英语代词用法归纳.doc

代 词
一、定义与分类
代词是代替名词及起名词作用短语或句子词。代词依照其意思和使用方法可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、相互代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词九类。综观历年高考情况，在这九类代词中，不定代词一直是高考英语重点。

人称代词，物主代词，反身代词使用方法概述
这三种代词都有些人称（一、二、三人称）改变、数（单、复数）改变。其中，人称代词除了这三种改变外，还有格（主格、宾格）改变。
物主代词包含两种形式：形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。尤其注意：形容词性物主代词its没有对应名词性物主代词。
这三种代词形式改变表以下：
人称
单复数
主 格
宾 格
形容词性
物主代词
名词性
物主代词
反身代词
第一人称
单 数
I
me
my
mine
myself
复 数
we
us
our
ours
ourselves
第二人称
单 数
you
you
your
yours
yourself
复 数
you
you
your
yours
yourselves
第三人称
单 数
he
him
his
his
himself
she
her
her
hers
herself
it
it
its
无
itself
复 数
they
them
their
theirs
themselves

二 人称代词使用方法
1) 定义：人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数（单数、复数）与被指代名词一致。
如: Tom is a boy, and he is a student.
Mary is very pretty, and she likes singing.
The boys are students, and they are in the room.
The toy is small. It is Tom's.

2）人称代词句法功效
A) 人称代词有主格和宾语之分：主格用作主语，宾格用作宾语。
B) 人称代词主格形式在在句中作主语和表语。
如: I like music(主语). She is a teacher.(主语) She and I are good friends(主语).
Neither she nor I am student. It might have been she.
——I saw the boys this morning.
——Are you sure it was they(表语)?
C) 人称代词宾格在句子作动词宾语，或者介词宾语。
如：I saw him at the party(宾语). I haven't seen them recently.(宾语)
I bought a book for them.(作介词宾语) =I bought them a book.(间接宾语)

☆注意：
a.在口语中，人称代词主格形式作表语时，经常能够用宾格替换。
如：It can't be he/him. ——Is this Mr. Green? ——Yes, this is he/him.

b. 在口语中，当人称代词用于than, as 之后或用于强调句中被强调时，用主格(较正式)和宾格(较口语化)均能够。如：
He sings better than I/me. You know more than she/her. She is as tall as me(I am).

c. 单独使用人称代词通惯用宾格，即使它充当是主语也是如此。如：
“I like English.” “Me too=I like English too.” “我喜欢英语。”“我也喜欢。”
——Who did it? ——Them.(=They did it)

一、用适当人称代词填空：
1. __________ is my aunt. We often visit ____ ( she )
2. China is a developing country. _________is in the east of Asia. ( its )
3. What day is __________ today?   — __________ is Thursday. (its)
5. I own a blue bike. The red one isn’t __________. ( I )
6. These new houses are so nice. __________are very expensive.(them )
7. The fishermen caught a lot of fish, didn’t __________? ( them )
8. Ling Ling is a girl.____studies in a primary school.______ brother  lives with ____  and helps ____ with______ lessons. ( she )
9. Mike is my classmate. ____ is good at Engliush . ( his )
10. Kate wants a glass of milk. Will you pass it to ____ ? ( she )
11. What’s the weather like today ? ____ is cloudy. ( its )

三、物主代词使用方法
1定义：
物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语，相当于一个形容词，不能单独使用；名词性物主代词则不能用作定语，相当于一个名词词组，能够单独使用，在句中用作主语、宾语、表语、和介词of连用。如：
Here is my dog. Its name is Tom.（形容词性物主代词）
My sister lost her bicycle. （形容词性物主代词）

Is that coffee yours or hers? (名词性物主代词)

2 名词性物主代词句法功效
a. 作主语 如： May I use your pen? Yours works better.
b. 作宾语 如：I love my motherland as much as you love yours.
c. 作介词宾语 如：I am writing with your pen, not with mine.
d. 作表语 如：My life is yours. It's yours. It's yours. 我生命属于你，属于你，属于你。

3 形容词性物主代词使用方法
a) 形容词性物主代词与形容词一起修饰名词时,其次序是:形容词性物主代词+形容词+名词。如:
my new bike 我新自行车 her young son 她年幼儿子
b) 形容词性物主代词所修饰名词能够是单数,也能够是复数。如:
my pen 我钢笔 his books 他书
c) 形容词性物主代词不能单独使用,它后面必须跟名词,即在名词前作定语。如:
这是我钢笔. [误]This pen is my. [正]This is my pen.

d) 当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用冠词a, an或the来修饰名词如:
那是我自行车. [误]That is my a bike. / That is a my bike. [正]That is my bike.

4 当名词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,不能再用指示代词this, that, these或those来修饰名词。如:
他们电脑在这儿。
[误]Their those computers are here.(或Those their computers are here.) [正]Their computers are here.
※注意：
a) 名词性物主代词后不能跟名词，或代词one。它总是单独出现在句中。 如：
The umbrella is mine. He likes my pen. He doesn’t like hers.
b) 名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词
为防止重复使用名词，有时可用“名词性物主代词”来代替“形容词性物主代词+名词”形式。 如：
My bag is yellow, her bag is red, his bag is blue and your bag is pink.
为防止重复使用bag，可写成My bag is yellow, hers is red, his is blue and yours is pink.
c)名词性物主代词在使用方法上相当于省略了中心名词 --'s属格结构. 如：
Jack's cap 意为 The cap is Jack's. His cap 意为 The cap is his.
d) 能够说 a friend of mine (ours, yours, hers, his, theirs)，=one of my friends；不过不能说 a friend of me (us, you, her, him, them)。
e) 有时同一个结构用不用物主代词会造成含义改变。如：
Don’t lose heart. 别气馁 She lost her heart to Jim. 她爱上了吉姆。

二、用形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词填空 
1. I ate all ____ sandwiches yesterday.( I ) Can I have one of ____ ? ( you )
2. George has lost ____ ( his ) pen. Ask Mary if（是否）she will lend him ____ . ( she )
3..Jack has a dog and so have I.____(he)dog and ____( I ) had a fight  (打架).
4. The teacher wants you to return that book of ____ ( he )
5. Mr. and Mrs. Green and a friend of ____ are coming to see us. ( they )
6. We are going to Paris to stay with a French friend of ____ . (we )
7. This isn’t________knife. _________ is green. ( she )
8. These are your books Kate.Put ________in the desk，please.(they )
9. _______ must look after ________ things. ( you )
10. Wei Fang，is that ________ ruler? Yes，it’s.( you )
11. They want a football. Give __________the green one，please. ( they)
12. It’s Lin Tao’s bag. Give it to __________. ( he )
13. Is this pencil-box Li Lei’s? No，_____ is very new. ( he )
14. This box is too heavy. I can’t carry _________. ( it )
　　Don’t worry，Let __________( I ) help __________. ( you)
15. _____is a boy_____ name is Mike.Mikes friends like _____ very much. ( he )
16. My sister is in _____ room. _____ is a teacher. ( she )
17. Jane is a little girl. _____ mother is a nurse. ( she )
18. We are in _____ classroom. _____ classroom is big. ( we)
19. My father and mother are teachers. _____ are busy ( them)
20. You are a pupil. Is _____ brother a pupil, too? ( you )

三. 从括号内选择正确代词填空
1. Your football clothes are on the desk. Please put _________(they，them，their，theirs) away.
2. (We，Us，Our，Ours)_________ English teacher is Mrs. Green. We all like _________(she，her，hers).
3. (I，Me，My，Mine)_________ can’t get my kite. Could you help _________(I，me，my，mine)?
4. Tom can’t get down from the tree. Can you help _________(he，him，his)?
5. We can’t find our bikes. Can you help _________(we，us，our，ours)?
6. These are _________(he，him，his) planes. The white ones are _________(I，me，mine).

四、用括号中适当形式填空
1 Are these ______（you）pencils? Yes, they are ________（our）.
2 Whose is this pencil? —It’s ________（I）.
3 I love ___they）very much.
4 She is________（I）classmate.
5 Miss Li often looks after________（she）brother.
6 Are these ________（they）bags ？
　　—No, they aren’t ________（their）. They are ________（we）.

四、反身代词使用方法
1）定义：如人称代词一致，反身代词人称和数以及性要和它所指代名词或代词一致。
2）反身代词句法功效
反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。用作同位语时，主要用于加强被修饰词语气，可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。如：
He himself was a doctor. (同位语) =He was a doctor himself.
She is too young to look after herself. （宾语） I don't blame you, I blame myself(宾语).
He cut himself when he was cooking.(宾语) That poor boy was myself.（表语）
注意：反身代词用于 be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神所处状态。如：
I'll be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好。 He doesn't feel himself today.
I’m not quite myself these days. 我最近身体不大舒适。
考点：
1. 反身代词在句中通惯用作宾语。表示主语动作承受者或表现特征是自己本身。能跟反身代词作宾语动词常见有teach (教)，hurt (伤害)，dress (穿衣) 等。另外还经常考查反身代词作介词宾语，如by oneself等。
2．反身代词作同位语。 在句中通惯用作名词、代词同位语，以加强名词或代词语气，意思是“本身，亲自”。如： I will do it myself. 我将亲自去做这件事。
3．反身代词固定搭配
常见固定搭配有help oneself to(随便吃)，____________(玩得开心), __________(伤到某人自己), lose oneself in (迷恋，沉醉于)等。

反身代词:
1. Those girls enjoyed ____ in the party last night. A. them B. they C. themselves D. herself
2. Help ____ to some fish, children. A. yourself B. your C. yours D. yourselves
3. The film ____ is very fun. A. it’s B. itself C. it D. its
4. –Who teaches ____ math? –I teach ______.
A. your, my self B. you, myself C. you, me D. you, herself
5. The father will make ____ a bike ____.
A. her, himself B. she, himself C. her, herself D. she, herself 6.
6. The scarf is ____, she made it_____.
A. herself, her B. herself, hers C. hers, herself D. her, herself
7. . Liu Hulan’s death was great. She thought more of others than __. A. her B. she C. hers D. herself
8. Luckily, he didn’t hurt ____ terribly yesterday. A. him B. themselves C. himself D. they
9. I can’t mend my shoe ___. Can you mend it for ___? A. myself, me B. myself, I C. me, I D. I, me
10. I like watching ____ in the mirror. A. me B. I C. my D. myself

五、相互代词使用方法
英语相互代词只有each other和one another，它们在句中通常只用作宾语，不能用作主语或状语等。如：Students should help one another. 学生应该相互帮助。
We have known each other for many years. 我们认识许多年了。
注意：相互代词能够有全部格形式(each other’s, one another’s)。如：
They often stay in one another's house. 他们经常在彼此家里住。
另外，有些人认为 each other用于二者，one another用于三者，但在当代英语中它们常可换用(即均可用于二者或三者)。

六、 指示代词使用方法
1 指示代词分单数（this / that）和复数（these / those）两种形式，既可作限定词又可做代词，比如：
　　 单数　　　　　　　　　　 复数
　　限定词：This girl is Mary.　　Those men are my teachers.
代 词：This is Mary.　　　 Those are my teachers.

2 指示代词句法功效
指示代词主要有四个，即this, that, these 和 those。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
This is my book.(主语) I want that.(宾语) My book is that.(表语) I like that dress.(定语)
注意：
1). 为防止重复，可用 that 和 those 代替前面提到名词。如：
The playground of this school is bigger than that of that school.(that=the playground)
My seat is next to that of the mayor. 我座位在市长座位旁边。

2). 用往返指上文提到事情时，可用this 或 that，不过若要指下文叙述事情，通常要用 this。如： ——She is a beautiful girl. ——Who said that?
I want to know this: Is she beautiful? 我想知道这一点：她美吗?

3). 在打电话时，通惯用 this 指自己，用that指对方：
Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂，我是吉姆，你是约翰吗?

3. 除用作代词外，this 和that 还可用作副词，用以修饰形容词或副词，意为“这么”、“那么”，相当于 so。如： I've done only that much. 我所做就这么多。 Is he always this busy? 他总这么忙吗?

4. 指示代词this, that 和these在作主语时可指物也可指人，但作其余句子成份时只能指物，不能指人。而those作宾语后接定语从句时能够指人。而且只有that、those后面能够跟定语从句。如：
（对）That is my teacher.　那是我老师。（that作主语，指人）
（对）He is going to marry this girl.　他要和这个姑娘结婚。（this作限定词）
（错）He is going to marry this.　（this作宾语时不能指人）
（对）I bought this.　我买这个。this指物，可作宾语）
He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮人。（those指人）
（错） He admired that who danced well.　（that作宾语时不能指人）
（对）He admired that which looked beautiful.　他赞赏外表漂亮东西。

指示代词：
( ) 1 Who's that at the door? ____ is the postman. A. She B. This C. It D. He
( ) 2 -Who's that in the picture? A. It's me B. That's I C. This is a boy D. It's I
( ) 3 -Look, who is coming? -___ must be our English teacher. A. She B. He C. It D. This
( ) 4 Someone is knocking at the door, but who can____ be? A. one B. he C. she D. it
( ) 5 ___ was late summer and the weather was very hot. A. That B. It C. This D. It's
( ) 6 What time is ____ now? A it B. all C. this D: that
( ) 7 ___ a heavy rain last night. A. There had B. We had C. It was D. There is
( ) 8 ___ is 200 kilometres from here to the natural park. We have to go there by car.
A. There B. It C. This D. The place
( ) 9 The man missed the bus. ____ is why he was late for the meeting. A. It B. That C. This D. All
( ) 10 He has to stay at home. ___ he has a bad cold.
A. This is because B. That's why C. So is it D. The reason is
( ) 11 -How many books are there on the table? -Only four.
A. This is all right B. That's all right C. That's right D. It is all right

七、疑问代词使用方法
1. 疑问代词即指who, whom, whose, which, what等用于引出特殊疑问句代词。它们在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。如：
What did she say? 她怎么说?
Which are our seats? 哪些是我们座位?
What are you worrying about? 你为何事烦恼
注意：
1. who和whom 只用作主语、宾语和表语，不用作定语；what, which, whose 则既可用作主语、宾语和表语，也可用作定语。
2. what与 which使用方法区分：当选择范围较明确时，用 which；当选择范围不明确时，用 what。如：Which color do you like, red, black or white? 红色、黑色和白色，你喜欢哪种？
What color is your car? 你汽车是什么颜色？

( ) 1 ____ is the best season of the year? A. When B. What C. Which D. What time
( ) 2 -____ is your sister? -She is a nurse. A. What B. Which C. How D. Who
( ) 3 -___ colour are your new shoes -They are brown. A. Any B. Whose C. Which D. What
( ) 4 -___ is your classmate John like? -He's very tall. A. How B. What C. Who D. Which
( )5 ____has happened and ____ did it? A. Who; who B. What; who C. What; what D. Who; what
( ) 6 Who waiting outside? Please ask them to come in. A. is B. has C. have D. are
( ) 7 -_____ is that man over there? -He's Mr Green. A. What B. Which C. How D. Who
( )8 -___ is the boy standing there? -He is my brother. A. Which B. What C. How D. Who
( ) 9 Who ___ the little American boy over there? A. were B. are C. is D.1 am
( )10 Who___these tall men? A. is B. am C. are D. was
( ) 11 ____ one do you like, the blue one or the red one? A. What B. Which C. That D. This
( ) 12 is bigger? -The yellow one. A. who B. whom C. which D. It
( )13 ___ of you would like to go with us? A. Who B. Which C. All D. Both
( ) 14 -_____ bag is this? -It's Jack's. A. What B. Which C. Whose D. Who's
( ) 15 -___ pencils are these? -They are theirs. A. Which B. Whose C. / D. These
( )16 ___ house is being repaired? A. what B. Where C. Who D. Whose
( ) 17 Please find out ____ he is looking after at home. A. who B. which C. whom D. when
( )18 ____ do you think you should help? A. Whose B. Which C. What D. Whom
( ) 19 He told me ___ he was sent for. A. whom B. that C both D. Where

八、 连接代词使用方法
2. 连接代词主要包含who, whom, what, which, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever, whosever 等，它们在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等（但who, whom, whoever 等不用于名词前作定语），主要用于引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句等。如：
Ask him which he wants. 问他要哪一个。 The question is who can help us. 问题是谁能帮助我们。
What he says sounds reasonable. 他说话听起来有道理。

2. 关系代词型 what 使用方法。
比较以下两句：
I don’t know what you like. 我不知道你喜欢什么。
You can get what you like. 你想要什么就可得到什么。
第一句中 what 表示“什么”；第二句中 what 则具关于系代词性质，相当于“先行词+关系代词”，表示“…所…一切事或东西”，如上面第二句 what就相当于 everything that。顺便说一句，这么用 what 有时还可后接一个名词。如：
We gave him what (little) help we could. 我们给了他我们力所能及帮助。

3. whatever, whoever与whichever使用方法：它们可用于引导主语从句和宾语从句，也可用于引导让步状语从句。如：
Whoever comes will be welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。
Whatever she did was right. 她做一切都是正确。
Whoever you are, you can't enter. 不论你是谁，都不能进去。
Whichever side wins, I shall be happy. 不论哪边赢，我都会高兴。

九、不定代词使用方法
1 定义：不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词代词。
2 种类
英语中不定代词有：some（something，somebody，someone，somewhere），any（anything，anybody，anyone，anywhere）， no（nothing，nobody，no one）， every（everything，everybody，everyone，everywhere），all，each，both，much，many，（a）little，（a）few，other（s），another，none，one，either， neither等。
3 不定代词句法功效
（1）作主语，例：
Both（of us） are right．（我们）两人都对。
Either（of the answers） is correct． 两个回答不论哪一个都对。
Neither（of the answers） is correct．两个回答哪一个都不对。
Is everybody here？ 大家都到了吗？

（2）作宾语，例：
There is room for all of us. 我们全部人全坐得下。
He gave two to each（of them）．他给（他们）每人两个。
I like none of the books．这些书我全不喜欢。
If you have any， give us some．有话，给我们一点。

（3）作表语，例：
That’s nothing． 没什么。
Is that all you want to know? 你想知道就是这些吗？
Thanks， it’s too much for me． 谢谢，太多了。
I’m not somebody，I’m nobody． 我不是主要人物，我是个无名小卒．
That’s really something．那真是一大收获。

（4）作定语，例：
You may take either road． 两条路你走哪条都