaｔ exｐlaｉns　ｔhe Ａmerican advantａｇe?Hｏw　caｎ it bｅ ｔhat socｉetieｓ ｌikｅ Ｓweden，ｗhere gender eｑuality is viｇorouslｙ pusuｅd and enｇorceｄ，ｈave　fewｅr ｆemale managｅｒs，ｅxecutives,pｒofessｉoｎals,and ｂusｉnｅｓs ownｅrs than　eh ｌａissｅz－fａirｅ(自由放任旳)united　sｔates？A　neｗ studｙ　by　ｃlrｎｅll econｏmｉstｓ Franｃｉne Blau ａnｄ　Lawrｅnｃe　Kahｎ giｖes ａn expｌａｎation.
[D］Ｇenerous ｐａreｎtal ｌｅave policies anｄ ｒeadily available part-ｔimｅ opｔｉoｎs haｖe uｎintendｅｄ cｏnseｑuences:ｉnsｔead oｆ stｒｅngｔheｎing ｗomen'ｓ aｔtａchｍeｎt to tｈe　workplace,thｅy　appeａr to weaken ｉt.Ｉn addition to ａ １6－mｏnth　lｅａve,ａ　ｓwｅdｉｓh pａrｅnt ｈaｓ tｈe ｒｉgｈt　ｔo work　six　hoｕrs ａ ｄａy (foｒ a　reduced　salａry)uｎｔil hiｓ　or heｒ cｈild ｉs eight years ｏld.Motｈｅrs ａre faｒ more liｋely　tｈan ｆａthers tｏ take　advａntaｇe of this lａｗ,But　eｘtenｄeｄ ｌeaves aｎd paｒｔ-ｔｉme eｍｐlｏｙment are known to ｂe harmｆｕl to cａrｅers—fｏｒ　both gｅnders． Aｎd witｈ　womｅn a　second fａcｔor　comes iｎto play:ｍｏｓt ｓeｅm tｏ enjoy the　flｅｘible-tｉｍe arrangemｅnt（once known as ｔhe　“mommytrack”)ａｎd never　finｄ　tｈeir way back tｏ　full-timｅ　oｒ high-lｅvel ｅmploymｅnｔ．In sum:ｇenｅrｏｕs family-fｒiｅndly poｌiｃｉｅs do keep ｍoｒｅ women ｉn ｔｈe labor markｅｔ,but tｈeｙ aｌsｏ tend　to dｉmiｎisb their　carｅeｒs．
[E] Accoｒｄing to Blau anｄ Kaｈn，Sｗedｉsh-styｌe ｐatｅrnａｌ(父亲旳)ｌｅave ｐolicｉeｓ　aｎd　ｆｌexibletｉme aｒrａｎｇeｍeｎts pｏse ａ secoｎｄ tｈreat to ｗoman’s progrｅｓｓ:thｅy maｋe　emploｙeｒｓ cａuｔｉouｓ　aｂout hiriｎg ｗoｍan ｆor　ｆull-time pｏsiｔｉons at all．Ｏfｆerｉｎg　ajob tｏ a man is ｔhｅ ｓａfer　ｂet．He is ｆar lｅss ｌｉkeｌy　ｔo take ａ ｙｅａr　oｆ pａreｎtａl leave aｎｄ theｎ reｔurn ｏｎ a reduｃｅd ｗoｒk　scｈedulｅ　for tｈe next eight　yeａrｓ.
[F]I bｅｃame　aｗare of thｅ triale　of ｃareｅr-focused　Eurｏｐean womａn ａ few ｙears　aｇo ｗhen I　met a pｏst-docｔoral studｅｎｔ from Gerｍａｎｙ whｏ　was then a visiting ｆｅllｏw at Johｎs　Hｏpkiｎs. Sｈｅ was astｏniｓｈeｄ by the　proｆeｓsioｎａl poｓsiｂiliｔiｅs afforｄed to ｙounｇ Amerｉcaｎ wｏmaｎ.　Ｈeｒ ｂesｔ　ｈｏｐe iｎ Ｇｅrｍany was　a ｇoveｒmmenｔ job—prｏspectｓ for ｗｏman in ｔhｅ　private　sｅctor were　dｉm.”In Gerｍanｙ “ shｅ　told ｍe,”ｗe have　all tｈe　ｂeneｆits,”but emｐloyers　dｏn’ｔ’ ｗan　ｔo hirｅ uｓ.”
［G］ Sｗedｉsh ｅconomiｓtｓ　Ｍagｎus　Ｈeｎrｅksoｎ ａnd　Ｍikaeｌ　Stｅnkuｌa addｒeｓsed the　folｌｏwing quｅstion ｉn their 2０２３ studｙ:wｈy are　thｅre so　few ｆｅmale ｔop eｘecｕtiｖeｓ iｎ ｔhe Ｅuropean ｅgａｌｉtariaｎ(平等主义旳）welfare stａtｅｓ?Their answer:”Broad-bａsed weｌｆare-ｓtaｔｅ policieｓ hindeｒ woｍen’ｓ repｒｅsentation in elｉte coｍｐeｔｉｔiｖe pｏsiｔions.”
[Ｈ] It is ｔempting to declare thｅ Swｅdｉsｈ poliｃiｅs ｒegressiｖe(退步旳）and hail ｔhe American　syｓtem as ｓupeｒｉｏr．But ｔｈat wｏuｌd bｅ shoｒtsighteｄ.The Ｓｗｅdｅs　can ｃeｒtａinlｙ take a lesｓon　ｆrｏm the Ｕniteｄ Ｓｔａtｅs and loｏk ｆor wayｓ ｔo ｃleaｒ a ｐaｔh foｒ tｈeiｒ