2023年英语专业专升本综合试题.doc

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英语专业综合试题

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本试题满分200分，考试时间180分钟。

Part I Reading comprehension (50 points, 2points for each)
Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by 5 questions. For each question there are 4 suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and write the crresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Passage 1
One of the greatest problems for those settlers  in Nebraska in the last quarter of the previous century was fuel. Little of the state was forested  when the first settlers arrived and it is probable that by 1880, only about one -third of the originally forested area remained, down to a mere 1 percent of the state's 77000 square miles .With wood and coal out of the question, and with fuel needed year-round for cooking, and during the harsh winter months for heating，some solution had to be found.
Somewhat improbably, the buffalo provided the answer. Buffalo chips were found to burn evenly, hotly, and cleanly, with little smoke and , interestingly, no odor. Soon, collecting them became a way of life for the settlers’ children who would pick them up on their way to and from school, or, take part in competitions designed to counteract their natural reluctance. Even a young man, seeking to impress the girl he wanted to marry ,would arrive with a large bag of chips rather than with a box of candy or a bunch of flowers.
1. What is the main topic of this passage?
A. The solution to the Nebraskan settlers’ fuel problem.
B. Life in Nebraskan in the late nineteenth century .
C. The importance of the American buffalo.
D. The forestation in Nebraskan in the late nineteenth century
2. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Nebraskan was not a densely-forested state even before the settlers arrived.
B. The children enjoyed collecting the buffalo chips
C. .The children spent a lot of time collecting the chips
D. Buffalo chips were satisfactory as a fuel
3.According to the passage ,how much of the originally forested are remained in Nebraska by 1880?
A. About 33 percent
B. About 1 percent
C. .About 66 percent
D. About 3 percent
4. The passage implies that buffalo chips were needed __.
A. in greater amounts in summer
B. only in summer
C. .in greater amounts in winter
D. . only in winter
5.Which of the following does the author NOT express surprise at?
A. .The children needed competitions to stimulate them.
B. The buffalo chips gave off no smell.
C. .Buffalo chips were the answer to the settlers’ fuel problem
D. .Young men
Passage 2
Many of the most damaging and life threatening types of weather torrential rains, severe thunderstorms, and tornadoes begin quickly, strike suddenly, and disappear rapidly, destroying small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. Such event as a tornado struck the northeastern section of Edmonton, Alberta, in July 1987. Total damages from the tornado exceeded﹩250 million, the highest ever for any Canadian storm.
Conventional computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short lived local storms like the Edmonton tornado, because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to study carefully the subtle atmospheric changes that come before these storms. In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at locations typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.
Until recently, the observation intensive approach needed for accurate, very short-range forecasts, or “Nowcasts”, was not feasible. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather situations was extremely high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were hard to overcome. Fortunately, scientific and technological advances have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments, and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observation over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communications satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and instantaneously, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interrupt easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, Nowcasting is becoming a reality.
6. The word “exceeded” in paragraph 1 most probably means____.
A. added up to B. were more than
C. were about D. were less than
7. Conventional computer models of the atmosphere fails to predict such a short-lived tornado because____.
A. the computer is not used to forecast specific local events.
B. the computers are not advanced enough to predict it.
C. the weather data people collect are often wrong.

D. weather conditions in some small regions are not available.
8. According to the passage, the word “Nowcasts” (Paragraph 3) means____.
A. a way of collecting raw weather data.
B. a forecast which can predict the weather conditions in the small area in an accurate way
C. a network to collect instant weather data
D. a more advanced system of weather observation
9. According to the passage, ____ is the key factor to making “Nowcasts” a reality.
A. scientific and technological advances such as radar, or satellites.
B. computer scientist
C. meteorologists
D. advanced computer programs

10. According to the author, the passage mainly deals with ____.
A. a tornado in Edmonton, Alberta
B. what’s a “Nowcast”
C. the disadvantage of conventional computer models of the weather forecast
D. a breakthrough in weather forecast

Passage 3

As America is home to so many different nationalities, one can find almost any kind of restaurant in all the large cities. The restaurants can range widely in cost from inexpensive to very expensive.
But fast food shops have become very widespread in the U.S. because they are quick and cheap .And cafeterias are especially popular with American student .There you can get a variety of food such as fried fish ,barbecued chicken ,spaghetti, salad, vegetables, macaroni, sweet potatoes ,rice hot rolls. There are also desserts and drinks. you can pick up whatever strikes your fancy.
Tips are generally not required at cafeterias where your serve yourself and you are expected to clear your own table of dishes and utensils ,and discard your trash in the garbage cans .in most cafeterias ,you stand in line .as you walk along, you select items available at a counter .at normal mealtimes ,cafeterias are crowded with people .you can usually get a seat without waiting too long if you eat a little early or a little late.
11. A visitor in a large city in the U.S. can find almost any kind of restaurant because__
A. there are so many people in a large city
B. Americans like eating foreign food
C. a large city can finance various kinds of restaurants
D. Americans are made up of people from many different nationalities
12. The sentence “ you can pick up whatever strikes your fancy ” probably means__
A. you can choose whatever you like
B. you can choose whatever you think about
C. you can choose as much food as you imagine possible
D. you can choose any kind of attractive food
13. In a fast food shop, you have to__
A. bring your own utensils with you
B. take home what you haven’t finished
C. discard your dishes and utensils in the garbage carts
D. clear your own table of leftovers and plates
14. Tips are usually not requires in a fast food shop because __
A. customers stand in line for a lone time
B. food is usually cheaper there
C. service there is in poor quality
D. no waiters serve customers
15. According to the passage which statement in not true__
A. you have to clean your own table at a cafeteria

B. students like cafeterias because they are quite cheap
C. you may eat Chinese food at a cafeteria
D. you can eat comfortably at a cafeteria whenever you want to

Passage 4

In the past, the concept of marketing emphasized sales, the producer of manufacturer made a product he wanted to well. Marketing was the task of figuring out how to sell the product .Basically, selling the product would be accomplished by sales promotion, which includes advertising and personal selling .In addition to sales promotion, marketing also involved the physical distribution of the product to the places where it was actually sold. Distribution consisted of transportation, storage, and related services such as financing, standardization and grading, and the related risks.
The modern marketing concept encompasses all of the activities mentioned, but it is based on a different set of principles. It subscribes to the notion that production can be economically justified only by consumption. In other words, goods should be produced only if they can be sold. Therefore, the producer should consider who is going to buy the product — or what the market for the product is —before production begins.This is very different from making a product and then thinking about how to sell it.
16. According to the passage, marketing used to be mainly concerned with__
A. advertising
B. transportation
C. personal selling
D. selling products
17.How many aspects does distribution involve
A. 3 B. 4 C. 7 D. 6
18. We know from this passage that modern marketing aims to
A. achieve a balance between production and selling
B. sell more products
C. promote consumption
D. obtain a balance between distribution and selling
19. The difference between traditional marketing and modern marketing lies in__
A. traditional marketing involves more activities
B. modern marketing is built on a set of principles
C. traditional marketing pays more attention to distribution
D. modern marketing is justified by consumption
20. It can be inferred from the passage that__
A. a modern producer must first consider how to satisfy the consumer
B. more emphasis should be laid on the distribution of products
C. selling is as important as distribution in modern marketing
D. transportation is neglected in traditional marketing
Passage 5
Bringing up children is a hard work, and you are often to blame for any bad behavior of your children. If so, Judith Harris has good news for you.
Parents, she argues, have no important long-term effects on the development of the personality of their children. Far more important are their playground friends and neighborhood. Ms. Harris takes to hitting the assumption, which has dominated development psychology for almost half a century.
Ms. Harris’s attack on the developmentalists’ “nature” argument looks likely to reinforce doubts that the profession was already having. If parents matter, why is it that two adopted children, reared in the same home, are no more similar in personality than two adopted children reared in separate homes? Or that a pair of identical twins, reared in the same home, is no more alike than a pair of identical twins reared in different homes?
Difficult as it is to track the precise effects of parental upbringing, it may be harder to measure the exact influence of the peer group in childhood and adolescence. Ms. Harris points to how children from immigrant homes soon learn not to speak at school in the way their parents speak. But acquiring a language is surely a skill, rather than a characteristic of the sort developmental psychologists hunt for. Certainly it is different from growing up tensely or relaxed, or from learning to be honest or hard-working or generous. Easy though it may be to prove that parents have little impact on those qualities, it will be hard to prove that peers have vastly more.
Moreover, mum and dad surely cannot be ditched completely. Young adults may, as Ms. Harris argues, be keen to appear like their peers. But even in those early years, parents have the power to open doors: they may initially choose the peers with whom their young associate, and pick that influential neighborhood.
Moreover, most people suspect that they come to resemble their parents more in middle age, and that people’s child bearing habits may be formed partly by what their parents did. So the balance of influences is probably complicated, as most parents already suspected without being able to demonstrate it scientifically.
Even if it turns out that the genes they pass on and the friends their children play with matter as much as affection, discipline and good example, parents are not completely off the hook..
21. According to Ms. Harris,_____.
A. parents are no blame for any bad behavior of their children
B. parents will affect greatly the children’s life in the long run
C. nature rather than nurture has a significant effect on the children’s personality development
D. children’s personality is shaped by their friends and neighbors
22. Which of the following views is consistent with what the developmentalists hold?
A. Children are more influenced by their peers than by their parents.
B. Twins are quite different if they are reared in two separate families.
C. Identical twins reared in the same home are different in personality.
D. Nurture has a less significant effect on children’s personality development.
23. According to Para.3, which of the following statements is TRUE？
A. It is harder to track the precise effects of parental upbringing than the exact influence of the peer group in children.
B. Immigrant children tend to discard the way their parents speak quickly when they go to school.
C. It has been proved that peers have more impact on children’s qualities such as to be honest or hard-working or generous.
D. It is easier for children to acquire a language at school than at home.
24. The word “ ditched” (line 1, Para.5) could best be replaced by______.
A. proved B. emphasized C. compared D. ignored
25. What is the author’s main purpose?
A. To highly praise Ms. Harris’s work.
B. To counter Ms. Harris’s work.
C. To objectively report on Ms. Harris’s work.
D. To critically comment on Ms. Harris’s work.
Part II Vocabulary and Structure (60 points, 1.5 oints for each)
Directions: There are forty items in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words of phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one that best completes the sentence. Mark y