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1、非谓语动词 一． 动词不定式 1. 动词不定式组成: to + 动词原形（这里to是不定式符号, 本身无词义） 否定: not+ (to +) 动词原形 2. 动词不定式句法功效 功效 例句 说明 主语 To speak English is not easy for us. = It is not easy for us to speak English. 作主语用不定式, 常常见it作形式主语, 而把不定式放在后面, 其结构为:It+be+adj.+(for/of sb.)+动词不定式 表语 My work is to cle
2、an the room every day. = To clean the room every day is my work. 多数情况下, 不定式作表语, 可转换为作主语 宾语 —What sports does he like to play? — He likes to play basketball. 只能作一些动词宾语, 通常不做介词宾语 宾补 My mother made me play the piano all the time. 在make, let, see, hear, watch等使役动词后, 不定式省略to 定语 Have you got
3、anything to say? 不定式做定语, 要放在所修饰词后面 状语 I’m sorry to trouble you. 不定式作状语, 其逻辑主语要和句子主语一致 1.to do 作主语常见it 作形式主语 例: To learn English well is useful. → It is useful（for us）to learn English well. 注意: 在kind, good, nice, clever等表示人品质形容词后, 不用for而用of. 2.部分表示命令, 计划或期望动词后只接动词不定式作宾语: would li
4、ke, like（想要）, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, except等。 例: Would you like too see a film this evening? 3.在find, think后跟动词不定式作宾语时, 常见it替换, 而将真正宾语放在句末。 例: I find it easy to read English every day. 4.常见部分不带to 动词不定式作宾语 Why not do ……, why don’t you do…, had better (not) do…, would rater do…, could/
5、 would/ will you please (not) do… 例: I would rather stay in the room. 5.部分使役动词和感官动词用不定式作宾语, 但to要省略。 一感（fell）、 二听（hear, listen to）、 三让（let/ make/ let）、 四看（look at, see, watch, notice）、 五帮助（help）,但变为被动语态是必需加上to. 例: My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss. 6.不定式常和疑问词what,which
6、when,where,how连用, 相当于一个宾语从句。 二． 动名词 1. 动名词组成: 动词原形+-ing 2. 动名词句法功效 功效 例句 说明 主语 Eating too much is bad for your health. 谓语动词用单数形式 宾 语 动词 宾语 I like playing basketball very much. 表示通常习惯或抽象行为或常常性动作 介词 宾语 Stamps are used for sending letters. 表语 His hobby is collecting stamp
7、s= Collecting stamps is his hobby. 多数情况下, 动名词作表语可装换成做主语 定语 She is in the reading room. 只表明它所修饰词用途、 所属关系等。至置于所修饰词之前 常跟动名词作宾语词: 完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy） 继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up） 考虑提议不禁想（consider, suggest, can’t help,
8、 feel like） 喜爱思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind） 三． 分词 1. 组成: 动词+ -ing 动词 + -ed 2. 分词句法功效 功效 例句 说明 定语 Do you know the girl standing under the tree? Please hand in your written exercise. 现在分词作定语, 其逻辑主语就是它所修饰词; 过去分词作定语, 其逻辑宾语就是它所修饰词。 状语 The students went out of
9、the classroom, talking and laughing. Seen from the hill, out school looks more beautiful. 分词逻辑主语是句子主语 表语 The situation is encouraging. The boy is too frightened to move. 现在分词表示主语性质、 特征; 过去分词表示某种状态（也就是我们常说人用-ed, 物用-ing.） 补足语 Don’t keep us waiting for a long time. I heard him singing in th
10、e classroom. He’ll have his hair cut after school. 现在分词作补足语, 被补足宾语或主语是它逻辑主语（即主动关系）; 过去分词作补足语, 被补足宾语或主语是它逻辑宾语（即被动关系） 四． 易混清单 1. 动词后接不定式和动名词区分 stop to do sth. 停下来去做 stop doing sth. 停止做 remember to do sth. 记住要做某事（动作未发生） remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事（动作已发生） forget to do sth. 忘
11、记做某事（动作未发生） Forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（动作已发生） try to do sth. 努力去做某事 Try doing sth. 试着去做某事 go on to do sth. 做完一件事, 接着去做另一件事 go on doing sth. 继续不停地做某事 allow doing sth. 许可做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 许可某人做某事 regret to do sth. 对要做事感到遗憾（未做） Regret doing sth. 对做过事感到遗憾, 后悔（已做） mean to do
12、sth. 计划, 想做某事 mean doing sth. 意味着做某事 二． 现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语区分 我们常见动词有see, watch, notice, hear, feel, have等, 它们接不带to动词不定式作宾补, 表示已经完成了常常性动作; 接现在分词做宾补, 表示动作正在进行着。 例: I heard him singing in the classroom. (“唱”这个动作正在进行) I heard him sing in the classroom. (“唱”这个动作已经结束) 三． Need, requir
13、e, want 做“需要”解时, 后加动名词主动式等于加不定式被动式。 例: The window needs cleaning. →The window needs to be cleaned. want to be done=want doing need to be done=need doing require to be done=require doing 四． 现在分词与过去分词区分 1. 在语态上, 现在分词表示主动, 过去分词表示被动（修饰人用-ed, 修饰物用-ing）。 例: the surprising news 令人惊讶消息 a sur
14、prised man 一个感到惊讶人 2. 在时间上, 现在分词表示正在进行动作, 过去分词表示已近完成动作。 例: the developing country 发展中国家 the developed country 发达国家 五． 注意下列“to” 是介词, 不是动词不定式。 make (a) contribution(s) to 为……作贡献 devote to 献身, 致力于…… look forward to 期盼, 期望 prefer ……to……二者间更喜爱…… be used to … 习惯…….;适应……
15、 1. Granny often tells us ______ water in our daily life. A. save B. saving C. to save D. saves 2. Richard turned off the computer after he had finished ______the email. A. write B. to write C. writing D. wrote 3. Before going to the History Museum, our teacher told us ______ the
16、 public rules. A. obey B. to obey C. obeying D. obeyed 4. James, I’m too tired. Let’s stop ______ a rest. A. having B. have C. to having D. to have 5. —We can use QQ to chat with other on the Internet. — Really? Will you please show me ______it? A. how to use B. what to use C. how
17、 can I use D. what can I use 6. —Where’s your brother now, Bob? — I saw him ______in the street a moment ago and I told him ______. A. playing; don’t do so B. playing; not do so C. play; to do so 7. —Hi, Steve! Our teachers told us______ an electric bike. It’s too dangerous. — I’m sorry.
18、I won’t do it again. A. to ride B. not ride C. not to ride 8. As teenagers, we’re old enough ______ with housework. We can help set the table, wash the dishes and clean our own rooms. A. to help B. helping C. helped 9. —Mary dances best in our school. — I agree. I’ll never forget ____
19、 her dance for the first time. A. seeing B. to see C. see D. seen 10. Chinese athletes did a great job in the Winter Olympics in Canada. It can encourage post-90s(90后)________. A. work hard B. worked harder C. working harder D. to work hard 11. Don’t forget ____ an umbrella _____you. I
20、t’s going to rain. A. to take; to B. taking; to C. to take; with D. taking; with 12. Nancy is really a hard –working student. We often see her ______ books in the classroom. A. read B. to read C. reads 13. —Are you going to the party______ at Smith’s home this evening? — I will if I am
21、free. A. holding B. held C. to hold D. to be held 14. Mrs. Smith made her students ______ the compositions three times a week. A. write B. to write C. written D. writing 15. Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby ______. A. to stop crying B. stop crying C. to stop to cry D.
22、 stop to cry 16. We have two rooms _____, but I can’t decide ______. A. to live; to choose which one B. lived; choose which one C. to lived in; which one to chose D. live; which one 17. The teacher told the students ______ any food into the computer room. A. not to bring B. not bring C
23、 don’t bring D. bring not 18. At least 300 million people are using QQ ______ by Ma Huateng to chat on line. A. creat B. creates C. creating D. created 19. The teacher asked Ben ______ a difficult question in class. A. answer B. answering C. to answer D. answered 20. Yo
24、u’d better ______ too much time playing computer games. A. don’t spend B. not to spend C. to not spend D. not spend 21. More and more young people are trying to do something ______ the old. A. served B. to serve C. serve D. serves 22. —Is Jack in the library? — Maybe. I saw him
25、 _____ out with some books just now. A. going B. go C. to go D. went 23— Dad, why should I stop ______ computer games? — For your health, my boy, I’m afraid you_______. A. to play; must B. playing; have to C. to play; can D. playing; may 24. — Have you seen the TV play My Ugly M
26、other? — Yes, it’s well worth ______. It’s ______ moving that I’ve seen it twice. A. seeing; too B. to see; enough C. seeing; so D. to see; such 25. Why not ______ your teacher for help when you can’t finish ______ it by yourself? A. ask; write B. to ask; writing C. ask; writing D
27、 asking; writing 26. If people _____ cutting down the forest, they will have nowhere________. A. keep; to live in B. will keep; to live in C. keep; to live D. will keep; to live 27. His parents often encourage him ______ hard. A. work B. working C. to work D. works 28. Last w
28、eek I met my old friend Li Ming but I forgot _______ him for his telephone number. A. ask B. asking C. and ask D. to ask 29. Last weekend I went to the library _______ some books on how to protect environment. A. to borrow B. borrow C. borrowed D. borrowing 30. — How do you feel
29、 when you watch the national flag go up? — It makes me ______ very proud. A. felt B. to feel C. feeling D. feel 31. The boy promised _______ late for school again. A. to not be B. not to be C. not being D. being not 32. It’s very nice______ pictures for me. A. of you do dr
30、aw B. for you to draw C. for you drawing D. of you drawing 33. China will spend about 52 billion yuan ______ new airports and ______ old ones in the west of China in the 11th Five – Year Plan period. (时期) A. repairing; building B. to build; repair C. building; repairing D. to repai
31、r; build 34. There are so many kinds of pens here. I can’t decide ______. A. when to choose B. to choose which C. which one to choose 35. — What about playing football this afternoon, Sam? — I would rather ______ at home than ______ football. it’s too hot outside. A. stay; playing B. s
32、tay; play C. to stay; to play D. to stay; playing 36. It took Li Ming an hour _____ his bike yesterday A.to repair B. repairing C. repaired D. repair 37. It’s important _______ the piano well. A. of him to play B. for him to play C. of him playing D. for him playing 38
33、 My job is _______ you Japanese. A. to teach B. teach C. teaches D. taught 39. The doctor _______ a ______ boy yesterday. A. had saved; dying B. saved; dead C. has saved; dead D. saved; dying 40. Would you mind ______me how ______ English words? A. tell; to remember B. telling; remember C.telling; to remember D. tell; remember 答案: 1—5 CCBDA 6—10 BCAAD 11—15 CADAB 16—20CADCD 21—25 BBBCC 26—30 CCDAD 31—35 BACCB 36—40ABADC
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