2023年同等学力英语备考阅读理解含答案.doc

Paｓsage 1
　 Pｒopeｒ ａｒranｇemenｔ ｏf ｃｌassrｏｏm spaｃe ｉｓ important　tｏ encouｒａgiｎｇ interacｔiｏn．Mｏｓt ｏf us　have　ｎｏｔｉced ｈow　imｐoｒtanｔ pｈysiｃal ｓetｔiｎg is　tｏ efｆｉcｉency anｄ　ｃoｍfort iｎ our　work.Ｔoday＇s corｐoratｉｏｎ ｈｉre hｕman　eｎgｉnｅerinｇ　specialists and spenｄ a cｏnsiｄeｒaｂle ａmount of　time aｎd moｎｅy to　make ｓｕre that the pｈyｓｉcａｌ ｅnvironmeｎｔs　ｏf bｕildingｓ are ｆｉt　to the　ａcｔiviｔies oｆ their ｉnhａｂitantｓ.
Siｍilaｒlｙ,　college　classroom space　should　be ｄｅｓｉgｎed tｏ encｏuragｅ the actｉvity oｆ　cｒitical　thinkiｎｇ.We arｅ alｒeady iｎ the ｔweｎty-ｆirｓt cenｔurｙ，ｂut　steｐ iｎto aｌｍｏｓt any college ｃlassroｏm and you stｅp ｂack in ｔime　at ｌｅast a huｎdｒeｄ　ｙｅars.Desｋs ａｒe nｏrmaｌly in stｒａight rｏws， so sｔudenｔs caｎ　cleaｒly sｅe the　tｅacher ｂut ｎｏt ａll　tｈeir　ｃlaｓｓmａteｓ.Thiｓ　assuｍption beｈｉnd such an　arraｎgeｍｅnｔ　is obvｉｏus：Eｖｅｒytｈｉnｇ of imporｔanｃe cｏｍeｓ　fｒｏm tｈe teaｃheｒ.
Wｉｔｈ a lｉttle iｍaｇination anｄ effｏrt，unlesｓ　desｋs are fｉxed to ｔhe　floor，ｔhe tｅaｃheｒ　caｎ corｒect　this　sitｕatｉon ａnd creaｔｅ　space that ｅncouraｇes　ｉntｅｒchaｎge ａmｏng studentｓ．Ｉn smaｌl or standardized clasｓes，chaｉｒs,deｓｋs,aｎd tａblｅs ｃaｎ be arraｎged in ａ variety of ｗayｓ：circleｓ,U-sｈａpes，or semicircles.Ｔｈe ｐｒimarｙ goal should be fｏr　everyｏne to　bｅ ablｅ　to seｅ eveｒｙｏnｅ　elｓｅ．Larｇer ｃlasｓes，ｐartｉcuｌａr those held　ｉn lｅcturｅ ｈａｌls，unfｏrtｕnａｔeｌy，aｌｌow mucｈ ｌesｓ fｌexibility.
　Arｒaｎgemenｔ ｏｆ the clasｓrｏom sｈｏulｄ ａｌso make iｔ　eａsy to ｄiｖiｄe stｕdｅｎｔs　iｎｔｏ ｓｍall groups for discussioｎ or probleｍ-solving exerciｓes.Smaｌl ｃlaｓseｓ ｗith mｏｖable ｄｅsks　and ｔables present　no　problem.Even in lａrgｅ lecｔｕｒe hallｓ,iｔ is posｓiblｅ　foｒ studｅｎts tｏ ｔuｒｎ ａｒｏund aｎd　form gｒｏup　oｆ　four　tｏ　sｉx.Bｒeaｋinｇ a　class into smaｌl grouｐs prｏｖｉdｅs　ｍorｅ oｐportｕnitieｓ　for stｕdents to interaｃt　ｗith eａｃh othｅｒ,ｔhink ｏｕt　louｄ，ａnd　ｓeｅ　how oｔher sｔuｄents’ thinking processes oｐerate－-aｌl　ｅssential ｅｌemｅnｔs iｎ　deｖｅlopiｎｇ new modeｓ of criｔｉｃａｌ ｔhinkｉng．
　 In cｏｕrses ｔhat ｒeｇulａrｌy uｓe a small　groｕp ｆorｍat，ｓｔudｅｎts migｈt bｅ aｓｋed　tｏ　ｓtａy in thｅ same ｓmall　grｏｕｐs ｔhｒouｇhouｔ the ｃｏｕrsｅ.Ａ colｌeague ｏf　mine aｌlows sｔudeｎｔｓ tｏ move　arouｎｄ　duriｎg ｔhe first tｗｏ weeks,untｉl　tｈey　ｆind ａ gｒｏuｐ tｈｅｙ ａrｅ ｃoｍｆortabｌe with.He tｈeｎ asｋs thｅm to sｔay iｎ ｔhｅ sａme seat，ｗｉｔh the　sａmｅ　grｏｕｐ,ｆｒom　ｔｈat time on．This nｏt ｏnly　ｃreatｅｓ a comｆortaｂle　setting fｏr ｉnｔeraction　ｂut　helpｓ　hｉｍ learn ｓtudｅntｓ’ nａｍeｓ　and faｃes.
1. Accｏrding　ｔo ｔhe　ｐasｓage，propｅr ａrrａngemeｎt　oｆ physiｃaｌ environment iｎ　a ｃoｍｐany _＿___＿_.
　　A． can impｒove ｗorkｉｎｇ conｄitions
　 Ｂ． leａds ｔo ａn ｆriｅndｌy atmｏsphｅrｅ
C. can pｒomｏte　worｋiｎg　effiｃiｅnｃｙ
　D. ｐｒoduce an energｅｔic　teａm leaｄer
2. Dｅskｓ　in　stｒaight roｗs iｎ　a tｒaditｉｏnal　clａsｓｒoom implｙ _______.
　Ａ． ｔhe impoｒｔａｎｃｅ of ｆａｃiaｌ ｅxpresｓiｏns
Ｂ. grｏup worｋ ｉｓ not weｌcome ｉｎ cｌass
C． ｓtriｃt　rules thａt must be ａbided bｙ
　　D． thｅ abｓolutｅ ａｕthoｒity of ｔeacheｒs
3.　The most iｍｐoｒtant goal ｏf clａssroom aｒｒangeｍent is tｏ ___＿__＿．
　 A. ｃreatｅ moｒe chanｃeｓ ｏｆ interaction aｍｏｎｇ stuｄents
　　B． incrｅａse more speaking pracｔices ａmｏng ｓtudｅntｓ
　Ｃ.　make it possible ｆor tｅacｈｅrs ｔo judge　how well studeｎts have ｌearned
　　D.　iｍｐrｏve　the rｅｌatｉonｓhiｐ between students anｄ ｔeaｃhｅrｓ
　4．　Ｂy　dividｉng studｅnts　into　smalｌ　grｏups，teaｃheｒs　___＿___.
　 Ａ. find it easｉeｒ tｏ hanｄｌe the　in－ｃlasｓ　teaching
　 Ｂ. caｎ ｐａrticｉpaｔｅ　in gｒｏｕp woｒk coｎｖeｎｉenｔｌy
C．　help　develop students’ ａbｉlities in critｉcal　thinｋing
　　D. reｉnfｏrce　sｔudｅntｓ’ abｉｌｉty ｉn ｃoopｅｒａtion ａnd commuｎiｃaｔion
5. It　ｃan ｂe ｉｎferred thaｔ　the　aｕtｈor _______.
　 A． cｒｉticｉzes ｔhe ｉｍportａｎce　of　ｔeａｃhｅｒs ｉn ｃｌass
B． stresses the ｉmporｔａncｅ ｏｆ inｔeraction among stuｄeｎts
　　C. is　reluｃtａnt to ｔeach ｉn　a ｃlａssｒoｏm　in　the 2１st　cｅnｔuｒy
D. iｓ　eａger to rｅfｏrm the ｄeｓk ａrrａngemenｔｓ in hｉｓ ｃoｌｌege
　 Passａgｅ 4
Ｍaterｉaｌ cｕｌtuｒe reｆerｓ to what　can ｂe seen,　held,　ｆelt, uｓed－-whａｔ　a culture　produces． Eｘａmiｎinｇ　a　cｕlture’s tools aｎｄ ｔechnoｌｏgy can ｔeｌl us about ｔhe group’s　ｈｉsｔory ａｎd way of lｉfe． Similarlｙ， rｅｓeａrch iｎto the maｔｅｒial culturｅ of　music　can　ｈelｐ us ｔo uｎderstand ｔｈｅ ｍuｓic　culturｅ. Tｈe moｓｔ vivid bｏdy　ｏf maｔｅｒiａｌ ｃulture　in　ｉt, of　cｏurse， is ｍusｉｃal instruments. We　cａnnｏt hear　ｆoｒ ourｓｅlves　the acｔual sounｄ　of ａny ｍusicａl peｒｆoｒmance before　the 1870s when the phoｎｏgｒaｐh　ｗas invｅnted, so wｅ reｌy on instruments　ｆor　iｍporｔaｎt　informaｔioｎ ａbout musｉc　cｕltureｓ in thｅ　remote　ｐaｓt and thｅiｒ developmenｔ. Heｒe　ｗe ｈａｖe two　kiｎds oｆ eｖidｅｎce:　instruｍents well pｒeｓerveｄ　and ｉnstｒumeｎts ｐiｃｔured in aｒt． Thrｏugｈ ｔhe ｓtｕdy ｏf　instruments， as　weｌl　aｓ paintｉngs,　wrｉtten　dｏcumentｓ, anｄ so on,　ｗe　cａn　expｌｏrｅ the mｏvement　of mｕｓｉc froｍ the Nｅaｒ Ｅaｓt　to　China over a thousand years ａgo， or we can ouｔlｉne the　sprｅaｄ of Nｅａｒ Eastern　iｎfｌuence　to Eｕrope　thaｔ resｕlted in　ｔhe devｅlｏpmeｎt　of　mosｔ of tｈe instrｕments in the ｓｙmｐｈｏny orchｅｓtｒa．
　Ｓheｅt　mｕsｉｃ oｒ　pｒｉnted muｓｉｃ,　tｏo, iｓ ｍaｔeｒｉａl cｕlture. Sｃholars ｏｎce dｅfｉnｅｄ ｆolk ｍｕsic ｃultureｓ aｓ　thoｓe iｎ whiｃh peoｐle ｌｅａrn and　sing　muｓic ｂy　eａr ｒather thａn ｆrom pｒiｎt, buｔ resｅaｒch shoｗs mｕtual infｌuence among oral ａnd wｒitｔen souｒces duｒiｎｇ the　pａst ｆｅw cenｔuｒies iｎ Europe, Bｒｉｔaｉn, and Ameｒica. Printｅｄ versioｎs ｌimit vaｒieｔy　bｅｃauｓe　thｅy　tend to sｔaｎｄａrdizｅ　anｙ song， ｙet theｙ ｓtiｍｕｌate peopｌe　to crｅａtｅ new　and ｄifferent　ｓｏｎgs. Ｂesides， ｔhｅ ability tｏ read ｍusic　notaｔion　hａs　ａ faｒ-reachinｇ effect　on　mｕｓic ａnd, ｗｈen it ｂeｃｏｍes wiｄespread, oｎ　the ｍusｉc culture　ａｓ a whoｌe.
　Ｏnｅ mｏre imｐｏrtａnt part　of musｉc’s　maｔｅｒial culture　should ｂe sｉnｇleｄ　ｏut: thｅ influencｅ of　ｔhe elｅctronic mｅdiａ-－radiｏ,　ｒecord　plａｙer,　tape　recorder, teｌevｉsion,　and　videocasseｔｔe,　ｗith tｈe futurｅ prｏmising talｋinｇ and ｓinginｇ comｐｕteｒs and otｈer dｅveｌopments． This iｓ ａｌｌ ｐart ｏｆ ｔhe ＂infｏｒｍation rｅvｏlution＂， ａ tｗeｎtietｈ-cｅｎｔｕrｙ　ｐhenomｅnon ａｓ　iｍportａｎt aｓ the induｓｔriaｌ revolｕtioｎ　was in the ｎiｎeteeｎｔh. These　eleｃtroniｃ media are　ｎｏｔ　just limiteｄ to moｄｅm　natｉｏns; they have affected music　cuｌtｕres　all over　the　glｏbe．
　 ６． Reｓｅａrcｈ　into ｔhe　ｍａterial cｕｌturｅ　of ａ ｎaｔion　iｓ of gｒｅat iｍｐorｔance becａuse _＿
　 A. it helｐs producｅ　ｎew cultuｒal ｔｏｏls　and tｅcｈｎology
　 B． iｔ　cａn refｌect thｅ dｅvｅｌｏｐment of tｈｅ natioｎ
　 C. it hｅlpｓ　uｎderstａnd the ｎation’ｓ pasｔ and ｐresent
　D. it　cａｎ deｍｏｎstrａte　the naｔiｏn’s civｉlization
7. Ｉｔ cａn ｂｅ learned fｒom　thiｓ ｐaｓｓagｅ　that _____
　　Ａ. tｈe exｉstence of ｔhｅ symｐhony wａｓ ａtｔｒibuteｄ ｔo　the spreaｄ of Nｅａｒ Easｔern anｄ Ｃhinese mｕsiｃ
　Ｂ. Neａr Easｔern muｓiｃ haｄ an　influｅｎce oｎ the ｄevelｏpment of the instｒuments in tｈe sympｈony Orchestｒa
　 C. thｅ ｄｅｖelopmeｎt of thｅ sｙmｐhony　sｈows tｈe ｍutｕal iｎflｕｅnce ｏf Eastern ａnd Western music
　　D． the ｍusｉcal　instrumenｔs　in　the syｍphony orchesｔrａ ｗere deｖeｌoped oｎ the basiｓ of　Near Easterｎ muｓｉc
　8． Accｏrdinｇ ｔｏ　ｔhe autｈor,　muｓｉｃ nｏｔａtｉｏn is imporｔanｔ beｃａuｓe　＿__
　Ａ.　it　ｈaｓ　a ｇｒeａt eｆfect on　the　music cuｌtｕre as　more　and more　pｅople aｒe ａble tｏ　read it
　B. it tｅｎds to staｎdardiｚe fｏｌk ｓongｓ wｈen ｉt ｉｓ uｓed by fｏlk ｍusiｃians
　　C.　ｉt　is　tｈe　prinｔeｄ vｅrｓion　of standａrｄizeｄ folk music
D. ｉｔ ｅncｏuｒａｇes　peopｌe tｏ ｐoｐｕｌａriｚe priｎtｅd vｅrsionｓ ｏf　soｎｇs
　9.　Ｉt ｃan　ｂe cｏnclｕded frｏm　the paｓsagｅ　that　thｅ introduｃtion ｏf electronic　media　iｎｔｏ the wｏrlｄ ｏf music _＿
　A. ｈas brｏugｈt ａbout ａｎ　information　revolｕtioｎ
　 B. ｈas spｅeded up the appｅaｒanｃe oｆ a　new generａtion　ｏf cｏmpｕters
　C． has ｇｉven rise to nｅw forｍs of muｓic ｃｕlture
　Ｄ. has led to　the ｔranｓｆorｍatiｏn　of trａｄitｉonal musical instｒuｍeｎts
　 10.　Which　of the folｌowinｇ best sｕｍmarｉzｅｓ tｈe mａｉｎ　ｉdｅa of ｔｈｅ passａｇe?
A. Ｍusical ｉnstrumｅｎts ｄeveｌoped ｔhroｕgｈ tｈe yeaｒｓ will sooner oｒ ｌater be　rｅplａcｅd bｙ cｏｍｐｕteｒs.
B. Ｍusiｃ　ｃannot be　ｐaｓsｅｄ ｏn tｏ ｆuture　gｅneraｔions uｎless　it is recordeｄ.
　C. Folk　songs ｃａnnot ｂe ｓpread far　unlesｓ tｈey　are printｅd on　muｓｉc　ｓheets.
　Ｄ. Ｔhe devｅlｏｐment　ｏf musｉc cuｌtuｒe iｓ highly depｅndent ｏn ｉtｓ　material aspeｃｔ.
　 Ｐassａge　5
　You’re buｓｙ　fiｌliｎg out the aｐplication　ｆｏrm　fｏr a poｓiｔion yoｕ reａllｙ need. Leｔ’s assｕｍe ｙou oｎce aｃtuａlｌy　completeｄ a coupｌe　of ｙｅars of college wｏrｋ or eｖeｎ that yｏu　comｐleted your ｄeｇree. Iｓn’t　ｉｔ temptｉng to　lｉｅ ｊｕst　a　ｌｉttle, tｏ　clａｉm　on ｔhe fｏrm that ｙｏur ｄiploma repｒesents a Ｈａrvard degｒｅｅ？　Or ｔhａt　yoｕ　finishｅd an extra ｃouple of ｙearｓ　bａcｋ　at Ｓtate Universｉｔy? Moｒe and moｒe　peopｌｅ　are　turning to ｕtter deｃｅption lｉke tｈｉs to ｌand tｈeｉr job　oｒ to ｍｏvｅ　ahead in tｈeｉｒ cａreeｒｓ， for personnel oｆficers，　ｌike　most Americanｓ, vａlue dｅｇｒees ｆｒｏm famous ｓｃhools. Ａ jｏb aｐpｌicant maｙ ｈａvｅ a good eｄuｃaｔiｏn aｎywaｙ，　but he or sｈｅ aｓsuｍeｓ　that chａｎceｓ of ｂeing hiｒed　ａre better ｗith a dipｌｏma frｏm　a well-ｋｎｏwn universiｔｙ.
　　Regｉstrars at most　weｌl-knoｗn collegｅs　saｙ　they deal with　deceitful claｉms liｋe tｈesｅ aｔ the raｔｅ of about oｎe pｅr weeｋ. Perｓonｎeｌ　oｆficｅrs do checｋ ｕp on　degrｅes ｌistｅd on appｌicａtion formｓ,　ｔhen. Iｆ iｔ　tuｒns ｏut ｔhaｔ an appｌicａｎt ｉｓ　ｌyｉｎg, mosｔ colleｇeｓ aｒe　rｅlｕctant to ａｃcuse the applicant directly.　One Ｉvy League schoｏl calls　thｅｍ　＂impｏstors (骗子)"； aｎoｔher ｒefers to ｔhｅｍ as　"specｉal　cａses＂. Ｏnｅ well-known Wesｔ Coａｓｔ ｓchool, iｎ peｒhaps the most ｄeliｃａｔｅ phrasｅ ｏｆ　aｌｌ,　sａys tｈat　tｈｅse cｌａｉms　aｒe mａdｅ ｂｙ　"no ｓｕcｈ pｅople". To ａｖｏid outrighｔ (彻底旳） lieｓ,　ｓｏme job－sｅekers　clａim that ｔhey ＂ａttenｄeｄ"　or "weｒe asｓｏciateｄ wｉth＂ a college oｒ　uｎiversitｙ. Afteｒ cａrefulｌy chｅｃｋｉｎｇ， a ｐersonnel ｏffｉceｒ maｙ　discover　ｔhat "attｅnding"　meaｎｓ being diｓmissed ａfteｒ oｎe semesteｒ.　It may　be that ＂being　assｏｃiaｔｅd　with" a college mｅａns ｔhat the ｊob-ｓeeｋeｒ viｓiｔed　hiｓ youngｅr brother foｒ　a footｂａｌl weｅkend. One ｓchoｏl　thaｔ keeps rｅcords oｆ ｆalse ｃlaｉｍｓ ｓayｓ ｔhａt the pｒacticｅ ｄaｔes baｃk at ｌeast to ｔhe turｎ of the centuｒｙ-－-thａｔ’s ｗhｅn ｔhey ｂｅgａn kｅeｐｉｎg　ｒeｃｏrds， anyhｏw. Iｆ　yoｕ ｄoｎ’t　ｗant ｔｏ lie or　ｅven　ｓtretｃh the ｔruｔh， thｅｒe　are　compaｎｉes thaｔ ｗill sell yoｕ　a phoｎy diｐlｏmａ.
　　Ｏne　compａny, witｈ ofｆices iｎ Neｗ　Yｏrｋ and on ｔｈｅ　West　Cｏａｓt， will puｔ　yoｕｒ　naｍｅ oｎ ａ diｐloｍａ ｆrom aｎy nｕmbｅr oｆ ｎonexｉsｔent　coｌlｅges. The ｐrice　begiｎs ａｔ arouｎｄ twenｔy　dｏllars foｒ　ａ ｄiploma from "Ｓmooｔ Sｔatｅ Uniｖersity"．　Ｔhe pricｅs increａｓe rapｉdly　foｒ a dｅgree from ｔhe "Ｕｎivｅｒsiｔy of Purｄue"． Ａs theｒe　is no　Ｓmooｔ Ｓｔaｔｅ aｎd tｈe real ｓｃhｏol ｉn Indｉaｎa　is ｐｒopｅrｌy called Purdue Univerｓｉty, the prｉces sｅem rａｔher　hiｇh　for one sheet of ｐａｐｅｒ．
　　１１． The maｉn idea of　thｉｓ　ｐａssａgｅ ｉs thaｔ ＿___＿
　 Ａ. emplｏyerｓ arｅ cheｃkｉnｇ ｍore　cｌoselｙ ｏｎ apｐｌicaｎtｓ nｏw
　 Ｂ. lyinｇ about college　deｇrｅes haｓ becｏme　a widesｐｒｅad proｂleｍ
　 C． cｏlleｇe degrees can now be pｕrchased easilｙ
D. emploｙｅrs are nｏ ｌonｇer iｎterested　in ｃoｌleｇe ｄegｒeｅs
　　１2. Ａcｃordｉng to ｔhe ｐassagｅ,　＂ｓpecial eases" ｒefers to cases　that ＿_
Ａ. sｔｕdents　atｔend a school　only part－ｔｉｍe
B. stｕdents nｅvｅr aｔｔeｎded a schoｏl tｈeｙ ｌistｅｄ oｎ　ｔheir　ａｐpｌicａtiｏn
　 Ｃ. sｔudents ｐurchａｓe faｌse　degrｅｅs　fｒｏm ｃomｍｅrｃｉal firms
　D. studeｎts attended a ｆamouｓ ｓcｈｏoｌ
　　１3.　We can ｉnfｅr from the ｐasｓaｇe thａt _＿
A.　perｆｏrmance is a bｅｔteｒ judｇｅ ｏf abｉlｉty thaｎ ａ　coｌlegｅ degree
B.　experiencｅ is the best　tｅacｈeｒ
　　C． pasｔ ｗorｋ ｈisｔｏries　ｉｎfluenｃe pｅrsonｎｅl officers mｏre　tｈaｎ　ｄeｇreｅｓ do
D. a degｒee froｍ a famous school　enaｂｌes　aｎ appｌicant to gａin　aｄvantage　oｖer othｅｒｓ ｉn jｏb　cｏmpetｉtｉoｎ
　　１4. Thｉｓ ｐａssage　ｉmplies that __
A.　bｕying　ａ ｆalｓe　ｄegrｅｅ is noｔ moｒal
Ｂ. perｓonnｅｌ offｉcers only consiｄｅr appliｃants frｏｍ fａmoｕs sｃhooｌs
　　C.　ｍosｔ ｐeｏｐle lie on apｐlｉcatiｏns becａuｓｅ they wｅre dismiｓsｅd　fｒom school
　D． society shｏuｌd be ｇreａｔly ｒｅspoｎｓｉble ｆor lying　ｏn　aｐｐｌiｃａtｉons
１5.　Ｔhe　ｗord　"pｈoｎy"　（Lｉne 1３,　Parａ. 2) means __
　A．　ｔhorｏugｈ C. fａlse　B. ｕlｔiｍate Ｄ. decｉsｉve
Paｓsage 6
　 Ｎobody ａｃtually wants to ｃause　oｆfence but，as ｂusｉｎｅｓs becｏmeｓ　ever　moｒe　iｎternational,it iｓ ｉｎcreasingly easy to get ｉｔ　wroｎg． Ｔhｅre mａｙ be ａ　singｌe　Eｕrｏpeaｎ market buｔ ｉt ｄoeｓ　nｏt mean thaｔ　ｍanａgers behave thｅ　sａme in Grｅｅcｅ ａs theｙ do　in Denmark.
Ｉn ｍａny European　couｎtrｉｅs　handshakｉng ｉs aｎ　autｏmａｔｉc　gestuｒe.In Fraｎcｅ ｇood mａnｎｅrs ｒequirｅ that oｎ arriｖing ａｔ a　busineｓs ｍeeting ａ　mａn　shｏuld shake hａndｓ with ｅvｅryｏnｅ　pｒｅsent. Ｔhis can ｂe a demandiｎｇ　ｔasｋ and，ｉn a ｃrowｄed　ｒoｏm，mａｙ require　gｙmnaｓtｉc(体育旳）aｂｉｌity　iｆ the ｆaｒtheｓｔ hanｄ ｉs to ｂe reaｃhed.　Hａｎdｓhａkiｎg is aｌｍｏst ａs ｐoｐular in sｏme other ｃｏuntriｅｓ,but　Nｏrthern Ｅｕropeans，such　ａｓ tｈe Bｒｉｔiｓｈ ａnd　Ｓcandiｎaｖianｓ，aｒe　not quｉte sｏ foｎｄ ｏf　physiｃal dｅmoｎsｔｒatｉoｎs of ｆｒiｅndliｎｅss.
　 In Euｒｏｐe thｅ　moｓt cｏmmon ｃhａllenge is noｔ　the　coｎteｎt　oｆ ｔhe　fｏoｄ,but　ｔｈe ｗaｙ ｙｏｕ　bｅhave　as　yoｕ　ｅat. Some thｉｎgs aｒe just noｔ ｄone.In Fｒａｎce iｔ　iｓ ｎot gｏoｄ mａｎｎｅｒs tｏ raiｓｅ triｃky questiｏｎs of ｂusｉｎeｓs ｏｖer　the maｉn　course.Bｕsiness ｈａs its　plａce:afteｒ ｔhe cheese cｏursｅ． Uｎｌeｓs　you　are pｒeparｅｄ tｏ　eat in siｌeｎce you havｅ ｔo taｌk ａbouｔ somethinｇ-sｏmeｔｈinｇ,thａt iｓ,ｏther thaｎ ｔhe ｂusinｅss deal whicｈ　ｙoｕ ａre contｉｎually cheｗing ｏver in ｙour head．
In Ｇｅrmaｎy,as ｙoｕ wａｌk ｓａdly back to yoｕｒ hoｔｅｌ room,you may ｗｏnｄer ｗhy your ａppaｒentlｙ　ｆriendｌy hosts havｅ　noｔ ｉnｖitｅd　ｙou　out　fｏr tｈe evening． Don't　worrｙ,iｔ ｉs　probaｂly nothiｎｇ pｅrsoｎaｌ． Gerｍans　dｏ not ｅｎtertain ｂusiｎess ｐeople wｉｔh　qｕiｔe the sａｍe eｎthusiaｓm as some of　ｔｈeｉr Europｅaｎ counterｐarts.
　 The Gｅrmaｎs are ａｌｓｏ　noｔaｂle for tｈe　aｍoｕnt　of fｏrmaｌｉty they ｂrｉnｇ　tｏ buｓｉnｅss.　As an outsidｅr，ｉt is often　diｆｆicult ｔo kｎow wｈetheｒ colｌeagueｓ hａve been ｗorkｉng togｅtｈeｒ　for ３0　ｙeaｒs ｏr have just mｅｔ ｉｎ tｈe　lifｔ． Ｉｆ yoｕ　aｒｅ　used　to ｃaｌlｉng pｅoｐle by ｔhｅir ｆｉrsｔ　naｍeｓ　thiｓ　cａn　bｅ a liｔtle　straｎｇe. Ｔo thｅ Germａns,ｔitles　ａre iｍportａnt． Fｏｒｇettｉng ｔhａt ｓomｅone　sｈoulｄ be　cａｌｌｅd Herr Ｄoｋtor ｏr　Frau　Ｄirektoｒin might　causｅ seｒｉoｕs offｅncｅ． Iｔ iｓ equalｌy offｅnsive tｏ　calｌ them bｙ a　titlｅ they dｏ ｎot pｏｓsess.
　In Iｔａｌy tｈe question ｏｆ title is furｔher　ｃonfused by　ｔｈe facｔ that　eveｒｙone with a ｕniveｒｓｉty ｄeｇree cａn ｂe calleｄ Dｏcｔor－and enginｅerｓ,lawyｅrs　aｎｄ aｒchitects may alｓo　ｅｘpect to bｅ callｅd by their profｅssional ｔｉtlｅｓ.
　These cｕlturａｌ chａｌｌengｅs exｉsｔ side　by sidｅ ｗiｔh tｈe prｏbｌems of ｄoing businｅss in　a forｅign　ｌanguage.　Lａnguａge，of cｏurse,iｓ full　ｏf dｉfｆicultｉｅs－diｓaster’may ｂe only　a　sｙllable aｗay.Ｂｕt　the　ｍore ｙoｕ knｏw of tｈe cuｌtuｒe　ｏｆ tｈe coｕntry you　ａre deａlｉｎg with，thｅ　ｌesｓ likely yoｕ　are　ｔo get　iｎto dｉｆficuｌtiｅs.Ｉt is　woｒtｈ the　effort. It might bｅ　ｒaｔｈeｒ harｄ to　ｅxplaiｎ ｔhaｔ the reasoｎ ｙou lｏst ｔhe ｃoｎtrａct was　ｎot thｅ producｔ or ｔhe　pｒice,ｂuｔ the　fact　that　ｙou　ｏffｅnｄed your hosts iｎ a　ligｈt-hearted　comｍｅｎt　ovｅr　aｎ　aｐｅrｉtif(开胃酒）.Ｇood mannｅrs are ａdmired: theｙ can　also　maｋe　oｒ ｂreak ｔｈe　dｅａｌ.
　１６． Thｉs passage　suｇｇests us ｔo
　 A.　ｂｅhaｖe　the same ｉｎ　tｈe　sｉnglｅ　Eurｏｐeａｎ　market
　　B.　ｍakｅ the deal bｙ gｏoｄ manｎers
　　Ｃ． giｖe humｏｒous remａrks wｈen you eａt with people
　　D. learｎ more about　culｔuｒａl　ｄｉｆfereｎces
17. In　ｗhiｃｈ cｏuntｒｙ ａrｅ　yoｕ noｔ　ｅｘpeｃted to sｈake　hａnds ｗith ｅveryｏnｅ ｙｏu mｅｅt？
　　A． Fｒanｃe. B. Gｅrｍany． C．　Ｎorwａｙ. D. Ｉｔaly．
　18. Ｗhich　of　the followinｇ sｔaｔｅmenｔｓ is ＴＲＵＥ?
　　A．　People　ｉn　Ｂriｔaiｎ ｓhakｅ hands　juｓt　ａｓ　ｍanｙ as　pｅople in France．
　　B．　In　France peoｐle　preｆer talking abouｔ business duｒｉｎg mｅａls.
　C. Ｉｔalian ｐｒofesｓionals　expecｔ　to be caｌleｄ bｙ theｉr titles.
　Ｄ. Germaｎ bｕｓiness ｐeoｐｌe ｄon'ｔ lｉke　tｏ bｅ　called by　thｅir surnａmes.
　　19．　If　yｏu arｅ ｎot ｉnviteｄ　out ｆor tｈe　evening ｂy ｙouｒ　bu