英语名词语法复习市公开课一等奖百校联赛优质课金奖名师赛课获奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。,语法专题（一）,名 词,1/26,专有名词,主要是指人名、地名或某类人或事物,名称，如,Beijing,，,China,等。,普通名词,是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念,名词，如：,book,，,sadness,等。,名词,2/26,专有名词,(Proper Nouns),普通名词,(Common Nouns),个体名词,(Individual Nouns),集体名词,(Collective Nouns),物质名词,(Material Nouns,),抽象名词,(Abstract Nouns),不可数名词,(Uncountable Nouns),可数名词,(Countable Nouns),3/26,个体名词,和,集体名词,能够用数目来计算，称为,可数名词,（,Countable Nouns,），物质名词和抽象名词普通无法用数目计算，称为,不可数名词,（,Uncountable Nouns,）。,4/26,Proper Nouns:,指人名、地名及一些人和事物专有名称,Eg:Diana;Beijing;Americans;English;May;New Years Day,注意：,专有名词第一个字母要大写,5/26,Common Nouns,：,一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念名词,1.,Individual Nouns:,指作为个体而存在,人或东西,能够指详细人或物。,Eg:aunts;a panda;apartments,也可指抽象东西。,Eg:a year;fairy tales;a dream,6/26,2.,Collective Nouns:,表示若干个个体组成集合体,Eg:army;audience;crew;family;team;police;government;public,集体名词有时作单数对待，有时作复数看。普通来说，视为整体时作单数看，突出它组员时作复数看。,His family _ not large,.(be),Cf:His family _ all music lovers.(be),有些集体名词后单复数动词都能够用，没什么差异。,Eg:The audience was(were)excited by the show.,is,are,7/26,有少数集体名词通惯用作单数。,Eg:The gang is being hunted by the police.,Our company is sending him to work in Berlin.,个别集体名词则多作复数对待。,Eg:The police are looking for him.,8/26,3.,Material Nouns,:,指无法分为个体物质。,Eg:beer;cake;cloth;cotton;detergent;fur;ice;paint;paper;soil,普通来说，物质名词是不可数，因而没有复数形式。但有一些特殊情况：,1),有些物质名词可用作可数名词，表示“一份”、“一杯”、“一个”,Eg:Two strong black coffees,please.,(,两份）,Three beers,please.,(,三杯）,It was a special tea.,(,一个）,2),个别物质名词复数形式能够表示尤其意义。,Eg:rains,（雨季）,sands,（沙滩）,snows(,积雪）,waters(,海域,),9/26,4.,Abstract Nouns,:,表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,Eg:education;love;policy;trust;nature;fashion;relief;silence;truth,etc.,多数情况下，这种名词惯用于单数形式，不加任何冠词。,Eg:Hes learning French for,fun.,I wish you good,luck,.,抽象名词转化为可数名词,。,Failure,is the mother of,success失败与成功在此为抽象概念）,As a teacher,she is,a success,but as a mother,she is,a failure,because she devotes little time to looking after her child.,(,成功者，失败者，可数,),10/26,名词数,不可数名词,普通没有单复数之分，它包含,抽象名词、物质名词和专有名词。比如：,health,advice,glass,wood,English,America,不可数名词作主语，谓语动词须用单数形式。,11/26,情况,加法,例词,普通情况,以,s,x,ch,sh,结尾词,以辅音,y,结尾词,以辅音,+o,结尾词,以,f,或,fe,结尾词,加,-s,加,-es,去,y,加,-ies,多数加,-es,把,f/fe,改成,ves,Brothers;schools,Buses;watches;dishes*1,Ladies;countries;*2,Heroes;tomatoes*3,Halves;leaves;*4,可数名词,有单、复数之分。可数名词复数形式有以下几个：,12/26,Notes:,*1:stomach,stomachs,*2:,以元音,+y,或以专有名词,+y,结尾名词，直接在词尾加,-s.,Eg:boys;toys;Henrys,*3:,以元音,+o,eg:videos;studios,以,oo,结尾,eg:zoos;bamboos;kangaroos,一些外来词,(,尤其是音乐方面词,),eg:pianos,一些缩写词,eg:kilos;photos;memos,一些专有名词,eg:Eskimos;Filipinos,直接在词尾加,-s.,*4:,以,f/fe,结尾只加,-s,词：,proofs;gulfs;cliffs;roofs;serfs;beliefs;chiefs,handkerchief,（手帕，手绢）,复数形式二者都能够。,13/26,单复数相同情况：,sheep;deer;means;fish;works;species;Chinese;Japanese,以及由汉语音译表示度量衡、货币等单位名词。,Eg:yuan,jiao,fen,jin,mu,只有复数形式情况：,trousers(,裤子,);glasses(,眼镜,);compasses(,圆规,),a pair of,thanks;clothes;remains;goods;people;cattle,14/26,复合名词复数形式：,1.,主体名词变为复数形式：,looker,s,-on;editor,s,-in-chief;son,s,-in-law,2.,两个组成部分皆变为复数：,women doctors;men cooks,*,这种形式第一个名词必须是,man,或,woman,15/26,不规则复数：,1.man,men,Eg:woman women;chairman-chairmen,2.oo,ee,Eg:foot-feet;tooth-teeth;goose-geese,3.+en,Eg:child-children;ox-oxen,4.ouse,ice,Eg:mouse-mice;louse-lice,（虱子）,有些外来词不规则复数形式：,Eg:analys,i,s-analys,e,s;bas,i,s-bas,e,s;thes,i,s-thes,e,s;cris,i,s-cris,e,s,criteri,on,-criteri,a,;phenomen,on,-phenomen,a,;medi,um,-medi,a,16/26,有些名词能够兼作可数名词和不可数名词。,glass(,玻璃,),copper(,铜,),tin(,锡,),paper(,纸,),iron(,铁,),wood(,木头,),gold(,金子,),youth(,青春,),power(,力量,),beauty(,美,),pleasure(,愉快,),relation(,关系）,a glass(,玻璃杯,),a copper(,铜币板,),a tin(,罐头,),a paper(,报纸，证件，论文,),an iron(,熨斗,),a wood树林,),a gold(,金牌,),a youth(,年青人,),a power(,大国,),a beauty(,美人，美东西,),a pleasure(,使人感到愉快事,),a relation(,亲戚）,17/26,英语中有许多对词，一个可数，一个不可数。,a poem(,一首诗,),a machine(,一台机器,),a job(,一件工作,),a laugh(,一个笑声,),a permit(,许可证,),a garment(,一件衣裳,),a bag(case)(,一件行李,),a loaf(,一只面包,),a hair(,一根头发,),poetry(,诗歌总称,),machinery(,机器总称,),work(,工作,),laughter(,笑声,),permission(,允许,),clothing(,衣裳总称,),luggage,baggage(,行李,),bread(,面包,),hair(,头发,),18/26,几个名词特殊使用方法,hair,_.,（他头发是白。）,_.,（他有几根白头发。）,His hair is white,He has a few grey hairs,fruit,The,fruit,is sweet.,He likes pears,peaches,grapes and other,fruit,s.,19/26,police,The police _ searching for the murderer.,were,dozen,score,two,(many,several),dozen,pencils,three _ them/these pencils,dozens of,students,two,score of,students,scores of,people,dozen of,word,（消息，通知）,man,（人类），前面不加冠词，也不用复数形式，谓语用单数。,20/26,名词格,全部格形式：,普通名词全部格在后面加,s,，如：,Marys book,以,s,结尾复数名词全部格在后面仅加，如：,Teachers Day,the students reading-room,以,s,结尾专有名词全部格，如：,Engelss works,或,Engels works,21/26,s,结尾全部格形式多用于有生命东西名词。但有时其它名词也能够，如：,todays newspaper,fifteen minutes ride,等与时间相关名词。,凡不能加,s,组成全部格名词，都能够与,of,结成短语，来表示全部格关系。就是有生命东西名词也可如此，尤其是当这个名词有较长定语时。如：,Do you know the name of the girl standing at the gate?,22/26,一个名词全部格所修饰词，假如前面已经提到，往往能够省略，防止前后重复。如：,This is not my pen,but,Marys,.,有时一些,s,结尾全部格形式能够表示地点，如某人家或店铺、教堂等：,We can meet at,Marys,.,He went to,his sisters,for dinner yesterday.,I had the dress made at,the tailors,at the corner of the street.,Last week we visited,St.Pauls,.,23/26,属格,形式,应用场所,举例,用在表示有生命名词后,Tom and Mikes room(两人共有),Toms and Mikes rooms(两人分别全部),用在时间名词后,three weeks leave,todays paper,s,属格,用在距离,长度名词后,twenty miles journey,用在地点名词后,Chinas industry,用在天体名词后,the earths surface,用在价格名词后,a dollars worth,of,属格,用在表无生命事物名词后,the door of our classroom,双重,属格,名词前有,a,some,any,few,no,several,等词修饰时,a friend of my brothers,several classmates of his,24/26,名词全部格,(The Possessive Case of Nouns),some patterns:,Ill take the risk,for friendships sake.,She was,at her wits end,.,Now they could sing,at their hearts content,.,We should get the children,out of harms way,.,We had best keep them,at arms length,.,For goodness sake,stop arguing.,Jane got,the moneys worth,out of the coat.,(,为了情谊）,（黔驴技穷）,（尽情地）,（不受损害）,（保持距离,）,（看在上帝份上）,（很合算）,25/26,名词在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语、补语等。,名词作定语时，需注意：,an enemy soldier,several _,a boy student three _,a man teacher three _,a woman doctor three _,_,（一家鞋店）,名词在句子中作用,enemy soldiers,boy students,men teachers,women doctors,a shoe store,26/26,