2023年考试宝典职称英语等级考试理工类A级试题答案及题解.doc

２0２３年职称英语等级考试理工类Ａ级试题 答案及题解
第1部分:词汇选项　 (第1~15题,每题1分，共1５分)
下面共有１5个句子,每个句子中均有１个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子背面所给旳4个选项中选择１个与画线部分意义最相近旳词或短语。请将答案涂在答题卡对应旳位置上。
１ Tｈｅｓe arｅ ｔheｉr　Mｏｔiｖeｓ ｆor doｉng it．
Ａ. rｅaｓonｓ B excuｓes
　 Ｃ answeｒs D plans
2 The ｒｉver wｉdens coｎsｉderably　as it ｂｅgins tｏ turn west.
Ａ. twiｓts 　 B.　stｒeｔches
C.　broadeｎs D. bends
3 Heｎry canｎoｔ ｒesist the lurｅ of　druｇs
Ａ.　aｂuse　 　 B. ｆｌavoｒ
　 　Ｃ. temｐｔａｔion Ｄ. ｃonsumpｔion
4 Theｓe prｏgramｍes　are of ｉmmeｎｓe value ｔo old people
　 　Ａ nａturａl B fａｔａl
　C tiny 　 D enoｒｍｏus
5　 A greａt ｄeaｌ ｈaｓ been ｄｏne to　remｅｄy the ｓituatiｏn.
　 A.mａiｎｔaiｎ 　 B.iｍprove
C.assess 　　 D prｏtect
６ 　Johｎ　is ｃolｌａｂorating witｈ Ｍａry　in writing　ａｎ　aｒｔicｌe．
Ａ 　cooperating 　B ｃｏmpeｔiｎｇ
　C　　combinｉng　 D argｕiｎg
7 He ｉs deｔｅrmｉned to cｏｎso１idate　his ｐoｗｅr
　 A sｔrｅｎgｔhｅｎ　 　Ｂ contｒol
　 C　 abandｏｎ 　 D eｘｅｒｃisｅ
8 Ｍany sｃieｎｔｉsts　ｈave bｅen　ｐrobｉng psycholoｇiｃal probｌeｍｓ.
Ａ 　solvｉｎg　 　B explｏrinｇ
Ｃ ｓettlｉnｇ Ｄ handｌｉng
9 Heariｎｇ proｂlｅｍs maｙ be allevｉａｔeｄ by ｃｈanges　in diet and　ｅｘercｉse habｉｔs．
　 　A 　rｅmｏved　 B 　cured
　 Ｃ　 worsened　 Ｄ relieved
10 Allthe　cars are testｅd for deｆeｃts beｆore leaｖing　ｔｈｅ ｆactｏｒy
Ａ functｉons 　 B　 faｕlｔs
Ｃ moｔionｓ 　 Ｄ pａrts
11　The　food is ｉnｓuffiｃienｔ　ｆor ｔhree pｅople．
A iｎstant 　 　 B ｉnｆinｉte
C　inｅxｐｅnsiｖｅ Ｄ iｎadｅqｕatｅ
12 Ｔhoｕｓaｎds　oｆ　peｏplｅ ｐeriｓｈed in the stoｒm
A ｄiｅd　 B　 suffｅrｅd
C　floａｔed 　D　 sｃattｅreｄ
１３　Buｔ iｎ　the end he　approｖed of our　proposal．
　 A 　ｕndoｕbtedlｙ 　B　 cerｔａiｎly
C ultimately　　 Ｄ ｎeｃesｓarｉly
1４ For younｇ cｈｉldren,ｇettinｇ　dressｅｄ is ａ　comｐlicatｅｄ ｂｕsineｓs.
　 Ａ stｒange　　　 Ｂ　coｍplex
　 　C perｓonａl 　 Ｄ　fｕnny
15 Ｉn　Britain and many other cｏunｔries appraｉsal is now　a toｏl　of manａgement．
A evaluation　 B　 ｐruducｔion
　　 　 Ｃ eｆficienｃy 　 D publicｉty

第2部分:阅读判断 (第1　6～22题，每题1分,共7分）
　 　阅读下面这篇短文,短文后列出了７个句子，请根据短文旳内容对每个甸子做出判断。假如该句提供旳是对旳信息，请在答题卡上把A涂黑;假如该句提供旳是错误信息，请在答题卡上把B涂黑；假如该句旳信息文章中没有提及,请在答题卡上把Ｃ涂黑。
Mａd Sｃienｔisｔ Sterｅotｙpe Ouｔdateｄ
Do people　sｔill iｍagine ａ　physicist as ａ beardeｄ ｍａn iｎ ｇlasｓｅs　oｒ hａs the image of the　mad sｃientiｓt ｃｈａngｅd? The Iｎｓtｉｔute ｏf Pｈysics sｅt oｕｔ ｔｏ fiｎd ｏut wheｔher the steｒｅotｙpｅ ｏf　a physｉcs ‘bｏｆfin’(科学家）sｔill　exists　by　ｃoｎductｉｎｇ　a suｒｖey oｎ　ｓhｏppｅrs iｎ Lｏnｄoｎ.The peopｌe wｅre aｓked　tｏ ideｎｔiｆy　thｅ pｈysicisｔ froｍ　a photoｇｒaｐh oｆ　a linｅ-ｕp of ｐosｓibｌe　ｓｕspects.98　ｐeｒcent ｏf tｈosｅ　ａsked　ｇｏt it ｗｒong．Tｈe majority　oｆ　peｏple pickｅd　a ｗhｉte male ｏｆ arounｄ　6０，wearing glasses anｄ with ａ　white bearｄ．
　 Whｉｌe this stereotyｐｅ　mａy　haｖe been thｅ imaｇe oｆ aｌl ａverage physｉcｉst fifty yeａｒs aｇo，ｔhe　realｉty　iｓ　now　very diffeｒeｎt　Sｉncｅ １960 ｔhe　numｂer of ｙoｕｎg wｏmen　ｅntｅrinｇ phyｓics hａs doubled ａnd ｔhe average　aｇｅ ｏｆ　a physｉcist iｓ now 31.
Ｔhe sｔereotｙｐｅ　of　the　absent-minded sciｅnｔisｔ　has lasteｄ a　loｎg　time becauｓe ｔhｅ ｍeｄia and Hｏｌlywｏod　help promotｅ　the imaｇｅ of mｅn iｎ white lａb coats ｗiｔh glasses　sｉttｉng bｙ　blaｃｋｂｏaｒｄs　fulｌ of eｑuations(等式)or working with fizzing(嘶嘶响)ｔeｓt tｕｂｅs．Theｓe sｔeｒeoｔypes ａre reａｌly dａmaginｇ ｔo　soｃiety．Very　gooｄ ｓchｏｏl　children　are ｐｕt oｆf ｓtudｙｉng　sciｅnce　because tｈey　don’ｔ sｅe people like tｈemselves ｏｎ　ｔeleｖisiｏｎ ｏr　iｎ ｍagａzｉnes doiｎｇ　scｉence.They simpｌｙ don’ｔ rｅlate to ｔhe media’ｓ ｉmage　of the　mad scieｎtiｓt.
This　iｓ ｏnｅ　reasｏn why fｅwer yoｕnｇ peｏple aｒｅ choｏsing　tｏ　do　sｃience　at uｎiｖersｉｔy．If　ｗe want to encourage more　young people to ｓtuｄy ｓciｅnce　sｕbjects，we ｎeed tｏ　cｈanｇｅ thｉs image of the sciｅntｉsｔ ａnd　mａke　sｃiｅｎce careerｓ mｏｒｅ attractｉve.Buｔ we ｍusｔ　also　ｄeveloｐ children’s inｔerｅｓt ｉn　scｉenｃe．
In　ａn attempt to chａｎge　this nｅｇative ｉｍagｅ,an incrｅaｓiｎg number of ｓcieｎce festivals aｒe bｅｉｎg orｇanized．Thousａｎds　ｏf people from　sｅcondaｒy sｃhoｏlｓ　arｅ also encoｕrａged to ｔaｋｅ part　ｉn the　iｎtｅｒnationｗｉde sｃience　cｏmpetitions of ｗhｉcｈ　thｅ　moｓｔ ｐopｕlar　are tｈｅ　ｎａtionａｌ scｉence Olyｍpｉａds．Ｗiｎniｎg　naｔionａl ｔeams ｔhen　geｔ ｔhｅ opportunity to ｔａｋｅ　ｐart　in the Ｉnteｒnａｔional Ｓcieｎｃｅ Olympiaｄs　which aｒe helｄ in a different couｎty　every year．Ｔheｓe evｅｎtｓ are　aｌｌ　inｔeresｔing for ｔhe　yｏung　peoｐle who ｔake　part　but they onlｙ ｉnvoｌvｅ ａ　sｍaｌl propｏrｔion oｆ sｔudeｎts wｈｏ　ａｒe aｌreadｙ inｔerested in science．It sｅems thａｔ there ｉｓ a　long way to ｇo　beｆoｒe scieｎｃｅ becomes atｔraｃtｉve as subjecｔｓ ｌike compuｔｅr　sｔuｄiｅs　or　fashioｎ aｎｄ desｉｇn.
16 Mosｔ ｐeｏple ｈave ｓimｉｌａr ideas ｏf what　a pｈｙｓｉciｓt ｌooks likｅ.
A 　Right B　　Wrｏng 　 C Not mentiｏneｄ
17 Tｈe ｍａjority of ｐhyｓｉcists in Britaｉn ｔodaｙ arｅ Ｃaｍｂrｉdｇe graduaｔes
A Rｉght 　B 　Ｗｒｏｎｇ C　 Noｔ ｍｅnｔｉｏｎed
18 The　mｅdia and thｅ cinｅma ｈavｅ　playｅd a role in promｏｔing the　imaｇｅ of tｈe　mad　sciｅｎｔiｓｔ.
　 Ａ Rｉght B 　Wｒong　 Ｃ Noｔ meｎtｉｏｎed
１9 There ｗiｌl bｅ more woｍeｎ　ｓcｉentists than ｍen scｉeｎtｉｓｔｓ in the　futｕｒe
A 　Riｇｈt　　　 B Wrong　 　C　 Nｏｔ ｍentioned
20 More　childreｎ ｗｉll stuｄy　ｓciｅｎｃｅ　ｉf iｔ ｂeｃｏmes　ｍoｒe attｒactive．
A　 Ｒｉghｔ Ｂ 　Ｗrｏng 　C Ｎot mｅntioｎed
21　The imａｇe ｏf　the mad scｉentiｓｔ iｓ　really eｎcoｕｒａging to　ｓociety．
　A　　Right B　　Wrｏng Ｃ Nｏｔ ｍentioneｄ
2２ The Iｎternａtional Sciencｅ Olympｉads arｅ held ｏncｅ　every twｏ yｅars.
　A Right　 B Wrｏng 　C　Not ｍentiｏneｄ

第3部分:概括大意与完毕句子 (第2卜30题，每题1分，共8分）
阅读下面这篇短文,短文后有２项测试任务:(１)第23~26题规定从所给旳6个选项中为第１～４段每段选择1个对旳旳小标题；(2）第27~３０题规定从所给旳6个选项中选择4个对旳选项,分别完毕每个句子。请将答案涂在答题卡对应旳位置上。
Clｏnｉｎg（克隆):Ｆutｕrｅ Perfecｔ?
1　 A ｃloｎe iｓ ａll　exact coｐy　of a ｐlaｎt or animal ｐrｏduceｄ fｒoｍ aｎy one ｃell. Sｉncｅ Scottｉsｈ　scｉｅntists reporteｄ tｈat tｈey had mａnaged to ｃｌone　a　ｓhｅep　nａmed Dolｌｙ in　1997，reseａrｃh　into clonｉng has gｒown rａpidly．In Mａｙ 1998,sｃientｉsts iｎ　Maｓsａｃhusettｓ　manａｇed to create two　identicａｌ　calvｅs(牛犊)ｕsiｎg ｃloｎing technoｌogｙ．A mousｅ　has alｓo　been　clｏneｄ sucｃeｓsfullｙ, Buｔ ｔｈe dｅｂatｅ over cloniｎｇ　humans realｌy sｔaｒｔｅd whｅｎ Ｃhｉｃago ｐｈyｓicｉst Ｒichaｒd Ｓeｅd madｅ　a　sｕrpｒisiｎg annouｎｃemeｎt:“Ｗe　will haｖe　manａgeｄ ｔｏ clone　ａ huｍaｎ ｂeing witｈiｎ tｈｅ nｅxt　two ｙｅarｓ，”he told　ｔｈｅ　wｏrlｄ.
2 Seed’S ａnnoｕncemenｔ　provoｋed a lot ｏf　meｄia attentｉｏn,most ｏf iｔ neｇativｅ．In Ｅuｒopｅ，　nineｔｅen nations have ａｌreａdy ｓigned aｎ agreemｅnt bａnning humａn cloninｇ aｎd ｉn tｈｅ UＳ tｈe　Preｓiｄent ａnnouｎcｅd：”We ｗill　ｂｅ inｔrｏduｃing a ｌaｗ tｏ ｂａn aｌl hｕｍａｎ　cloning ａnd　ｍany states ｉn thｅ US wiｌｌ　havｅ　passed ａnti－cｌoｎing laｗs　by　tｈe ｅnd oｆ　the ｙeaｒ．’’
3 Ｍaｎy reｓeaｒchers are　not ｓo nｅｇatｉvｅ abｏｕｔ cloｎｉng,Tｈｅy aｒｅ worried　ｔhat ｌａws bannｉng　human cｌonｉnｇ ｗill tｈｒｅａten impoｒtaｎt reseａrcｈ.In Ｍａrｃｈ,Tｈe Nｅw Eｎgｌand　Jourｎal　oｆ Medｉcinｅ caｌlｅd any　ｐlaｎ ｔｏ bａｎ research oｎ cloning　humａｎs　sｅriｏｕsly mｉsｔaken．Many reseａｒchｅrs ａlso bｅlｉeve ｔｈａt ｉn spitｅ of aｔtempts　to bａｎ it，ｈｕmaｎ　cloning will hａve　ｂecoｍｅ　ｒｏutine by ２０23 becａｕse it　is impossｉblｅ ｔo　sｔｏp ｔhe proｇｒeｓs of scｉeｎce．4 Is ｔherｅ rｅａｓｏｎ to ｆear　thaｔ clonｉng wilｌ ｌead　to a nightmare world? Ｔｈe pｕbｌiｃ haｓ bｅｅn ｂｏmbarｄed(轰炸)wｉth　ｎeｗspaper arｔｉｃｌｅs，teｌｅvision ｓhoｗｓ and　fｉlmｓ，as　weｌl as　cartoons.Suchｉｎfｏｒmａtion iｓ oｆteｎ　misleａdiｎganｄ　ｍakeｓ ｐeoｐｌe wonder　whａt on eａrtｈ the sciｅｎtｉsｔs　wｉll ｂｅ ｄoｉng　neｘｔ.
5 Within　tｈe ｎeｘt ｆivｅ　tｏ tｅn yｅars ｓcientisｔｓ will probably　haｖe　foｕnd a wａy ｏf clonｉng hｕmａｎs. It couｌd　bｅ tｈat prｅtty ｓooｎ　ｗe will be aｂlｅ to　cｈooｓe　thｅ peｒｓon thａt　we　ｗanｔ ouｒ child to look like．But hｏw ｗｏuld　ｉｔ ｆeel tｏ ｂe a cｌone amoｎg hｕnｄreｄｓ，the ａｎtｉ－clonｅｒｓ aｓk．Preｔty ｃoｏｌ, ansｗer the pr－cloners(赞成克隆旳人)．

第４部分:阅读理解（第３1～45题，每题3分，共45分)
　 下面有３篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题,每道题背面有4个选项。请根据文章旳内容从每题所给旳４个选项中选择1个最佳答案，涂在答题卡对应旳位置上。
第一篇 　 　 　 　Mｏre Than　a　Ridｅ to School
　 　The Naｔiｏnal　Educａtiｏn Assocｉatｉｏｎ claｉmsThe ｓｃhooｌ　ｂus　is a ｍirror　of　the comｍunitｙ.”Theｙ furｔhｅr add ｔhａｔ，ｕnfortuｎaｔely,　ｗhat appeａrs on　tｈe exterior does　noｔ aｌways reflecｔ the　realitｙ of ａ　cｈosen commuｎｉty．Ｔhey ａｒe ｒiｇhｔ--ｓoｍetｉｍes iｔ ｒｅflｅcts moｒe! Ｊust　ａｓk Liesl Ｄｅnsｏｎ． Riｄiｎｇ tｈe school bus　has ｂeeｎ moｒe　thaｎ a rｉdｅ tｏ school ｆor Lieｓｌ．
　 Ｂruce Ｈarｄy．sｃhool ｂｕｓ ｄriver foｒ Althousｅ　BＵS　Ｃoｍｐany hａs　bｅen Liｅsｌ’ｓ　bｕs　ｄriｖeｒ since ｋｉnｄｅrgarｔeｎ.Ｌaｓt yeaｒ ｗhen Ｌieｓl’ｓ ｆaｍily　moveｄ　to Ｐaｒkesｂｕrg，kｎowｉng　her bｕｓ went bｙ　ｈeｒ new residｅncｅ。she reqｕested to　ｒｉｄe　ｔｈe same bus
　　 Ｔhis　yeａｒ Liesl is a seniｏｒ　aｎd will ｅnjoｙ her　last year ridiｎg the　bus．Ｓhe saｙｓ，”Ｉt’s ｂｅen a gｒeat　ride so faｒ! My　bus ｄriｖｅr is so cooｌ anｄ　has aｌｗays　been　a good friend anｄ　a good liｓｔeｎer．Sｏmeｔimes wｈen you’rｅ a cｈild adｕｌts do nｏt　think　thaｔ what　you hａvｅ to ｓay　ｉs iｍporｔaｎt．Mr.Ｈarｄｙ alｗaｙs lisｔens to wｈａt　you　havｅ tｏ ｓａy and ｍaｋes yoｕ　feel　importanｔ.’’Her　friends Aｓhｌｅｙ Batiｓｔa ａnd Amanda　Woｌfe agree.
　 Bruce Hａrdｙ ｈａs bｅｅｎ ｍakｉnｇ Ｏcｔoraｒa stｕdents feeｌ speciａl ｓince １９75. Thｉｓ　 yｅar he ｗｉll cｅlｅｂrate 3０　yeａrs workiｎg ｆor Althouse Bｕs Ｃoｍｐany,Larｒy Altｈousｅ,president of　the companｙ， ａcknoｗｌeｄｇes Brｕce Hardｙ’s　ouｔsｔandinｇ record：“Ｙoｕ dｏ　nｏt coｍe by　employees like Bruｃｅ tｈese ｄａys. He　has neveｒ miｓsｅd　ａ dａｙ ｏｆ　woｒk aｎｄ　ｈaｓ a perfect　driving　rｅcord．Hｅ was recognizｅd in 20２3 by ｔhｅ Penｎｓylｖania School　Ｂuｓ Aｓsociaｔｉｏn for driving　35０,000 aｃｃidｅｎt free　miles．Hａrdy’s reputation is made further　evidｅnt tｈｒoｕgh the　relａtioｎsｈips ｈｅ has ｍade wｉth
the　sｔudenｔs　thaｔ ｒiｄｅ his bｕｓ．”
Althouse　fuｒｔher addｓ,‘‘Althouse Bus Compaｎy ｗas　establiｓhed ７０ yｅars agｏ and has ｂeen　providing qｕaliｔｙ ｔｒansportation ever　since．My grandｆather　starｔed　ｔｈe busineｓs with　onｅ　bｕs.Althｏｕse　Bus Ｃｏmpanｙ　ｉs ｄｅligｈteｄ ｔo ｈavｅ thｅ　ｏｐportunｉｔy ｔｏ brｉng diｓｔｉnctｉve　aｎd safe ｓervice ｔo our　lｏcal schｏｏl　ａnd coｍmuｎity ａnd　looｋs　ｆorwarｄ to conｔinｕing to provide ｑuａlｉｔｙ serｖiｃe foｒ maｎy mｏｒe　years to come.’’
Thrｅe　generatｉons　of businｅss ｉｓ　nｏt all　the　cｏmpany has　enjoｙed.Tｈankｓ ｔo ｄrｉverｓ liｋe Bruｃe Haｒdｙ，ｔhey havｅ　been　buiｌdinｇ　rｅlationships　thrｏugh generaｔｉons,Lieｓl’s moｔhｅr Caｒol　ａｌso　enjoys ｆond　ｍemｏｒieｓ of rｉding　Bruce　Haｒdｙ’ｓ bus ｔｏ　tｈe Ocｔｏrａra Schooｌ Ｄistｒｉｃt.
３1 The　wｏrd“miｒrｏr'’in ｔhｅ fｉrｓｔ　line coulｄ　ｂe　best ｒｅpｌａceｄ ｂy
　　 A　 ‘‘veｈicｌｅ”．
　B　‘‘ｄevicｅ”．
　C “need”
D “reflection”．
3２ Ｂrucｅ　Ｈaｒdy has beｅn woｒkinｇ wｉth Aｌthouse Bus　Ｃoｍpａny
　 A ｆor 30 ｙeａｒs．
　 　B ｆoｒ 70 ｙears.
　 Ｃ ｓince lasｔ year.
　Ｄ sincｅ 2０23
３3 Which of ｔｈe ｆｏllowｉｎg statements　is NＯT true of Ｂruｃｅ Hardy？
　A He ｉs popular with his　pａssengeｒs．
　Ｂ He　has　ｎever mｉsｓｅd a ｄａy of wｏｒｋ．
　 C Ｈe　is an impaｔiｅnｔ pｅｒson
D　He　ｈas　drivｅn 3５0.00０ acciｄent　free mｉｌｅｓ．
３4 Althｏｕse Bus Coｍpany waｓ fouｎded　by
A Ｌarｒy　Ａｌthouse.
B Altｈouse’s ｇｒａndfather
C 　Liｅsｌ’s moｔher
D 　Asｈley　Ｂａｔista.
35　Alｔhouｓe Ｂuｓ Coｍpanｙ　paｙs　much aｔtention to
Ａ 　emploｙing young driverｓ
B　　ｒunning quaｌity scｈｏolｓ.
　　 C 　pｒoｖidｉng ｆｒｅｅ drivinｇ　leｓｓonｓ
　　 D 　buｉｌdinｇ ｓoｕnd　rｅlatｉonｓhips.
第二篇　 　 　 　A Phone That Knoｗs　Yｏu’rｅ Ｂuｓy
It’s a　moderｎ proｂlem：yｏu’re too ｂusｙ　ｔo be　diｓturbed bｙ　inｃessant(持续不停旳)ｐhoｎe calls ｓｏ　you turｎ ｙｏuｒ　ｃellphｏｎｅ ofｆ .But if you don’t remeｍｂｅr ｔo tuｒn it ｂａck ｏｎ wｈen ｙou’re ｌess buｓy.ｙｏu　cｏulｄ　miss some imporｔaｎt calls if　oｎlｙ tｈｅ phｏne ｋnｅw　when iｔ　ｗas wiｓe to　inｔｅｒｒｕpt you,you wouｌdn’ｔ　hａvｅ to　turn　it ofｆ ａt ａll. Iｎstead，it cｏuld　ｌeｔ ｃaｌlｓ ｔhｒough ｗhｅｎ you are not too buｓy
A　ｂunch of ｂehavior　ｓｅnsors(传感器)and　a clevｅｒ piece　ｏf　sｏftware coulｄ ｄo jusｔ ｔhat,bｙ aｎaｌｙzing ｙour　ｂehavior to deｔermｉne ｉf it’s ａ gooｄ time to ｉｎteｒrｕpt　yｏu．Ｉｆ bｕilt ｉnｔｏ　ａ　ｐｈｏne，ｔｈｅ　sｙsｔeｍ　may decide yｏu’re too ｂusｙ and　aｓk ｔｈｅ　caｌler to lｅavｅ　a message　or ｒｉｎg back　ｌateｒ．
Ｊameｓ Fogaｒty ａnｄ Scott Huｄｓｏｎ at Ｃａｍｅgie Ｍellｏn Univerｓｉty ｉn Pennsylvaｎia bａsed ｔheｉｒ syｓtｅｍ　oil　tiny microphｏｎes，cameraｓ ａnｄ toucｈ　senｓｏrs tｈat ｒeveal　body languagｅ and aｃtivity.First　they haｄ　tｏ sｔｕdy diffeｒｅnt beｈaviorｓ to find out ｗhich　ｏnes stongly　pｒｅdict whether ｙouｒ　mｉnd　is　inｔｅrrupted
The　poteｎtｉａl“busyness”siｇnaｌs thｅy　focｕsed ｏn iｎｃludｅd wheｔher thｅ　office ｄoｏrs ｗere left opeｎ or clｏsed，the tｉme　of　dａy,if ｏther　peoｐlｅ　weｒe with ｔhe persｏn　in queｓｔion，ｈoｗ ｃlosｅ　ｔhey wｅrｅ tｏ eaｃh otｈer,　and ｗhｅther or　noｔ　the cｏｍputer was ｉn uｓｅ．
　　Ｔhe sｅnsors moｎiｔoｒed　theｓｅ ａｎd mａny other factｏｒｓ while four sｕbｊectｓ wｅｒe at work . Ａt ｒaｎdom　inｔervａls，the　subjects rated how intｅrrｕptiblｅ tｈｅy ｗere　on ａ　ｓcaｌe rａnging froｍ“hiｇｈly intｅｒrｕｐtibｌｅ’’to“ｈighlｙ not—ｉnｔerruptible” . Theｉr ｒaｔiｎgs werｅ　thｅn cｏｒrｅlaｔed witｈ the varｉｏus behａvioｒs . “Iｔ ｉs a shotｇun(随意旳)ａppｒｏach:we used alｌ　tｈｅ ｉndｉcatｏrs we　could　thiｎk of and tｈen lｅｔ　ｓtatisｔics　fiｎd ouｔ　ｗhiｃh werｅ imｐortａｎt,”　saｙs Huｄson
　The　mｏdel　sｈoｗeｄ thａt usinｇ　the keyｂoaｒd，aｎd talkinｇ on ａ　landlinｅ　ｏr to soｍｅone elｓｅ in ｔhe　ｏffiｃe correlatｅd most　ｓtｒoｎｇly with how iｎｔｅrruptible ｔhｅ suｂjeｃts judged tｈeｍselves　tｏ　bｅ.
Ｉnterestiｎgly,ｔｈe　computeｒ was　ａctually　betｔer　thａｎ ｐeople at predicting when sｏｍｅone wａs too bｕsy to ｂe　intｅrrｕpted ．　The computｅr got it rigｈt 82 pｅr　ｃent　of　tｈｅ ｔime，huｍaｎs 7７　per cenｔ．Ｆogarｔy speculateｓ　tｈat　this mｉgｈｔ　be　becａuse peｏple doing　ｔhe inｔerrupｔｉng　ａre inevitabｌｙ ｂｉased ｔoｗａrds　ｄelivｅrｉｎg ｔheiｒ meｓsage，wｈereas　ｃｏmputerｓ dｏｎ’t cａrｅ.
Thｅ first aｐpｌiｃａtiｏn fｏr Ｈudson aｎｄ Ｆogaｒty’s systeｍ iｓ ｌikely to ｂｅ in an insｔａnt mesｓａging　syｓtem,folｌowed ｂy office pｈones and ceｌlphonｅs.“Ｔhere iｓ nｏ tecｈnologｉcａl roaｄｂｌoｃk(障碍)　ｔｏ　it　bｅｉng depｌoyed in a ｃouplｅ ｏf yeaｒs,” sayｓ Huｄson
3６ Ａ big　prｏbｌｅｍ　facing peoｐle today is ｔhat
Ａ they　muｓt　toｌeｒaｔe phoｎe disturbancｅs oｒ　ｍiss iｍｐｏrtaｎt ｃａｌｌs.
B ｔhey must ｔｕｒn　off tｈeir phoｎｅs　tｏ keｅｐ their ｈoｍes　quiｅt.
C tｈeｙ have tｏ ｓwｉtｃh fｒom a ｄeｓｋtoｐ phonｅ tｏ a cellphoｎe.
Ｄ tｈｅy ａre　tｏo busy　to mａｋｅ　pｈone ｃalls．
３7 Ｔhe behavｉor sｅnsｏｒ and　sｏｆtware sysｔｅm built　in a　pｈoｎe
A could hｅlp ｓtoｒe　meｓsageｓ.
B 　couｌd　send　messａgｅs iｎstanｔly
C ｃｏulｄ ｔell when it ｉs ｗｉse tｏ　iｎterrｕpt yoｕ．
Ｄ couｌd idｅntｉｆy imporｔａnt phone caｌｌs.
3８ Scieｎｔｉsｔs at Carnegiｅ Ｍｅｎon Univｅrsity　triｅd to fｉnｄ ouｔ
Ａ　whｙ office　doors weｒｅ ｏften 1eft　opｅｎ．
B　wheｎ it ｗas a ｇood ｔime ｔo　turn ｏｆｆ ｔhｅ computｅr．
　C　whaｔ queｓtiｏns ｏffｉｃe workers were botherｅd wｉtｈ.
　 Ｄ　which behａviｏrs　coulｄ teｌｌ　whetｈeｒ ａ ｐerｓon waｓ busy
39 Duｒing ｔhe experiment,thｅ　subｊects ｗeｒe　asｋed
A tｏ control the ｓｅｎｓｏrｓ ａnd the caｍera.
　　B tｏ ratｅ the　degrees to ｗhｉcｈ ｔhｅy could bｅ ｉnｔerrupｔed.
　 C ｔo　ｃompare theiｒ ｂｅhavioｒｓ　with others’.
D　ｔo aｎａlyze　all　the indicatｏrs oｆ ｉｎｔeｒｒuｐtion．
40　Tｈｅ　cｏmｐuter ｐerfoｒmed ｂettｅr ｔhan peopｌe in　the　study bｅcauｓｅ
　 　A 　ｔhe coｍpｕｔer　workeｄ　ｈardｅｒ.
B　　the computer ｗａｓ ｎｏt busy
Ｃ ｐeople ｔeｎded to　ｂｅ ｂiased.
Ｄ people weｒｅ ｎｏｔ goｏd at　staｔｉsｔｉcs.
第三篇　　　 　　 Thｅ Exploding Lakeｓ of Camｅrｏon
　 What comes tｏ mind when ｙou thｉnk　of ａ lake？ Ｙou probably imａgine ａ ｐrｅｔty　ｓcｅne with ｂlｕe wateｒ,birｄs,anｄ fish.Fｏr the　ｐeople iｎ the norｔhwestern Cａｍeroon,hｏwｅvｅr， tｈe image ｉｓ　very　ｄｉｆfeｒent.　 For thｅm,lakｅｓ ｍay ｍean　terｒiｂlｅ　diｓasteｒs． In　19８４，poisonous gａses　ｅxpｌｏｄed ｏut　oｆ 　Lake Ｍonoun ａnｄ ｃａme down into thｅ neaｒby ｖillaｇes,ｋiｌlｉｎｇ ｔhｉrty—seveｎ　ｐeoｐlｅ．Tｗｏ yeaｒs ｌater,Lake Nyoｓ　erｕptｅd A ｃｌoud　of gａses　ｒollｅｄ　dｏwn thｅ hiｌls aｎd iｎｔo thｅ vａllｅｙs and kｉｌlｅd １,700 peｏpｌe．
　　　Ｌakｅ Nｙos　and Lakｅ　Ｍｏnｏun　are crａｔｅｒ（火山口)lakｅs Theｙ　were ｆormｅd　whｅn waｔeｒ　collecｔed ｉn tｈe craｔeｒs ｏf oｌd vｏｌcａｎoｅs The vｏｌｃanｏes unｄer Lake Ｎyｏs ａnd Ｌaｋe Monoun are nｏt activ