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1、自考英语二Unit2 Unit 2 Mistake to Success A Famous Quote Success is going from failure to failure without losing your enthusiasm. ——Winston Churchill 成功就是经历一次一次失败后，热情依旧。 ——温斯顿·丘吉尔 TEXT A Spilt Milk New Words spill （spilt） v. （使
2、洒出，泼出，溢出 respond v. 作出反应，响应 interview v. （媒体）采访；访问; 面试 creative adj. 创造（性）；创作 occur v. 发生；出现 remove v. 移开；拿开；去掉 refrigerator n. 冰箱 grip n. 紧握；紧抓 slippery adj. 滑；滑抓不住（或站不稳，难以行走） content n. 所容纳之物；所含之物 veritable adj. 十足；名副其实；不折不扣 yell v. 喊；大喊；呼啸 lecture n.（冗
3、长）教训，训斥，训斥 mess n. 肮脏；杂乱；不整齐 rarely adv. 罕有；极少；不常 puddle n. 水洼；小水坑 eventually adv. 最终；终于 restore v. 使复原；使复位，使复职 sponge n. 海绵块 effectively adv. 有效 tiny adj. 极小；微小 discover v. 查明；发觉 grasp v. 抓紧；抓牢 lip n. 边，边缘 renowned adj. 有名；闻名；受尊敬 remark v. 谈论；评论
4、opportunity n. 机会；时机 scientific adj. 科学（上）；关于科学 valuable adj. 很有用；很主要；宝贵 Phrases and Expressions in this manner 用这种方式 set …apart from 区分；使与众不一样 重点词汇讲解 spill v. （使）洒出，泼出，溢出 eg: The ink spilt all over the desk. 墨水洒了一桌子。 Who has spilt/spilled the milk? 谁把牛奶泼出来了? 使用方法：
5、 cry over spilt milk 为已经发生而无法补救事悔恨 eg: You've broken it now; it's no use crying over spilt milk! 你现在既已把它损坏了，后悔是没有用! interview v. （媒体）采访；访问 eg: We interviewed 20 people for the job. 为这份工作我们对20人进行了面试。 衍生： inter- 在…之间 internet 互联网 international 国际 interview 面试 -ee 动作受动者
6、 interviewee n. （面试中）受审核者；被接见者；被采访者 employee 雇员，examinee 考生 -er 动作执行者 interviewer n. 主持面试者；接见者；采访者 employer雇主，examiner 考官 re- = again = 再 rename 重命名 replace 代替 remove v. 移开；拿开；去掉 使用方法： ~ sth./sb. （from sth.） eg: remove the dishes （from the table） （从餐桌上）撤去碗碟 res
7、tore v. 使复原；使复位，使复职 使用方法： ~ sb./sth. to sth. eg: restore sacked workers to their old jobs 使被辞退工人复工 remark v. 谈论；评论 使用方法： ~ on/upon sth./ sb. eg: I couldn't help remarking on her youth. 我脱口而出说她那么年轻。 Spilt Milk Have you heard of the story about s
8、pilt milk? Well, we all know there is no use crying over spilt milk. But this story is different. I would hope all parents would respond in this manner. 打翻牛奶 你是否听过打翻牛奶故事?我们都知道为已经打翻牛奶哭泣是没有用。不过这次故事不一样。我希望全部父母都能作出如此回应。 I recently heard a story about a famous research s
9、cientist who had made several very important medical breakthroughs. He was interviewed by a newspaper reporter who asked him why he was so much more creative than the average person; what set him so far apart from others? 最近我听到一个故事，故事主角是一个在医学领域取得多项重大突破著名科学家。在一次报社记者对她采访中，记者问她为何她比普通人更富有创造力，是什么让她如此与
10、众不一样。 He responded that, in his opinion, it all came from an experience with his mother that occurred when he was about two years old. He had been trying to remove a bottle of milk from the refrigerator when he lost his grip on the slippery bottle and it fell, spilling its contents all over the kit
11、chen floor — a veritable (十足) sea of milk! 她回答道，在她看来，这全部源于她两岁时和妈妈一次共同经历。她试图从冰箱里取出一瓶牛奶，却没有抓住光滑瓶子，瓶子掉了，牛奶洒得厨房满地都是——白花花一片。 When his mother came into the kitchen, instead of yelling at him, giving him a lecture, or punishing him, she said, "Robert, what a great wonderful mess you have made! I have r
12、arely seen such a huge puddle of milk. Well, the damage has already been done. Would you like to get down and play in the milk for a few minutes before we clean it up?" 她妈妈走进厨房时，没有对她大吼大叫，没有训斥她或处罚她，而是对她说：“罗伯特，瞧你把地板弄得，多么壮观啊!我几乎从未见过这么大一摊牛奶。噢，既然损失已经造成了，你要不要下来玩一会牛奶我们再清扫?” Indeed, he did. After a few
13、minutes, his mother said, "You know, Robert, whenever you make a mess like this, eventually you have to clean it up and restore everything to its proper order. So, how would you like to do that? We could use a sponge, a towel, or a mop. Which do you prefer?" He chose the sponge and together they cle
14、aned up the spilt milk. 她真在一地牛奶上玩了一会儿。几分钟后，妈妈又说：“罗伯特，你要知道，每次像这么搞得一团糟，最终还是要收拾洁净，让一切恢复原位。所以，你看该怎么清扫好呢?我们能够使用一块海绵、一条毛巾或者一个拖把。你喜欢用哪一个呢?”她选择了海绵，并和妈妈一起把地板上牛奶清扫洁净。 His mother then said, "You know, what we have here is a failed experiment in how to effectively carry a big milk bottle with two tiny hands.
15、Let's go out in the back yard and fill the bottle with water and see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it." The little boy learned that if he grasped the bottle at the top near the lip with both hands, he could carry it without dropping it. What a wonderful lesson! 她妈妈接着对她说
16、你知道，今天我们实际上做了个试验——怎样用两只小手稳妥地端一个大牛奶瓶，可惜我们试验失败了。那我们去后院继续做试验吧，给瓶子里装上水，看看你能不能发觉用什么方法端这个瓶子它不会掉。”于是这个小男孩学会了用双手抓住瓶子上面靠近瓶盖位置，这么端时候瓶子就不会掉。多么美妙一堂课! The renowned scientist remarked that it was at that moment that he knew he didn't need to be afraid to make mistakes. Instead, he learned that mistakes were ju
17、st opportunities for learning something new, which is, after all, what scientific experiments are all about(真谛). Even if the experiment " doesn't work", we usually learn something valuable from it. 这位著名科学家谈论道，正是在那一刻她明白了无需害怕犯错误。相反，她认识到错误正是学习新东西机会，毕竟任何科学试验都是如此。’即使试验“行不通”，我们往往也能从中得到一些宝贵经验。 Wouldn
18、't it be great if all parents would respond （in）the way Robert's mother responded to him? 假如全部家长都像罗伯特妈妈那样对待孩子该有多好啊。 EXERCISES I Check your comprehension 1. This is a story about a famous research scientist who __ __. A）looked smarter than the average person B）was an unordinary boy
19、 when he was young C）became well-known after an interview D）achieved great success in the medical field 【正确答案】D 【答案解析】本题是对这则故事主人公身份事迹考查。我们能够从课文第二段第一句中找到答案——who had made several very important medical breakthroughs，即一个在医学领域颇有成就著名科学家，所以答案为D. 2. Why did he get the milk spilt all over
20、the kitchen floor? A）He failed to remove the bottle and it fell. B）He was too young to carry the heavy bottle. C）He had no confidence in taking the bottle. D）He loosed his grip on the bottle deliberately. 【正确答案】A 【答案解析】本题是对细节考查。我们能够从课文第三段第二句找到答案，he lost his grip on the slippery
21、bottle and it fell, 因为她没有抓住光滑瓶子，瓶子掉了，所以A正确；D项前面说法正确，可是deliberately意为“有意地”，显著不合文意。答案为A. 3. How did his mother respond to his mistake? A）She punished him by making him clean the kitchen. B）She shouted to stop him from doing anything. C）She allowed him to play in the milk first. D）She
22、 taught him how to carry the bottle immediately. 【正确答案】C 【答案解析】本题是综合细节考查题。答案需要阅读第四段全文，归纳得出，问题问是妈妈对她错误反应，从第四段关键词语能够得出，当她妈妈赶到厨房，非但没有朝她喊叫，训斥她或是责罚她，还让她到牛奶堆里玩，所以C为正确答案。答案为C. 4. The mother and the son went out in the back yard to ______. A）find some water to clean the bottle B）find a
23、way to carry the bottle effectively C）search for another bottle to hold the milk D）see how to fill the bottle without dropping it 【正确答案】B 【答案解析】本题着重考查细节。我们首先能够找出提问句子是在文章第六段第二句，答案在其后面，see if you can discover a way to carry it without dropping it，译为“看是否能够找到一个方法来拿住它而不掉下来”，所以正确答案为B.
24、 5. It is said in the passage that mistakes give chances to ______. A）know the truth clearly B）learn something new C）do some experiments D）teach a child a lesson 【正确答案】B 【答案解析】本题是对文章主旨考查。经过阅读文章第七段第二句能够得到答案，即he learned that mistakes were just opportunities for learning something
25、new，译为“她认识到了这些错误正是从中学习新知识机会”。所以B为正确答案。 III Bridging the Gap without fear under unavoidable so that success reach wisely as long as between Lots of people don't dare to make mistakes. They （1）_______ that they will be ridiculed or blamed by others. They fear th
26、at they will lose their money and belongings or be （2）_____a lot of stress. But risks are （3）______ and they do pave the way you must tread upon towards （4）_________. 【正确答案】（1）fear （2）under （3）unavoidable （4）success 【答案解析】（1）联络上下文能够知道，上文译为很多人害怕犯错，下文译为她们被嘲笑责备，由此能够得出，空格处应填入表示害怕意思动词，所以答案为fear.
27、 （2）本题考查动词词组固定搭配。under stress 意为“承受压力，在压力之下”。答案为under. （3）从下文意思能够看出，每个成功人都曾犯过失，所以risk （风险）是不可防止，unavoidable 意为“不可防止”。答案为unavoidable. （4）由空格前半句含义可知，此处应填入toward表示动作行为所向目标地——成功。答案为success. Have you ever heard of someone who achieves success （5）______making any mistakes before? 【
28、正确答案】（5）without 【答案解析】（5）从整句话能够看出，此处只能填入一个介词，引导后面现在进行时态表示伴随状态，只有without 适宜。答案为without. So it is only natural that making mistakes in your effort to （6）______your dreams is considered a must, and you shouldn't worry about that as you may get a lot of advantages out of your mistakes. By maki
29、ng mistakes at least you then can distinguish （7）______the correct and the incorrect portions of what you did. 【正确答案】（6）reach （7）between 【答案解析】（6）to引导不定式做主语，此处应填入能与dream 搭配动词， reach your dreams固定搭配，意为“实现你理想”。答案为reach. （7）此处考查动词固定短语搭配。distinguish between“把……和……区分开”，题中译为“把你做正确部分和错误部分区分开”。答
30、案为between. Anthony D' Angelo said: "In order to succeed you must fail, （8）______you know what to do the next time", and Robert Louis Stevenson even went to the extreme as to say: "Our business in life is not to succeed, but to continue to fail in good spirits." 【正确答案】（8）so that 【答案解析
31、8）此处考查so that使用方法。so that引导目标状语从句时，表示“方便、为了”，从句中常使用can /could /may /might /will /would /should 等情态动词或助动词；引导结果状语从句时，从句中通常不用can和may等词，在so that 前能够用逗号，意思是“所以、所以”。答案为 so that. You needn't worry about anything （9）_______you keep on going by （10）_____ learning from your mistakes and trying even h
32、arder. 【正确答案】（9）as long as （10）wisely 【答案解析】（9）本题考查as long as使用方法。表示on condition that, provided that或if（只要，假如）含义，引导条件状语从句。答案为as long as. （10）由空格处上下文可看出，此处应填入一个副词修饰动词learning，观察备选词，只有wisely 符合，意为“明智地，聪明地”。答案为wisely. IV Translation Section A 1.They are likely to ______________
33、主动回应总统请求）.（respond to） 【正确答案】respond to the President actively/ in an active manner 【答案解析】此处需要翻译是to后面部分，因为to后面只能接动词原形，所以“回应”译为respond to ，“主动”译为actively 或in an active manner，答案为respond to the President actively/in an active manner, 2.He blends right into the crowd of teenagers an
34、d ___________________________ （只是她口音与众不一样）.（set…apart from） 【正确答案】only his accent sets him apart from others 【答案解析】此题考查set…apart使用方法，“与……不一样”，后面跟介词from；he做主语，后面跟两个宾语动词blend to 和set apart；accent是名词，“口音”。答案为only his accent sets him apart from others. 3._______________________ （我从来没有见过这么漂亮落
35、日）.（rarely） 【正确答案】I have rarely seen such a beautiful sunset 【答案解析】本题考查现在完成时态，其由“have/has + 过去分词”组成，表示动作发生在过去，但与现在情况有联络，有时无时间状语，有时和一些表示不确定过去时间状语连用。答案为I have rarely seen such a beautiful sunset. 4.The government is trying to ______________________________________（恢复人们对国家经济信心）.（restore）
36、 【正确答案】restore people's confidence in national economy 【答案解析】restore译为“恢复”。confidence 后面接介词in，意为“对……有信心”。答案为restore people's confidence' in national economy. 5.On several occasions __________（她都谈到了这个男孩进步）.（remark） 【正确答案】she remarked on the boy's progress 【答案解析】此处考查remark 固定词组搭配
37、remark on“谈论；评论”；that 后面引导是名词性从句。答案为 she remarked on the progress that the boy had made. Text B The Cake New Words glance v. 瞥一眼；急忙一看；扫视 touch n. 修饰；润色；装点 frost v. 给（糕饼）覆上糖霜 aesthetic adj. 审美；有审美观点；美学 triumph n.. 巨大成功；伟大胜利 lumpy adj. 多块状物；为块状物覆盖 frosting n. 糖霜（
38、用以装饰糕饼等） blender n. （电动）食物搅拌器 fixings n. [pl.]（菜肴）配料 requisite adj. 必须；必备；必不可少 utensil n. （家庭）用具，器皿 phoenix n. （传说中）凤凰；长生鸟 clutter n. 杂乱东西（尤指不需要或无用）；杂乱 present v. 把…交给；颁发；授予 anniversary n. 周年纪念日 flash n. 闪光；闪耀 position v. 安置；安装；使处于；定位 slide v. （使）快捷而悄声地移动
39、explode v. 突然暴发，迸发（感情）(explosion, explosive) slip v. 悄悄疾行；溜 flip v. 按（开关）；按（按钮） trumpet v. 发出喇叭声 gesture v. 做手势；用手势表示 grandly adv. 骄傲地；自负地 slightly adv. 略微；稍微 off-balance adj. 不平衡；不稳定 layer n. 层；表层 inspection n. 检验；查看；审阅 moan v. 埋怨 interject v. 打断（他人讲话）；插话
40、 gently adv. in a gentle way 温柔地；温和地；和缓地 disaster n. 灾难；不幸；彻底失败 storm v. 气呼呼地疾走 slam v. （使…）砰地关上 silently adv. 悄悄地；静静地 moist adj. slight wet 微湿；湿润 suffer v.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨 occasional adj. 偶然；暂时 issue n. 主要议题；争论问题 significance n. （尤指对未来有影响）主要性，意义 stuff n. 东西，物
41、品，玩意儿 awfully adv. very; extremely 非常；极其 troublesome adj. 令人烦恼；令人痛苦 deserve v. 值得；应得；应受 frustration n. 令人懊丧（或懊恼、沮丧）事物 carpet n. 地毯 emerge v. 露头；显现 dignity n. 自豪；自尊；自重 sanitation n. 卫生 sacrifice n. 牺牲；舍弃 tender adj. 易损坏；纤弱；脆弱 responsibility n. 责任；负责 occasi
42、onally adv. 偶然；偶然；有时候 consequence n. 结果；后果 Phrases and Expressions start from scratch 从头开始；从零开始 run out of 用完；耗尽 stay up 熬夜 重点词汇 explode v. 突然暴发，迸发（感情） 使用方法：~ with/ in/ into sth. eg: He exploded with rage, fury, jealousy, etc. 她勃然大怒﹑ 暴跳
43、如雷﹑ 妒火中烧等 She exploded into loud laughter. 她突然大笑起来。 其它词义： （cause sth. to） burst with a loud noise; blow up （使某物）爆炸；炸开 eg: When the boiler exploded many people were injured. 因锅炉爆炸，许多人受了伤。 衍生 explosive adj. 爆炸性；易爆炸 eg: explosive materials 爆炸材料 explosive n. 爆炸物；炸药 eg:
44、The bomb was packed with high explosive, i.e. a substance that explodes with great force. 这炸弹装有烈性炸药。 explosion n. 激增；爆炸 eg: a population explosion 人口激增 the explosion of oil prices 石油价格急剧上涨 inspection n. 检验；查看；审阅 eg: An inspection was carried out at the school. 学校接收了一次检验。 衍生
45、 inspect v. （a） 检验（某事物） eg: The customs officer inspected my passport suspiciously. 海关官员颇为怀疑地检验了我护照。 （b） 视察（某事物） eg: inspect a school, factory, regiment, etc. 视察学校﹑ 工厂﹑ 团体等 构词 词根 spec, spic, specul = to look, to see 看 expect 期待 inspect 检验 suspect 怀疑 respect 尊敬 despise 轻视
46、spectacle 奇观 spectacular 奇妙 spectator 观众 prospect 前景 suffer v. （因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦，受难，受折磨 使用方法：~ from eg: Do you suffer from （i.e. often have） headaches? 你常头痛吗? 衍生 suffering n. 痛苦 eg: the suffering of the refugees after the war 战后难民痛苦 deserve v. 值得；应得；应受 eg: She deserves a
47、reward for her efforts. 她主动努力，应得到奖赏。 They deserve to be sent to prison. 她们应该入狱。 responsibility n. 责任；负责 使用方法：~ for sb./ sth. eg: take/assume/accept/bear full responsibility for the consequences 对后果负担全部责任 衍生 responsible adj. （在法律上或道义上）须负责任，负担责任 ~ for sb./sth. ； ~ for doing sth
48、 eg: All pilots are responsible for their passengers’ safety. 凡是飞机驾驶员均应对乘客安全负责。 ~ to sb./sth. having to account for one's actions to an authority or a superior 对自己行动向主管者或上级负担责任 eg: be directly/indirectly responsible to the President 直接/间接向总统负责 词类转换 副词词尾-ly adj. + -ly = adv grandl
49、y adv. 骄傲地；自负地 eg: He grandly suggested that we sit down to work out a practical solution. 她派头很大地提议我们坐下来确定一个实际处理方法。 grand adj. 宏伟；壮丽；大；伟大；重大（也用于地名﹑ 建筑物名等） eg: It's not a very grand house, just a little cottage. 那不是深宅大院，只不过是个小农舍。 slightly adv. a little（ 略微，稍微） eg: slightly bigger h
50、ouse 稍大些房子 slight 不严重；不主要；微小；轻微 eg：a slight slip/error/change/improvement 轻微失误/错误/改变/改进 gently adv. in a gentle way 温柔地；温和地；和缓地 eg: speak to sb. gently 对某人轻声细语地谈话 gentle adj. 温和；慈爱；小心；温柔；文雅；轻轻 eg: a gentle person/manner/voice/look 温和人/ 举止/声音/样子 silently adv. 悄悄地；静静地 eg: He
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