江苏省成人本科学士学位英语考试题型及计分.doc

江苏省成人本科学士学位英语考试题型及计分
序号
题号
名 称
题数
计分
做题时间
I
l～20
听力理解
20
20
20
Ⅱ
21～40
阅读理解
20
30
30
Ⅲ
41～70
1、词语用法（选择题）
2、语法结构（填空题）
30
15
15
Ⅳ
71～90
完型填空
20
10
15
V
91～95
英译汉
5
10
15
Ⅵ
96
写 作
1
15
25
合 计
96
100
120

一、 听力题型分析
Section A 补全对话
主要测试日常交际能力。对话内容一般都是日常交际用语，如：购物、看病、问路、就餐、打电话等。
在特定语境中，交际运用的语言有一定模式，需要掌握。
(Section A, P.4, 讲解)
(Section A, P. 187)

Section B 简短对话
涉及日常生活中的一般话题，比较口语化，主要分为数字计算、场所关系、推断结论、词语结构等。
(P. 110 通过习题了解解题方法)
(Section B, P. 5, 讲解)
(Section B, P. 188)

Section C 情景对话和短文听力
题目比较客观直接，如：短文主题，说话者的情况，事实与细节，因果关系，推理推断等
注意文章第一句或前几句，和文章的结尾。

注意：
1. 预测
2. 阅读选择项
3. 边听边记录
(Section C, P. 6, 讲解)
(Section C, P. 189)

二、 写作
考试时间为25分钟，共15分。体裁为记叙文、议论文、说明文，还包括应用文。不少
于100字。
Topic Sentence
Supporting Detail 1
Supporting Detail 2
Supporting Detail 3
(Conclusion)
1. 段落(P. 179)

2. 段落的展开方式(P. 179)
3. 应用文
考试中，书信考得最多。务必熟悉英语书信的格式。(P. 184 sample)
4. 写作题型
（1） 根据中文提示进行写作
（2） 根据提供的词语写作
（3） 根据提供的段首句(英文)写作，如：2009年真题

5. 模拟题操练(P. 369-372)
共17篇

三、 词语用法
测试的重点是：词义理解，同义词辨析，固定搭配
1. 词义理解
可以从句子（即语境）和选项两个方面入手
2. 固定搭配
动词（动词短语）、形容词、名词

四、 阅读理解
主题思想
主要事实和特定细节
判断和推理
作者的观点或态度
词义
1. 如何抓主题思想
抓主题思想，我们首先要学会识别文章中那些最根本、最具有概括力的信息。这种信息应能归纳和概括文中其它信息所具有的共性。

一、 一段文章的中心思想常常由主题句表达。主题句常常位于段首或段尾处，间或出现在段落中间。同样，一篇文章的中心思想也常常在开始段或结尾段点出。因此在阅读中，我们要特别注意文章的开头或结尾。

在确定一篇文章的中心思想时，我们通常用快读的方法。从头至尾将全文浏览一遍，注意不要被个别词、句难住而停下来。要从上下文的连贯意思上来理解全文。

在阅读理解中，常常用于检查对主题思想的掌握的问题有：
1. The main(central, principal) idea of this passage is __________.
2. The main idea of this selection may be best expressed as __________.
3. The main theme(topic) of the passage is __________.
4. The passage is mainly about __________.
5. This passage deals mainly(primarily) with __________.
6. The author’s purpose in writing this passage is __________.
7. The main purpose of the passage is __________.
8. The best(most appropriate) title of(for) this passage is __________.
9. What would be the most appropriate title for this passage?
10. What is the subject of this passage?

如何找主要事实和特定细节
特别注意涉及who, what, when, where和why等问题的内容。
阅读理解测试中一切找出主要事实或特定细节的问题的表述常常不是采用文章中的原话，而是使用同义的词语来进行提问。
应注意以下几个问题：
1、scanning
2、在文章中，为避免重复提及某一词或短语，作者常常使用指代词(Reference Words)来代
替。通常，我们可根据上下文的句子结构、主谓一致关系以及语义关系等来确定所指代的内容。

在阅读理解测试中，要求查找主要事实或特定细节的问题常有以下几种形式：
1. Which of the following statements is (not ) true(correct)?
2. Which of the following is not mentioned in the text?
3. All of the following are true except…
4. The author(passage) states that …
5. According to the passage, when(where, why, how, who, what, which, etc) …?

如何进行判断和推理

在阅读理解测试中，要求进行判断和推理的问题，通常有以下几种形式：
1. The writer(author, passage) implies(suggests) that _________.
2. It can be inferred from the passage that _________.
3. An inference which may not be made from this passage is _________.
4. Which of the following can be readily inferred from the passage?
5. It can be concluded from the passage that _________.
6. What does the author conclude about …?
7. We may conclude from reading the passage that _________.
8. The passage is intended to _________.
9. The paragraph preceding(following) this one would most likely(probably) state(discuss, deal with) _____
10. Where would this paragraph most probably appear(be found)?

如何确定作者的观点或态度

1、必须将上下文联系起来看。
2、特别关注名词、动词、形容词和副词等描述性词语和整篇文章的气氛。
3、注意语言的特点。
在阅读理解测试中，要求确定作者的态度或观点的问题，通常有以下几种形式：
1. The author gives the impression that ________.
2. The author’s view is ________.
3. The author thinks that ________.
4. The author suggests that ________.
5. Which of the following can best describe the attitude of the author towards …
6. What is the tone of the passage?
7. The tone of the passage can be best describe as ________.
8. According to the author ________.

如何猜测词义

一、 利用所出现生词的上下文与其意义上的联系或下文进一步的叙述，猜测词义。
例一：
The female mosquito is a vampire and lives on blood.

例二：
The old man put on his spectacles and began to read.

二、 利用文中的举例猜测词义。
例三：
Some artists plan their painting around geometric forms like squares, circles and triangles.

例四：
Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of their money on appliances, for instance, washing-machines, refrigerators and color televisions.

三、 利用文中说明词义的同位语或定语等，猜测词义。
例五：
The invention of snorkel, a long air tube that reaches up to the surface, has made it possible for submarines to use their diesel engine even when they are submerged.

例六：
The type of meter is called multimeter, which is used to measure electricity.

例七：
They will be on the night shift --- from midnight to 6 a.m. --- next week.

四、 利用文章中所出现的，与某生词或词组意思相反的内容，猜测词义。
例八：
American businessmen expect employees to be punctual. They do not expect that the workers well come late.

例九：
Unlike her gregarious sister, Jane is a shy person, who does not like to go to parties, or to make new friends.

五、 利用文章中用不同的话对同一概念的解释，猜测词义。
例十：
Should the government regulate the cost of resources such as oil and gas? Some people do not believe that government control is the solution to the problem of the rising cost of fuel.

例十一：
One of the predominant concerns today is the future of our natural resources. This issue is of greatest importance because it is becoming clear to many people that our present resources will not last forever.

例十二：
Cleaning up waterways is an enormous task. The job is so large, in fact, that the government may not be able to save some of the rivers and lakes which have been polluted.

六、 利用基本的构词方法，猜测词义。
例十三：
They overestimate the interviewee’s ability and asked him many difficult questions.

例十四：
We were told that ours was the most spacious room in the hotel. That was why we had to pay so much for it.

在阅读理解测试中，要求判断词语意义的问题，通常有以下形式：
1. According to the author, the word “…” means ________.
2. By “…”, the author means ________.
3 Which of the following is nearest(closest) in meaning to “…”?
4. The word “…” in the passage means ________.
5. “…” is ________.
6. The word “…” most likely means ________.

五、 英译汉
一、 考试要求
“英译汉”共5题，每题2分，共10分。内容从阅读理解部分4篇文章中每篇确定1
至2题，每题含1-2句。考试时间为15分钟。
二、 应试注意事项
1．透彻理解原文
2． 分析考点

三、 解题技巧
1． 直译
She is an easy-going woman. She always throws her cares to the winds.

2． 引申
（1）具体译法 （抽象→具体）
Popular rejoicing will go on for a week throughout the country.
（2）抽象译法 （具体→抽象）
Every life has its roses and thorns.

3． 褒贬
（1）带感情色彩的词
He was a man of high fame.
His notoriety as a rake did not come until his death.
（2）中性词
They predicted the youth would have a bright future.
The subject for discussion was the future of Rommel and his Africa Corps.

4． 转换
（1）词义转换
It is an electronic revolution of sorts, made possibly by the marriage of television and computer technologies.
（2）词性转换
The government called for the establishment of more technical schools.
My suggestion is that he should quit smoking at once.
Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk.
There must be less empty talk and more hard work.
I am no drinker, nor smoker.
I am an amateur actor. He is a better player than I.
The next news bulletin, shorter than usual, made no mention of the demonstration.

Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty.
What are you after?

He is grateful to his neighbours for help in time of trouble.

She opened the window to let fresh air in.

The camel is characterized by the ability to go for long periods without water.
To them, he personified the absolute power.
The subjective response to noise varies greatly among individuals.

The laser beam can be aimed accurately and its intensity can be so well controlled.

The new contract would be good for 10 years.

Movie pictures remain a favorite form of entertainment despite the popularity of television.
She is a real beauty.

What he said is sheer nonsense.
In science and engineering, it is of great importance to state the laws and principles accurately.
The new mayor earned some appreciation by courtesy of coming to visit the city poor.
The boy is physically healthy and mentally sound.

The average temperature in summer is as high as 35℃. One can not be pleasant living in that place.
There is a need for improvement in your study habits.
Much progress has been made in computer science in less than a century.
In his composition he made few spelling mistakes.
Don’t you see it was just in fun? You got it all wrong.

Now we have shown their story to be false.
At the slightest improvement in my work they would show warm approval.
There’s something that you don’t know.
While I sympathize, I can’t really do very much to help.
This machine is simple in design, yet it is efficient in operation.
Besides that the teacher explained the theory, he gave the students a lot of examples.
5． 增补
After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco.
Mary washed for a living after her husband died of illness.
The lion is the king of animals.
The plane twisted under me, trailing flame and smoke.
Theory is something, but practice is everything.
After the football match, he’s got an important meeting.
A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.
Many of the TV programs are excellent and have brought unusual talent into millions of homes.
Having been located, the short circuit can be put right.
I major in English, Tom in German and John in Spanish.
Don’t take it seriously. I’m just making fun of you.

6． 省略
We live and learn.
China has been famous for its porcelain from ancient times. It is no wonder that “china” has become the word for porcelain.
He put his hands into his pockets and then shrugged his shoulders.
Such books poison the minds of the young.
The girls get away from work at 5 p.m.
Let’s meet at the station.
Promote physical culture and build up the people’s health.
Never get on or off the bus before it comes to a standstill.
It must be snowing, for it is bright outside.
If winter comes can spring be far behind?
There was no snow, but the leaves were gone fro the trees, the grass was dead.
Applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.

7． 重复译法
Let us revise our safety and sanitary regulations.
For a good ten minutes, he cursed me and my sister.
Happy families also had their own troubles.
He was proficient both as a flyer and as a navigator.
I was very tired --- so tired that I could hardly keep my eyes open.
There had been too much publicity about her case.

8． 正反译法
Do you know why she is always trying to avoid you?
The first bombs missed the target.
Her husband hates to see her stony face.
This problem is above me.
The plane had taken off before we arrived the airport.
The decision has to come.

The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations.
All the articles are untouchable in the museum.
Law is no respecter of persons.
The significance of these incidents wasn’t lost on us.

六、完形填空
测试的要点：
词汇方面的语义辨析和搭配
语法结构方面的固定搭配
语篇衔接
　　1、词汇方面
主要考查实义词，如名词、形容词、动词、副词。
对名词的测试要点 主要是同义词和反义词辨义。
对形容词的测试要点 是形容词做定语、表语，形容词最高级和比较级等。
对动词的测试要点 是短语、惯用语及虚拟语气。
副词的考查内容 包括各类副词（地点副词、时间副词、方式副词、程度副词、连接副词和疑问副词）。

2、语法结构方面
  对语法结构的考查集中在　
1）虚拟语气； 
2）定语从句（连接词，限定与非限定定语从句的区别，定语从句与其它主从复合句的区别）； 
3）状语从句； 
4）非谓语动词(动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词，动名词)；
5）主谓搭配一致 (时态，语态，语气，人称，数)； 
6）并列句，省略句，倒装句及割裂的复杂句子 ；
7) 逻辑主语(主要是非谓语动词的逻辑主语)，在句法上不是主谓关系，但在语义上为施动者与动作的关系；
8)词类之间的搭配要求，如名词需要形容词，名词，冠词，非谓语动词，词组及定语从句修饰；动词需要副词词组修饰；及物动词后应加宾语等。
3、语篇方面
   语篇主要考查学生从宏观角度理解全篇文章的能力，它包括理解文章的逻辑关系，掌握文章的中心意思，利用上下文复现和同现的信息确定正确答案。
文章的逻辑关系主要指是句际之间的逻辑关系。句际之间的逻辑关系主要包括：
表示列举的连词：first, second, third…;firstly, secondly, thirdly…; first, next, then…; in the first place, in the second place…; for one thing, for another thing…;to begin with, to conclude…
表示原因的连词：because, since, as, now that…
表示结果的连词：so, therefore, thus, hence, accordingly, consequently, as a result
表示让步和转折的连词：however, nevertheless, nonetheless, still, though, yet, in spite of, at any rate, in any case, whoever, whatever
表示对照的连词：on the contrary, in contrast, by contrast, in comparison, by comparison, conversely
表示补充的连词：also, further, furthermore, likewise, similarly, moreover, in addition, whats more, too, either, neither, not…but…, not only…but also…
表示时间顺序的连词：when, while, as, after, before, since, until, as soon as, once
表示目的的连词：that, so that, lest, for fear that
表示条件的连词：if, suppose, unless, in case, so (as) long as, so far as, on condition (that), provided (that)
   语篇复现的信息包括
原词复现，同义词、反义词复现，上义词下义词复现，概括词复现，代词复现等。
语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象，如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现，

步骤一：了解大意
　　所谓了解大意即通读整篇文章。文章开头的一、两句话都是完整的信息，这些句子揭示文章的背景知识或主题思想。
　　步骤二：初选答案
　 步骤三：寻找线索
　　必须要从整篇文章入手，通篇考虑，结合上下文答案，寻找线索。
　　步骤四：回头补缺
　　步骤五：核实答案

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