英语四级作文写作技巧29336省名师优质课赛课获奖课件市赛课一等奖课件.ppt

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢。本资料仅供参考，不能作为科学依据。谢谢,大学英语四级写作技巧,Lecture of Writing,第1页,一、考评要求,四六级大学英语写作考试时间均为30分钟，分值占总分15%。,四级要求考生写出一篇不少于120词短文，试卷上可能,给出题目，或要求情景，或要求看图作文，或给出段首句要求续写;或给出关键词要求写成短文。,要求能够正确表示思想，意义连贯，无重大语法错误。写作内容包含日常生活和普通常识。短文写作部分目标是测试学生利用英语书面表示思想初步能力。,第2页,二、大学英语四级作文评分标准及标准,首先，,卷面一定要清楚、洁净、整齐,。不要乱涂乱画，若有删节，在文字中间画道横线,第二，段落按要求写，要求写几段就写几段。普通情况下，,中间一段长，开首段和结尾段较短,，让人第一感觉就是内容充实。,第三，,开好头，结好尾,。,第四，,按要求字数写，能够比要求字数稍微多一点。,字数少了给人感觉是缺乏内容，字数太多了，文章显得繁琐，分数会受影响。,Global Scoring,第3页,详细评分标准：2分条理不清，思绪紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子都有错误，但多数为严重错误。,5分基本切题。表示思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多严重语言错误。,8分基本切题。有些地方表示思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。,11分切题。表示思想清楚、文字连贯，但有少许语言错误。,14分切题。表示思想清楚、文字通顺，连贯性很好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错误。,只写一段者：04分；只写两段者：09分,第4页,部分考生在见到作文题，感到很对自己胃口，以为有很多内容要写。千言万语涌上心头，写着前一句想着后一句。往往前句还未写完便接上了后一句，写了一大堆犹觉余意未尽。结果令判卷老师头疼不己，无法继续往下看。,意识流创作有两种表现：,自由分段,语言杂乱,三、英语写作问题与对策,一、“意识流”式写作,第5页,我们不妨把作文要求量化到每一个段落：一篇120词左右作文普通,不超出12句话,，把这12句话依据题目要求分配到各段中去，每一段大约只说那么几句话，绝不多说。,实际上往往是,说得越多，错误越多,。所以，跟着提要走，每一段不要写得太多，,点到为止，见好就收,，这才是最稳妥对策。,对策:,第6页,7,二、语言大于内容,很多考生非要想出一个观点，想出一个理由，想出一个办法，非要显得与众不一样。陷入这种境地考生，显然犯了一个根本性错误。作文应该在25分钟之内完成，再用几分钟时间检验语言错误。,不论原因也好，办法也好，都不是判卷老师所重视。要求式作文拓展空间原来就非常有限，所以绞尽脑汁构思内容是没有必要。,第7页,8,对策：,写作三个角度：,语言第一位,结构第二位,内容第三位,要求：,结构简单，语言卓越，内容只要相关即可,第8页,9,三、用词贫乏，句式单一,许多考生作文错误倒不多，相当符合语法要求，但用词贫乏，过多使用如more and more,I think,as you know等表示，而且句子结构过于简单。,统计结果表明，,差作文中简单句多，而好作文简单句少,；,差作文从句、连词、分词结构出现频率大大低于好作文,；,差作文中关键词和同义表示出现频率低于好作文,。用词丰富和句式多样应该主要经过多看好文章，仔细琢磨好文章中用词和句子来提升。换句话说，也就是要从阅读中学习写作。,第9页,10,对策:少用垃圾词汇,垃圾词汇:,helpful,经典例句:Sth is helpful(to sb),替换语 conducive有利于 e.g Sth is conducive to sb,垃圾词汇:,think,经典例句:i think-,替换语deem，harbor the idea that,垃圾词汇:,because,经典例句:xxx because xxx,替换语 in that/in as much as,垃圾词汇:,about,经典例句:it is about 250 times of that,替换语 it is approximately-,垃圾词汇:,if,替换语provided，supposing,第10页,Compare the Following Sentences,We,should,use,different,ways,to get to know the society.,We,ought to,make use of,various,methods,to get to know the society.,We,are supposed to,take advantage of,diverse,means,to get to know the society.,第11页,12,四级考生在措词方面存在问题：,1、可供“调遣”词汇量贫乏，局限于中学词汇。,比如，我们一提到“,主要,”,大多数同学首先会想到“,important,”这个单词,它以下同义词：,significant,vital,crucial,critical,，etc,第12页,13,2、表示相近意义时，常重复用一个词，用词单调。,比如，我们一提到“,大,”,大多数同学首先会想到“,big,”这个单词,它以下同义词：,great,large,huge,vast,enormous,etc.,四级考生在措词方面存在问题：,第13页,14,策略,1、调动大学期间学过更生动，更丰富词汇。,Eg.引发、造成,Cause,lead to,result in,bring about,give rise/birth to,第14页,15,2、用详细，生动，有针对性词语。,Eg.利用,Use,make use of,make(good,effective,wide,wise,full)use of sth,take(full)advantage of,策略,第15页,16,3、文中如需要屡次表示同一词义时，以同义词，近义词等防止重复使用同一词。,Eg.适应,Adapt to,adjust to,makefit,get used to,be accustomed to,策略,第16页,1.,people,persons,替换词:individuals,characters,folks,2.,good,替换词:positive,favorable,rosy(美好)，promising(有希望)，perfect,pleasurable,excellent,outstanding,3.,bad,替换词:dreadful,unfavorable,poor,adverse(有害)假如 bad 做表语，能够有 be less impressive 代替,24个经典替换词,第17页,18,eg.An army of college students indulge themselves in playing games,enjoying romance with girls/boys or killing time passively in their dorms.When it approaches to graduation,as a result,they find their academic records,are less impressive,.,24个经典替换词,第18页,24个经典替换词,4.,many,替换词:an army of,an ocean of,a sea of,a multitude of,many,if not most.Eg.Many individuals,if not most,harbor the idea that.,5.,some,替换词:,a slice of,quiet a few,several,6.,thing,替换词:,affair,business,matter,第19页,20,7.,think,替换词:harbor the idea that,take the attitude that,hold the view that,it is widely shared that,it is universally acknowledged that,8.,common,替换词:shared,9.,get much benefit,替换词:reap huge fruits,10.,in my opinion,替换词:for my part,from my own perspective,24个经典替换词,第20页,11.,more and more,替换词:increasingly,growing 当修饰名词时用 increasing/growing.,修饰形容词，副词用 increasingly,注意没有growingly 这种形式.,Eg.,sth has gained growing popularity.,sth is increasingly popular.,12,helpful,替换词:benefitial rewarding,13.,very,替换词:,exceedingly,extremely,24个经典替换词,第21页,14.,cause,替换词:give rise to,lead to,result in,trigger,15.,reasons for sth,替换词:there are several reasons behind sth,16.,want,替换词:desire,17.,pay attention to,替换词:pour attention into,18.,remember,替换词:bear in mind that,24个经典替换词,第22页,23,19.,sb be interested in sth,替换词:sth appeals to sb,sth exerts a tremendous fascination on sb,20.,attract ones attention,替换词:capture ones attention,21.,have,替换词:enjoy,possess,24个经典替换词,第23页,24,22.,communication,替换词:,interaction,23.,be against,disagree with sth,替换词：frown on sth,24.,for example,替换词：to name only a few,as an example,24个经典替换词,第24页,25,善用词组,假如我们能够在单词基础上，深入想到与之同义词组，那么文章就会显得与众不一样，更含有英语味道。,比如上面所说“主要”这个单词，当我们想到important时候，假如从语法角度再稍加考虑一下，我们会想到“,be of importance,”。因为，语法中要求：形容词等于of加这个形容词名词形式。,假如再提升一步，我们还学过一个惯用词组“,play an important role in-,-”。,四级写作中怎样造句,第25页,26,句型多样,简单句，并列句和复合句交替使用，灵活使用各种句子结构如：,插入语，倒装句，强调句，非谓语动词，疑问句,等。,若要写好作文，要写好句子，首先要掌握句子结构和句式改变及句子类型，可经过对泛读课文经典句子背诵提升应用语言基本句型能力。,Imitation is a good way to learn.,第26页,27,适当用代替主动，这么能更客观反应事实,句子开头不要总是用we/I(比如不用,we should pay attention to,而用,Attention should be paid to.,),In a word,the local government should take effective measures to solve the problem.,It is,therefore,high time that some applicable approaches were implemented by the local government like that.,被动句以及倒装句,第27页,近些年媒体曝光了很多食品安全问题,Over the past couple of years，several cases of the food scandal have been disclosed on various media.,应采取及时和严格办法来阻止某一趋势,Prompt and strict measures should be taken to turn back this evil trend.,五分之一学生拥有信用卡而且数字还在上升,Indeed，one out of five students is estimated to be in possession of at least one credit card，and the figure is expected to be on the steady increase.,被动句以及倒装句,第28页,29,写作“四化”：,a.语言准确化,b.语言多样化,c.结构清楚化,d.内容简单化,第29页,主题提要写作,写作部分,Limiting The Use of Disposable Plastic Bags,1.一次性塑料袋曾被广泛使用,2.造成问题,3.限制使用意义,3 paragraphs,More than 120 words,Topic sentences,第30页,Disposable plastic bags were once widely used in China.,When we went shopping at supermarkets and departments stores,shopping assistants,often provided free plastic bags,for our convenience,.For a while,life without them seemed,unimaginable,for most of us.,However,disposable plastic bags do bring severe damage to our environment.,Costumers usually threw them away after use,and because they are thin and hard to,decompose,these plastic products will exist for a long time.This is an,immediate threat,to our earth and water.,Nowadays,the government has passed relevant regulations for limiting the use of disposable plastic bags:they are not free any more.,In some shopping places,in order to,invoke the public awareness,of environmental protection,plastic bags,are offered,in a much higher price.As a result,people are changing their behavior:paper and clothing bags that,vanished,for a long time come back to our daily life.It is true that by limiting its usage,everyone in this society,contributes some effort,to the improvement of the environment.,第31页,Recentlythe problem of has aroused peoples concern.,Internet has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.It has brought a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.,Recently the issue of the problem of/the phenomenon of.has been brought into focus.,Inflation/Corruption/Social inequality.is yet another of the new and bitter truth we have to learn to face now/constantly.,Beginning,第32页,Peoples views on vary from person to person.Some hold that.However,others believe that.,Attitudes towards(drugs)vary from person to person.,There are different opinions among people as to People may have different opinions on,Different people hold different attitudes toward(failure).,Different opinions,第33页,As far as something is concerned,.,It was obvious that,It may be true that,but it doesnt mean that,It is natural to believe that,but we shouldnt ignore that,There is no evidence to suggest that,Incorrect opinions,第34页,From my point of view,it is more reasonable to support the first opinion rather than the second.,I cannot entirely agree with the idea that,Personally,I am standing on the side of,I sincerely believe that,In my opinion,it is more advisable to do than to do.,Finally,to speak frankly,there is also a more practical reason why,Your opinions,第35页,This phenomenon exists for a number of reasons.,Why did?For one thing For another.Perhaps the primary reason is,I quite agree with the statement that the reasons are chiefly as follows.,The reasons,第36页Here are some suggestions for handling,The best way to solve the troubles is,People have figured out many ways to solve this problem.,Solutions,第37页,The primary reason is/to begin with/to start with/In the first place,besides/furthermore/in addition/whats more,last but not least；,Previously,simultaneously,eventually；,For one thing,for another,On one hand,on the other hand,Sequence,第38页,Taking all these factors into consideration,we naturally come to the conclusion that,Taking into account all these factors,we may reasonably come to the conclusion that,Hence/Therefore,wed better come to the conclusion that,There is no doubt that(job-hopping)has its drawbacks as well as merits.,All in all,we cannot live without But at the same time we must try to find out new ways to cope with the problems that would arise.,Conclusion,第39页,It is high time that we put an end to the(trend).,It is time to take the advice of and to put special emphasis on the improvement of,There is no doubt that enough concern must be paid to the problem of,Obviously,.If we want to do something,it is essential that,Only in this way can we,It must be realized that,Suggestions,第40页,Obviously,if we dont control the problem,the chances are that will lead us in danger.,No doubt,unless we take effective measures,it is very likely that,It is urgent that immediate measures should be taken to stop the situation.,Prediction of result,第41页,